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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This cross-sectional study examines the prevalence of psychological distress and depression among 116 polio survivors. It investigates demographic, medical, and coping differences between subjects with (n = 17) and without (n = 99) these symptoms. Subjects were administered the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), the Coping with Disability Inventory (CDI), and a questionnaire about their polio histories. The BSI provided measures of psychological distress and depression that defined the subgroups. The CDI assessed coping behaviors. BSI scores for the overall sample were within the normal range indicating no major distress, depression, nor elevated somatic complaints. Several significant differences were found between the two subgroups. On average, depressed/distressed subjects reported an increase in pain (p < .01) and further deterioration of their medical status since the time of their physical best subsequent to the onset of polio (p < .01). They consistently rated their health as poorer than did nondepressed/nondistressed subjects (p < .001). They also reported less satisfaction with life and their occupational status (p < .001) and displayed poorer coping behaviors combined (p < .001). Selected variables such as life satisfaction, pain, decrease in activity, and current living situation accounted for 51% of the variance when predicting distress and depression among this group of polio survivors.
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PMID:Prevalence and associated features of depression and psychological distress in polio survivors. 821 56

This study examined differences between depressed and nondepressed individuals with a history of paralytic poliomyelitis in terms of demographics, health status and coping strategies. The prevalence of distress and depression in this group of 116 polio survivors was determined. Subjects completed the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Coping with Disability Inventory and a questionnaire concerning their polio histories and self-perceptions of health. Medical assessments were performed by physicians. Only 15.8% of the sample had scores indicating depression and elevated distress. Depressed/distressed polio survivors were more likely to: be living alone, be experiencing further health status deterioration, seek professional help, view their health as poor, report greater pain, be less satisfied with their occupational status and their lives in general and exhibit poorer coping outcome behaviors in relation to their disability. Three factors in coping with the late effects of polio were identified through a factor analysis of the Coping with Disability Inventory: positive self-acceptance, information seeking/sharing about the disability and social activism. Differences between depressed/distressed and other polio survivors were found across these three factors, with depressed/distressed subjects having significantly lower coping scores. These and other results are discussed.
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PMID:Coping with the late effects: differences between depressed and nondepressed polio survivors. 830 78

Postviral fatigue syndrome (PFS) occurs both in epidemics and sporadically. Many of the original epidemics were related to poliomyelitis outbreaks which either preceded or followed them. The core clinical symptoms are always the same: severe fatigue made worse by exercise, myalgia, night sweats, atypical depression and excessive sleep. The other common symptoms include dysequilibrium disorders and irritable bowel syndrome. We have detected enteroviral genome sequences in muscle biopsies from cases of PFS, using specific enteroviral oligonucleotide primers in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, whole virus particles can be demonstrated in PCR-positive muscle, using solid-phase immuno-electron microscopy. An increase in the number and size of muscle mitochondria was found in 70% of PFS cases, suggesting an abnormality in metabolic function. Evidence of hypothalamic dysfunction was present, particularly involving 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism. A putative model of PFS, based on persistent enteroviral infection in laboratory mice, revealed resolving inflammatory lesions in muscle with, however, a marked increase in the production of certain cytokines in the brain. This model may help to explain the pathogenesis of PFS.
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PMID:Enteroviruses and postviral fatigue syndrome. 838 8

The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life of patients under home mechanical ventilation (HMV) for restrictive lung disease, with the quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), having similar decrease in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), but not receiving HMV. Sixteen patients who were receiving intermittent HMV (six post-tuberculosis, four post-poliomyelitis, two neuromuscular diseases, two kyphoscoliosis, two obesity-hypoventilation syndromes) were compared to 15 COPD patients who were receiving only usual conservative treatment, including long-term oxygen therapy. Dyspnoea scores, anxiety, depression, and psychosocial scores, as well as a panel of functional parameters were measured. The two groups did not differ in terms of functional impairment. However, patients under HMV had much better scores for anxiety, depression, and adjustment to illness than COPD patients. Scores for dyspnoea at rest were also better in the HMV group, but showed no relationship to quality of life. In spite of a cumbersome and intrusive type of treatment, patients under home mechanical ventilation for predominantly restrictive lung disease were found to have a better quality of life than chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients under conservative therapy. In the first group, a longer history of coping with a chronic disease and the perception that medical intervention is effective may in part account for this difference.
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PMID:Quality of life of patients under home mechanical ventilation for restrictive lung diseases: a comparative evaluation with COPD patients. 876 89

The aim of the study was to seek knowledge of psychological and psychosocial aspects of coping with late effects of polio. Sixty-three polio survivors, 43 women and 20 men (mean age 55.3 years) 3-5 years ago former inpatients at the Post-Polio Program at Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, participated in the study. In addition to a semi-structured interview-guide, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD), the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), Cope-Scale, Brief Type-A Questionnaire (BTAQ) and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) were used. As a measure of physical status, we used working capacity defined as peak O2 (oxygen) uptake. Levels of working capacity did not correlate significantly with any psychological variables, and the subjects reporting improved psychological health over the last 3-5 years did not have higher levels of working capacity or less physical decrement. A significant correlation was found between self-reported fatigue. psychological variables and social support. Compared to previous studies, low psychological distress, normal type-A scores, high adjustment and problem-focused coping characterized the respondents, pointing to the importance of timing in psychosocial research of post-polio.
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PMID:Psychological distress, social support and coping behaviour among polio survivors: a 5-year perspective on 63 polio patients. 913 54

The chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) has been intensively studied over the last 40 years, but no conclusions have yet been agreed as to its cause. Most cases nowadays are sporadic. In the established chronic condition there are no consistently abnormal physical signs or abnormalities on laboratory investigation. Many physicians remain convinced that the symptoms are psychological rather than physical in origin. This view is reinforced by the emotional way in which many patients present themselves. The overlap of symptoms between CFS and depression remains a source of confusion and difficulty. But even if all CFS patients were rediagnosed as depressives, this would not negate the possibility of an underlying organic cause for the condition, in view of the growing evidence that depression itself has a physical cause and responds best to physical treatments. There is some evidence both for active viral infection and for an immunological disorder in the CFS. Many observations suggest that the syndrome could derive from residual damage to the reticular activating system (RAS) of the upper brain stem and/or to its cortical projections. Such damage could be produced by a previous viral infection, leaving functional defects unaccompanied by any gross histological changes. In animal experiments activation of the RAS can change sleep state and activate or stimulate cortical functions. RAS lesions can produce somnolence and apathy. Studies by modern imaging techniques have not been entirely consistent, but many magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies already suggest that small discrete patchy brain stem and subcortical lesions can often be seen in CFS. Regional blood flow studies by single photon-emission computerized tomography (SPECT) have been more consistent. They have revealed blood flow reductions in many regions, especially in the hind brain. Similar lesions have been reported after poliomyelitis and in multiple sclerosis--in both of which conditions chronic fatigue is characteristically present. In the well-known post-polio fatigue syndrome, lesions predominate in the RAS of the brain stem. If similar underlying lesions in the RAS can eventually be identified in CFS, the therapeutic target for CFS would be better defined than it is at present. A number of logical approaches to treatment can already be envisaged.
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PMID:Chronic fatigue syndrome--aetiological aspects. 946 37

The UN International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) disclosed the dreadful health situation in the former Soviet Bloc. According to the report, "After the Fall: The Human Impact of Ten Years Transition," women and children in the former communist republic have suffered hard from both economic and social problems. Findings on health are particularly upsetting, especially with the re-emergence of the virtually eliminated "poverty diseases" such as diphtheria, poliomyelitis, tuberculosis, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) including HIV infection. Cases of diphtheria in Russia and Ukraine increased to 43,000 in 1998 from 1900 in 1990. Western parts of the former Soviet Union are now suffering from the reappearance of tuberculosis (10% affecting children), syphilis (221 cases per 100,000 population), and STDs, while HIV infection rates were as high as 270,000 by the end of 1998. On the other hand, economic depression has given rise to increasing drug misuse, alcoholism, injury, and suicide among the young population. Patrick McCormick, a spokesperson of the UNICEF Research Center in Florence, which published the report, said "there is freedom now, but the children are paying high for that freedom and they are not in the position to benefit from it".
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PMID:Health situation in former communist bloc is dire, says Unicef. 1056 31

The aim of this study was to evaluate children with chronic disorders like hemophilia and poliomyelitis from the psychological perspective, to determine the frequency of depression, to identify the risk factors and to investigate the relation between disability and depression. Thirty-five patients with disability due to poliomyelitis and 12 patients with hemophilic arthropathy were included in the study. Thirty-six healthy children from the district schools served as controls. The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) was used to assess the extent of depression. For the hemophilia group, joint scores proposed by the World Federation of Hemophilia were used to assess the degree of joint involvement. The poliomyelitis group was evaluated according to the level of ambulation and the need for orthoses. The CDI score was 10.57 +/- 5.87 in the poliomyelitis group, 11.00 +/- 5.64 in the hemophilic arthropathy group and 8.39 +/- 3.78 in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Four of 35 patients with poliomyelitis (11.4%) and two of 12 hemophilic arthropathy patients (16%) exhibited depression. None of the children in the control group had depression. Since depression interferes with both medical compliance and rehabilitation potential, early diagnosis and treatment is important. Therefore, evaluation of the psychological status of chronically ill children must be a part of the rehabilitation program.
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PMID:Depression in children with hemophilic arthropathy and poliomyelitis: a preliminary report. 1073 65

Measurements of health-related quality of life (HRQL) have not been reported in patients with chronic alveolar hypoventilation (CAH) before starting home mechanical ventilation. The purpose of this study was to investigate quality of life in a population of such patients. Forty-four consecutive patients with CAH due to previous polio, scoliosis, healed pulmonary tuberculosis or neuromuscular disease answered a battery of condition specific and generic (Sickness Impact Profile, Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, Mood Adjective Check List) self-report questionnaires. Spirometry, arterial blood gases and overnight oxygen saturation were measured. Patients with untreated CAH had significantly impaired HRQL compared to historical data from a healthy reference population. Sleep-related problems were frequent. Age, underlying disease, and standard bicarbonate correlated significantly with HRQL measures, albeit with modest levels of explained variance (8-37%). Patients with chronic alveolar hypoventilation due to neuromuscular or restrictive chest wall disorders had severely impaired health-related quality of life. Age, the underlying disease and severity of hypoventilation are each related to the health-related quality of life decrements. Health-related quality of life measurements add important information to traditional clinical observations.
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PMID:Quality of life in patients with chronic alveolar hypoventilation. 1184 9

Few children now frequent the facilities of PROJIMO, initiated as a rehabilitation program for disabled rural children in Mexico, ever since the organization begun accepting physically disabled and socially troubled young adults. PROJIMO (the Program of Rehabilitation Organized by Disabled Youth of Western Mexico) began in 1981 as a community-based rehabilitation program run by disabled villagers. In its first years of operation, the program served primarily children suffering from disabilities caused by polio or cerebral palsy. PROJIMO quickly gained international recognition and became an inspirational model for similar programs throughout the Third World. But in 1983, PROJIMO took a decision that would transform the character of the organization. That year, after much debate, members agreed to take in Julio, a 15-year-old quadriplegic whose spinal cord injury was the result of an accidental shooting. In taking care of Julio, the team of disabled villagers had to learn an entirely new set of skills: treatment and prevention of pressure sores, the use of catheters, bowel programs, exercise activities, etc. They also had to develop ways of treating Julio's depression, giving him a sense of self-worth. Julio was followed by an influx of other young adults with spinal cord injuries. Many of these young adults came from troubled and violent backgrounds, such as Juan, an orphan who had made his way out of poverty by trafficking drugs. Juan was left paralyzed in a shootout with enemies. The new patrons have scared away PROJIMO's original audience. Parents fear bringing their disabled children to a center frequented by people raised in a culture of violence. The solution appears to be splitting PROJIMO into 2 organizations: one for disabled children and one for socially troubled adults.
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PMID:Where have all the children gone? PROJIMO. 1215 67


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