Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A gradual increase in spontaneous lymphocyte DNA synthesis was demonstrated in each trimester of pregnancy. Autoradiographic studies indicated that lymphocytes were primarily responsible for this activity. PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation in both fetal calf serum and autologous serum was significantly reduced in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Spontaneous lymphocyte DNA synthesis was significantly reduced in patients with mild pre-eclampsia. However, no significant differences were seen in patients with severe pre-eclampsia in the third trimester of pregnancy compared with the normal control subjects. No evidence was adduced to implicate inhibitory humoral factors affecting the peripheral blood lymphocytes in pregnany patients in experiments in which washed lymphocytes were cultured in medium containing heterologous serum. In vitro experiments demonstrated that cortisol, progesterone and HPL caused a significant reduction in lymphocyte DNA synthesis, and HGH and HCG had a variable effect. However, only cortisol was regularly inhibitory at physiological concentrations. The progesterone effect was dose-related, producing 90 per cent inhibition of activity at a concentration of 10 mug/ml. No synergism could be shown between HPL and progesterone on lymphocyte transformation. The increase in activity of circulating immunoreactive cells during pregnancy and its depression with the onset of pre-eclampsia is discussed.
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PMID:Changes in lymphocyte function during pregnancy. 125 92

Cellular immunity and blood serum levels of parathyroid hormone have been studied in patients with gestoses depending on the disease severity. Progressive immune depression accompanied by a parallel drop in parathyroid hormone level up to critical values has been demonstrated in patients with eclampsia. The patients with pre-eclampsia were treated postoperatively with t-activin. Cellular immunity was compared in patients on and off t-activin. A marked immunostimulating effect of the drug on T-lymphocytes and especially on theophylline-resistant T-lymphocyte subpopulations has been revealed. The effect of t-activin was most marked on the 3rd-5th day of the postoperative period.
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PMID:[The use of T-activin in the intensive therapy of the postoperative period in gestosis patients]. 148 74

In severe preeclampsia, short-term peripartum management of hypertension with hydralazine is complicated by relatively prolonged hypotensive episodes, resulting in fetal distress. We hypothesized that nitroprusside's rapid onset and brief antihypertensive action would permit more controlled blood pressure reduction. Nitroprusside was infused into 10 invasively monitored subjects until mean arterial pressure either 1) was gradually reduced 10-20% or 2) fell abruptly. Subjects fell into two groups, defined by whether the hypotensive effect of nitroprusside was accompanied by a fall in heart rate (group A, n = 8) or a rise (group B, n = 2). Group B showed the expected sinoaortic baroreceptor reflex elevations in heart rate (+17 +/- 6 beats/min) in response to moderate falls in mean arterial pressure (-32 +/- 9 mm Hg) elicited by moderate doses (1.03 +/- 0.23 micrograms/kg/min). However in group A, steep reductions in mean arterial pressure (-75 +/- 22 mm Hg, p less than 0.0001), significantly greater than in group B (p less than 0.05), occurred at much lower doses (0.35 +/- 0.23 micrograms/kg/min; p less than 0.05) and were accompanied by falls in heart rate (-21 +/- 7 beats/min). The apparently paradoxical falls in heart rate and extreme hypotensive responses in group A indicate severe circulatory compromise, corresponding to the cardiac and vasomotor depression that characterizes severe hemorrhage and other forms of acute/severe hypovolemic hypotension. This hemodynamic pattern represents a cardiopulmonary baroreceptor reflex presumably related to the Bezold-Jarisch reflex. The appearance of this pattern in the present study probably reflects the imposition of nitroprusside's prominent venous dilator action on the relatively reduced blood volume that generally characterizes severe preeclampsia.
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PMID:Nitroprusside in preeclampsia. Circulatory distress and paradoxical bradycardia. 186 Jul 15

In 521 pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders (PHD) and in 200 control cases, we studied the incidence of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), depression in the newborns, general morbidity of live newborns requiring admission and perinatal mortality. We also analyzed the relationship between these conditions and the type and severity of hypertension, gestational age, presence of symptoms of the classic EPH triad and of abnormal uric acid values, hemoconcentration, and low urinary estriol values. Perinatal mortality (especially antepartum) was significantly increased in severe pre-eclampsia, chronic hypertension and chronic hypertension with superimposed pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH); in all the cases with PHD it was three times higher than that of the control group (59% versus 20% and five times higher than the global perinatal mortality of the 25,763 deliveries attended during the same period (12% General morbidity reached 44% in severe pre-eclampsia and 75% in antepartum eclampsia. But the preterminal deliveries were also more frequent in PHD, especially in severe pre-eclampsia-eclampsia. Nevertheless, the perinatal morbidity and mortality in general increased when proteinuria and edema plus proteinuria were associated with hypertension, and the incidence was significantly higher when proteinuria surpassed 100 mg/dl. Morbimortality also increased in the presence of hemoconcentration, hyperuricemia, and low estrioluria.
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PMID:Perinatal morbidity and mortality in pregnancy hypertensive disorders: prognostic value of the clinical and laboratory findings. 197 14

The effect of severity of hypertension on fetal heart rate tracing changes and neonatal outcomes was evaluated on all patients with hypertension seen in 1980 and 1981 (666 cases, 10% of the pregnant population) in the Chicago-Lying In Hospital. The patients were grouped according to severity of hypertension, and the fetal heart rate monitoring, drugs administered, mode of delivery, and neonatal outcome were analyzed. Half of the patients (326) had mild hypertension and 13% (87) had severe hypertension; the remainder (253) had moderate hypertension. There were 49% primiparous and 51% multiparous women. The diagnosis of preeclampsia was made in 76% of cases, and chronic hypertension in 19%. Only 12% of the total were premature by dates, but 47% of this group were among the severe group. Oxytocin was given to 50%, whereas delivery was spontaneous in 56% of cases, and by cesarean section in 22%. This was higher among the severe hypertension group (37%), and the prematurity rate was 47%. Nonstress testing was done in one third of cases and only nonreactivity was associated with neonatal death. Neonatal depression (Apgar score less than 6 at 5 minutes) was significantly associated with intrapartum fixed baseline and late decelerations; these were the best predictors of fetal outcome. The administration of magnesium sulfate, hydralazine, meperidine, or morphine did not predictably affect the fetal heart rate pattern. The perinatal mortality was 21% in the mild group and 36% and 138%, respectively, among moderate and severe cases of hypertension. Close antepartum and intrapartum surveillance, including proper fetal monitoring, should help to reduce risks for mother and fetus through timely intervention.
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PMID:Effects of hypertension on pregnancy monitoring and results. 222 Sep 23

Simultaneous maternal indirect blood pressure measurements, electronic fetal heart rate monitoring, and ultrasonographic biophysical profile testing were used to assess maternal-fetal homeostasis in gravid ewes during gestational days 127 to 134 (term 146), during a 72-hour fast, and during treatment with thromboxane synthetase inhibitors CGS13080 and CGS12970. Seventy-five percent of the ewes (12 of 16) developed clinical signs of ovine pregnancy-induced hypertension, including maternal hypertension and fetal depression. In three untreated hypertensive ewes, pregnancy was terminated by spontaneous premature delivery, and one maternal death occurred after an eclamptic seizure. All nine ewes treated with one of the two thromboxane synthetase inhibitors responded to therapy with decreases in blood pressure and resolution of fetal depression. These nine ewes completed gestation, and were delivered at term. These data indicate that therapy with thromboxane synthetase inhibitors in this animal model of preeclampsia results in profoundly beneficial effects and suggest that further studies of thromboxane synthetase inhibitors are warranted in preeclampsia.
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PMID:Effects of thromboxane synthetase inhibition on maternal-fetal homeostasis in gravid ewes with ovine pregnancy-induced hypertension. 258 56

The management of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia with chlormethiazole is reviewed. Chlormethiazole, magnesium sulphate and benzodiazepines were found to be easy to administer, rapidly acting and effective in controlling convulsions. Respiratory depression in the fetus was found to be shorter lived when using chlormethiazole than the other two treatments.
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PMID:Clinical experiences and a review of chlormethiazole in the management of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. 346 51

It has been reported that patients with preeclampsia have decreased levels of antithrombin III heparin cofactor and that the degree of depression parallels the severity of disease. To determine the time course of development and resolution of this deficiency, and to gain insight into the cause of this deficiency, plasma antithrombin III antigen and heparin cofactor activity levels were measured serially in 11 women with mild preeclampsia. Although the ATIII antigen level remained stable during the antepartum period, the level of heparin cofactor was noted to fall progressively during the antepartum period. Both ATIII antigen and heparin cofactor increased promptly postpartum. The discrepancy between the levels of ATIII antigen and heparin cofactor activity suggests that in both mild and severe preeclampsia there is utilization of antithrombin III to form inactive protease inhibitor complexes.
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PMID:Heparin cofactor activity and antithrombin III antigen levels in preeclampsia. 376 1

Beta-adrenergic agonists tocolysis is currently the most popular treatment modality in the United States. However, magnesium sulfate is receiving increasing attention as an alternating tocolytic agent in the presence of various clinical situations, such as the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes. While there is an abundance of information about the maternal and fetal side effects associated with beta-adrenergic tocolysis, little information is available about maternal adverse side effects of magnesium sulfate treatment for preterm labor. Side effects such as pulmonary edema, respiratory depression, hypocalcemia, and hypermagnesemia have been reported in patients receiving this agent for either tocolysis or pre-eclampsia, though their occurrence is quite rare. One of the infrequent complications of beta-adrenergic agonist tocolysis is the occurrence of a paralytic ileus, which to our knowledge has not yet been reported in association with magnesium sulfate tocolysis. This article therefore concerns the development of a paralytic ileus in a patient receiving parenteral magnesium sulfate for tocolysis. The clinical features are described and the possible mechanisms involved discussed.
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PMID:Maternal paralytic ileus as a complication of magnesium sulfate tocolysis. 383 78

The coagulation and fibrinolytic mechanisms were investigated in a group of patients with severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia and the findings were compared with those of healthy women in late pregnancy. In patients with pre-eclampsia the following significant differences were found: (1) greater depression of plasma fibrinolytic activity (euglobulin lysis time) than in normal pregnancy, (2) a higher level of inhibitor to urokinaseinduced lysis, (3) increased levels of serum fibrin degradation products, and (4) reduced platelet counts.In patients with eclampsia a progressive increase of the level of serum fibrin degradation products was found over the three days following eclamptic seizures. No such increase occurred after grand mal seizures in late pregnancy. The findings in this study support the view that intravascular clotting is taking place in pre-eclampsia and that this disturbance of the balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis may be localized to certain areas of the vascular compartment, particularly the placental and renal circulations. Fibrin deposition in the maternal vessels supplying the placenta would impair the placental blood flow, which may explain the placental insufficiency which occurs in pre-eclampsia. Likewise fibrin deposition in the renal vasculature will result in glomerular damage and proteinuria. Hypertension may be related to the renal ischaemic changes or a compensatory response to the presence of fibrin deposition in the vascular compartment. This evidence of intravascular fibrin deposition raises the question of the possible therapeutic value of antithrombotic agents to inhibit the clotting process. On a theoretical basis such treatment might be expected to improve blood flow to the placenta and thereby fetal growth.
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PMID:Coagulation and fibrinolytic systems in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. 499 19


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