Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are cells with unique characteristics because of their localization in the aerobic environment and are receiving stimuli by inhalation. To estimate the functional changes of AMs induced by inflammation, a murine model of aspiration pneumonia was made by an intratracheal injection with carragheenan, whose mortality rate was approximately 25%. The cell component which increased predominantly in the inflammatory site was polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and the number of AMs did not show a remarkable increment. Control group showed a high level of intracellular oxidation of 2'7'-dichlorofluorescin (DCFH) by AMs, while that in carragheenan-treated mice decreased significantly (p < 0.05). There were two populations in AMs classified according to the oxidative activity of DCFH; the population showing high oxidative activity of DCFH was asialo GM1 positive, in contrast, that with lower oxidative activity was asialo GM1 negative. Decrease in DCFH-oxidative activity of AMs in control group was observed after a treatment with KCN or deferoxamine. But in the carragheenan-treated group, this decrease was not observed after treatment with KCN. These results show that both oxygen-derived radical produced in mitochondria, which is inhibited by KCN, and cytoplasmic OH radical, which is selectively inhibited by deferoxamine, are concerned with intracellular oxidation of DCFH by AMs, and that a decrease in DCFH-oxidative activity in the carragheenan-treated group was attributed to the depression of mitochondrial respiration. Nevertheless, increased expressions of Ia and F4/80 in AMs of the carragheenan-treated group were observed and phagocytic activity was well preserved at the control level. These results suggest that AMs may play a crucial role, as well as differentiated phagocytes possessing antigen-presenting ability and/or digestive activity against various types of foreign bodies despite showing an obvious decrement in oxidative activity. These results imply that AMs have a strong oxidative activity and deal with various types of antigens in normal states, but in case of acute inflammation they will change into mature type macrophages with high expression of class II molecules which correlates with an antigen-presenting capacity.
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PMID:Functional changes of alveolar macrophages in carragheenan-induced aspiration pneumonia model mice. 128 98

The purpose of our study was to reanalyze the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ; Blatt, D'Afflitti, & Quinlan, 1976, 1979) and to evaluate relationships between the questionnaire's factors and other construct-related measures, the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock, & Erbaugh, 1961) and the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (Edwards, 1959). We argue that composite scores derived from this study's principal components analysis are more interpretively useful than the original factor scales reported by Blatt et al. (1976; Blatt, Quinlan, Chevron, McDonald, & Zuroff, 1982). Correlational evidence reported in this study does not support the Dependency and Self-Criticism factors as adequate representations of anaclitic and introjective depression (Blatt, 1974). The third DEQ factor scale, Efficacy, as revised for this study, demonstrated moderate to strong associations with other personality measures.
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PMID:Subtypes of depression, efficacy, and the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire. 149 63

We report an autopsy case of a 73 year-old female with idiopathic parkinsonism, characterized pathologically by the wide spread appearance of Lewy bodies (LBs) not only in the pigmented neurons in the midbrain and brainstem but also in the cerebral cortex. Initial symptoms at the age of 62 were finger tremor and gait disturbance, which were followed mainly by mental deterioration, such as regression, dependency, auditory hallucination, depression, emotional incontinence, and a personality change. In the terminal stage, nuchal stiffness in extension, one of the hallmarks of progressive supranuclear palsy, and slow and generalized tremor in all 4 extremities were noted. She died of aspiration pneumonia. The brain was somewhat small and weighed 1100 g after the fixation by formalin. Macroscopical findings included mild cerebral atrophy with mild pial thickening both in the frontal and temporal lobes and slight expansion of the ventricular system. Histopathologically, severe loss of neuronal cells in both the pallidum and Luy's body and moderate loss of large cells in the putamen were noted in addition to the typical findings of Parkinson's disease in the substantia nigra and locus caeruleus including neuronal cell loss, depigmentation, and gliosis. These findings in the basal ganglia were more conspicuous than the two controls of classical Parkinson's disease. The distribution, stainability in the routine methods of staining, and shape of Lewy bodies in the cerebral cortex conformed to those of previous reports. The similar case reports in the literatures do not seem to have paid much attention to the findings of the basal ganglia observed in our case.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[An autopsy case of idiopathic parkinsonism with numerous Lewy bodies in the cerebral cortex--diffuse Lewy body disease]. 165 48

The purpose of the study reported in this article was to examine the relationships between locus of control and level of depression in younger adult and midlife registered mental health nurses (MHNs) in relation to each other and as a function of sex role orientation. On the basis of C. G. Jung's (1954) theory of individuation, the following hypotheses were derived: (a) MHNs with an androgynous sex role orientation will have a higher internal locus of control than MHNs with a nonandrogynous sex role orientation; (b) MHNs with an androgynous sex role orientation will be less depressed than nonandrogynous sex role-oriented MHNs, and (c) midlife MHNs will be more androgynous in sex role orientation than younger MHNs. Thirty-six participants, all working female registered mental health nurses between the ages of 30 and 59, were placed in the midlife group (age 41-59) or the young adult group (age 31-40) on the basis of self-indicated age. Two groups of female MHNs (younger adult and midlife women) were compared with each other by means of the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (Spence, Helmreich, & Stapp, 1975), used to assess sex role orientation (androgynous or nonandrogynous: cross-typed, sex-typed, or undifferentiated); Rotter's (1966) Locus of Control Scale, used to assess internal or external (I-E) locus of control; and the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock, & Erbaugh, 1961), used to assess level of depression. In regards to all three hypotheses, no statistically significant associations were found among the study variables. The strengths and weakness of the present study were reviewed. The theoretical and practical implications of the results were discussed, and directions for future research were considered.
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PMID:Locus of control and depression as a function of sex role orientation in two age groups of mental health nurses. 193 38

Observation of long single filaments of Bacillus subtilis 168 in depression slide cultures demonstrated that one end rotated relative to the other during growth. This was observed with suspended filaments, filaments attached to glass surfaces and single stranded filaments folded back on themselves growing as a double stranded helix. This extends Mendelson's 1976 conclusion to cases with no alternative interpretation to the hypothesis that as each cell grows, the structure of the peptidoglycan changes to rotate one end relative to the other.
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PMID:The relative rotation of the ends of Bacillus subtilis during growth. 211 63

The cognitive factors measured by the Allen Cognitive Level Test (ACL) (Allen, 1982) as well as the test's relationship to level of psychopathology were examined through a retrospective study of 71 patients from a general hospital psychiatry unit. Pearson correlations, computed for the ACL score with the Shipley Institute of Living Scale (Shipley, 1940), a general measure of intellectual functioning, were significant. A strong correlation was found between the ACL and the Symbol-Digit Modalities Test (Smith, 1982), a measure of motor speed and concentration often used as a neurological screening instrument. This suggests the potential usefulness of the ACL to screen for cognitive dysfunctions associated with organicity. Contrary to hypothesis, there was no significant correlation between the ACL and measures of psychopathology such as the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock, & Erbaugh, 1961) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (Hathaway & McKinley, 1940). The relationship of the ACL to other recognized measures of cognitive functioning increases its usefulness as a valid measure of day-to-day limitations in the functioning of psychiatric patients. Effective communication of the implications of these cognitive levels to a multidisciplinary treatment team is enhanced by knowledge of the relationship of the ACL to measures of cognitive functioning and psychopathology used by other disciplines.
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PMID:The relationship of the Allen Cognitive Level Test to cognitive abilities and psychopathology. 235 18

Two fatal cases of Japanese pieris poisoning in goats are reported. The clinical symptoms of the two animals consisted in vomiting, salivation, excitation and depression. Despite rumenotomy and symptomatic treatment, the goats died within four days after the onset of the symptoms. Pulmonary oedema accompanied by lobular aspiration pneumonia was found to be present in one goat at autopsy. Hyperaemia, pulmonary oedema and acute tubular nephrosis were observed in the other animal.
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PMID:[Pieris japonica pieris poisoning in 2 goats]. 337 72

The present study used the Restraint Scale (Herman & Polivy, 1975) and the Binge Scale (Hawkins & Clement, 1980) to identify two distinct groups of college students: those who scored high on both scales ("restrained/binge eaters") and those who scored low on both scales ("unrestrained/nonbinge eaters"). Following subject identification, 26 restrained/binge females, 25 unrestrained/nonbinge females, 14 restrained/binge males, and 13 unrestrained/nonbinge males were administered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock & Erbaugh, 1961), the California Psychological Inventory (CPI; Gough, 1975), and a questionnaire on bulimic symptoms (based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, American Psychiatric Association, 1980) that allowed each subject to be classified as bulimic, binge eater, or normal eater. All of the students identified as bulimic were from the restrained/binge group and that group contained twice as many binge eaters as the unrestrained/nonbinge group. Students in the restrained/binge group were found to be more depressed than students in the unrestrained/nonbinge group and less well adjusted in areas of socialization, maturity, responsibility, and intrapersonal structuring of values. Results may be suggestive of personality factors tht predispose one to develop eating disturbances and/or useful in directing therapeutic intervention.
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PMID:Personality characteristics of restrained/binge eaters versus unrestrained/nonbinge eaters. 346 92

A 30-year-old female patient presented in a comatose state with clinical and radiographic signs of aspiration pneumonia 16 hours following elective surgery. Subsequent clinical assessment and investigations revealed the characteristic facies, proximal muscle weakness, lenticular opacities, pulmonary function defects, arterial desaturation and abnormal breathing during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep often associated with myotonia dystrophica. Although these characteristic features were evident on clinical examination postoperatively they were not noted in the preoperative assessment. The aspiration pneumonia and coma were unusual presenting features of this disease. Unsuspected myotonia dystrophica should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained respiratory depression, aspiration or comatose state following surgery. Recognition of the disorder during the preoperative assessment is the key to avoiding complications during the perioperative management of such patients.
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PMID:Aspiration pneumonia and coma--an unusual presentation of dystrophic myotonia. 377 3

366 charts are reviewed of patients admitted to the ICU of the Lausanne University Department of Medicine during 5 consecutive years for psychotropic drug overdose and treated by supportive management. 25% were severely intoxicated and 46 patients required ventilatory support either for aspiration pneumonia or CNS depression. The mortality rate was 0.5% and mean stay in the ICU 2.8 days. Neither the two deaths nor the complications (already established upon admission or within 6 hours of presentation) could have been prevented by hemoperfusion. The efficiency of conservative management raises questions about the value of extrarenal clearance technics in the absence of concurrent renal failure.
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PMID:[Prognosis of acute psychotropic drug poisoning. The Lausanne experience]. 711 64


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