Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Amoxapine possesses a broad spectrum of psychotropic actions, including antidepressant and neuroleptic effects in animals. Antidepressant activity is characterized by its ability to inhibit tetrabenazine-induced depression, antagonize reserpine-induced hypothermia and enhance yohimbine lethality. Neuroleptic activity is demonstrated by the ability of amoxapine to decrease locomotor activity, induce ptosis and catalepsy, inhibit apomorphine gnawing and amphetamine stereotyped behavior and by characteristic changes in monkey discriminated avoidance behavior. The fact that punished responding in squirrel monkeys was present was present after repeated administration may indicate an anti-anxiety action of this drug. Evidence is offered that the conversion of the tertiary terminal nitrogen to a secondary amine may alter the pharmacologica properties of dibenzoxazepines in a similar way to the for the phenothiazines.
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PMID:The neuropharmacological actions of amoxapine. 2 99

Mangostin (M), a naturally occurring xanthone in the rinds of the fruits of Garcinia mangostana Linn. (Guttiferae) and its derivatives such as 3-0-methyl mangostin (MM), 3,6-di-O-methyl mangostin (DM), 1-isomangostin (IM), mangostin triacetate (MT), mangostin 3,6-di-O-(tetra acetyl) glucoside (MTG) and mangostin-6,6-di-O-glucoside (MOG) were screened for various pharmacological effects in experimental animals. With the exception of DM all the test compounds produced CNS depression characterised by ptosis, sedation, decreased motor activity, potentiation of pentobarbital sleeping time and ether anaesthesia in mice and rats. None of the compounds exhibited analgesic, antipyretic and anticonvulsant effects. With the exception of MOG, none of the test compounds produced significant effects on the cardiovascular system of frogs and dogs. MOG produced myocardial stimulation and a rise in blood pressure which was partially blocked by propranolol. M, IM and MT produced pronounced antiinflammatory activity both by intraperitoneal and oral routes in rats as tested by carrageenininduced hind paw oedema, cotton pellet implantation and granuloma pouch techniques. Antiinflammatory activity for M, IM and MT was observed even in bilaterally adrenalectomised rats. M, IM and MT did not produce any mast cell membrane stabilising effect and the degranulation effect of polymyxin B, diazoxide and Triton X-100 on rat peritoneal mast cells in vitro was not prevented. M, IM and MT did not alter the prothrombin time of albino rats. M alone produced significant antiulcer activity in rats.
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PMID:Pharmacological profile of mangostin and its derivatives. 31 90

A single administration of ifenprodil at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg (p.o.), and 50 and 100 mg/kg (i.m.) produced a moderate CNS depression in rats, such as, sedation, ptosis, systemic muscle relaxation and decrease in motor activity. These symptoms appeared dose-dependently and persisted for about 4 hours following administration. In a direct physical dependence test, 5 groups of rats were fed the ifenprodil-admixed food together with drinking water ad libitum for 24 hours daily for 53 approximately 103 days (mean ifenprodil intake, 43--240 mg/kg/day), on the gradedly increased dosage schedule with a dosage level of 0.5 vs. 1 mg/g food to 4 mg/g food. In the natural withdrawal following administration, no significant withdrawal signs were observed in any group. In a substitution test either for phenobarbital or morphine, no suppression of withdrawal signs during the period of cross-administration of ifenprodil and no maintenance of dependence were observed. In a physical dependence-producing test, the rats fed ifenprodil never manifested withdrawal signs such as diarrhea, "wet shakes", sudden loss of body weight as in the levallorphan precipitation test. Ifenprodil apparently has no physical dependence liability.
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PMID:[Physical dependence liability test of ifenprodil in rats (author's transl)]. 56 49

A patient with congenital complete absence of the left pericardium had a late systolic murmur and an intermittent non-ejection systolic click. A post-exercise ECG showed ST-segment depression and T-wave inversion, compatible with that described in the billowing mitral leaflet syndrome. Left ventricular cine-angiography confirmed prolapse of the mitral valve. It is suggested that an associated billowing mitral leaflet syndrome may be responsible for chest pain, variable auscultatory features and abnormal ECGs in some patients with absent left pericardium.
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PMID:Billowing mitral valve syndrome in association with absent left pericardium: a case report. 60 94

The response to electrocardiographically monitored submaximal exercise stress testing has been studied in 44 patients with mitral leaflet prolapse (MLP). With exercise, ventricular premature contractions occurred in 7, ventricular tachycardia in 1, and atrial fibrillation in 1. Exercise was terminated short of target heart rate in 18 patients, because of chest pain (5), fatigue (7), ventricular arrhythmia (4), dizziness (1) or ST segment depression (1). 23 patients developed postexercise ST segment abnormalities, of whom 5 had 'ischemic' patterns and arteriographically proven coronary artery disease (CAD); among the 18 others, the ST segments were depressed and minimally downsloping in 2, slowly ascending from depressed J point in 3, horizontal for greater than or equal to 80 msec with J depression of less than 1 mm in 12, and cupped in 1. The incidence of arrhythmias provoked by submaximal exercise stress testing in patients with MLP was lower than suggested in previous reports. In all 5 cases where MLP and CAD coexisted, the classical 'ischemic' electrocardiographic response to exercise was not obscured. Even in the absence of CAD, postexercise ST segment abnormalities were common with MLP (18/39 = 46%) and differed from the progressively resolving ST segment deviation characteristic of CAD with angina. Exercise testing can safely be recommended, subject to standard contraindications, in patients with MLP and yields useful information.
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PMID:The electrocardiographic response to exercise in 44 patients with leaflet prolapse. 71 Apr 93

Primary meningeal lymphoma was diagnosed in an 18-year-old Morgan gelding. The horse was examined because of a 3-day history of progressive ataxia and weakness. The gait abnormalities were worse on the left side, and the pelvic limbs were more affected than the thoracic limbs. Additional findings included signs of depression, miosis of the left pupil, ptosis of the left upper eyelid, and areas of muscle atrophy on the left side of the neck and over the dorsal aspect of the left scapula. Inflammatory changes were evident in the CSF. At necropsy, there was diffuse and irregular thickening of the dura mater along the entire spinal cord. Histologic examination revealed infiltration of the leptomeninges with neoplastic lymphocytes.
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PMID:Primary meningeal lymphoma in a horse. 142 63

Physicians examined 216 women who presented at Chittaranjan Seva Sadan College of Obstetrics, Gynaecology, and Child Health in Calcutta, India, and had undergone surgical sterilization at least 2 years earlier. Endometrial biopsies during the late secretory phase in the 32 cases with excessive bleeding during the late menstrual period found proliferative changes: dilated glands in 28 cases and poor secretory phase in 4 cases. The 12 ovarian biopsies revealed cortical stromal hyperplasia in 1 case. None of the control cases (i.e., those with no menorrhagia) had any ovarian changes. Observed pelvic pathologies included in the order of frequency: cystic ovaries, hydrosalpinx, uterine fibroids, pelvic endometriosis, uterine prolapse, chronic cervicitis, and scar endometriosis. Most of the 216 women were 25 to 35 years old and the youngest was 22 years old. Menorrhagia was the most common complaint (59.2%) and 30 to 35 year old women suffered from it the most. Among women who had no pelvic pathology, dysfunctional uterine bleeding was responsible for menorrhagia. Dysmenorrhea was the next most frequent complaint (29.6%). Intermenstrual bleeding, abnormally infrequent menstruation, and secondary amenorrhea were other menstrual disturbances (5.56%, 4.17%, and 1.39%, respectively). Other relatively common symptoms associated with surgical sterilization were abdominal pain (25%), abdominal discomfort and backache (14.8%), and whitish, viscid vaginal or uterine discharge (12.03%). Less frequent symptoms were obesity, painful scar, insomnia, irritability, depression, and regret. Proper preoperative and postoperative counseling would have prevented many of the complications.
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PMID:Aftermaths of surgical sterilisation with special reference to menstrual disturbances. 153 7

The naso-labial fold is a permanent depression of the face which corresponds to the combined action of congenital and acquired factors such as cutaneous atrophy, bone resorption, muscular activity and skin ptosis. It is therefore not realistic to abandon any attempt to correct this complaint or to provide a universal solution to correct it; over the last four years, we have used EPTFE implants to fill the naso-labial fold: triangular, in one or two layers introduced via a gingival incision for the upper naso-labial part, with 2 mm large strips directly inserted through the skin for the lower labio-mental part. Tolerance and versatility were always remarkable; efficacy depends on the possible associated cutaneous ptosis: if major, a lifting procedure, more or less extensive, must be offered, which may also improve the projection of the malar area with an implant of the same material introduced via an oral or temporal approach. All other well known procedures (liposuction, fat grafts, collagen, etc.) may be employed but only as a complement to filling and traction procedures.
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PMID:[The naso-labial fold: analysis and proposed techniques for correction]. 170 74

N-(2,2-Diphenylethyl)adenosine (DPEA) has been identified as a potential antipsychotic agent acting via stimulation of adenosine receptors. The projected human therapeutic dose, based on animal studies, is 2-3 mg/kg. DPEA has been tested for potential toxicity in mice, rats, dogs and monkeys. Following single oral doses, median lethal dose values were approximately 10-fold greater in rats than in mice, although similar clinical signs including reduced activity, prostration, and necrosis of the tail were seen in both species. DPEA was well tolerated at daily doses up to 40 mg/kg in rats for 2 weeks. A no observed effect level (NOEL) was not identified in the dog or monkey studies. Reduced activity, dacryorrhea, ptosis, hypothermia, necrosis of the tail, and death occurred in rats given 120 and 160 mg/kg. Pathologic changes consisted of pancreatitis, gastric erosion/ulceration, lymphocyte depletion of the thymus, and pulmonary congestion and hemorrhage at 80 mg/kg or greater. In dogs, sporadic emesis was noted at 12.5 mg/kg and greater, and significant pathologic changes consisted of coronary arteritis associated with myocardial lesions and lymphocyte depletion at 25 and 50 mg/kg, pancreatic acinar necrosis at 50 mg/kg, and renal tubular degeneration at 12.5 mg/kg and greater. Emesis and depression were noted at 25 and 50 mg/kg in monkeys. Renal tubular dilatation and degeneration at 25 and 50 mg/kg were noted in the monkeys. These studies demonstrated that DPEA produced a range of adverse effects in common laboratory animal species.
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PMID:Preclinical toxicity studies of an adenosine agonist, N-(2,2-diphenylethyl) adenosine. 187 77

The mortality rate for posterior communicating artery (PCA) aneurysm with oculomotor nerve palsy is 33 per 100. The incidence of oculomotor palsy with PCA aneurysm varies from 34% to 56%. The classic presentation of a PCA aneurysm involving the oculomotor nerve is sudden onset of severe unilateral frontal headache, ptosis, a dilated and fixed pupil, and limitations of adduction, depression, and elevation of the eye. Carotid arteriography is diagnostic. This case is presented because of the high probability of being seen first by a primary care physician. Delay in clinical recognition and treatment can have dire consequences for the patient.
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PMID:Oculomotor nerve palsy from posterior communicating artery aneurysm. 194 May 64


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