Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To evaluate the persistence of depression in alcoholic women, depressive symptomatology was assessed systematically via the Beck Depression Inventory at intake, 3, and 6 months of treatment. Fifty-five female alcoholics were diagnosed for concurrent psychiatric diagnosis. Results revealed differences in the course of depression for female alcoholics with (a) no concurrent diagnosis, (b) dysthymic disorder, and (c) personality disorder. Despite a decrease in depression for the sample as a whole, dysthymic alcoholics were consistently more depressed than the other two subgroups and remained depressed during the first 6 months of treatment. Depression did not significantly remit with sobriety.
 ...
PMID:Six-month course of depression in female alcoholics. 213 22

Somatization disorder (SD), a chronic psychiatric illness that affects about 1% of adult women, is characterized by multiple somatic complaints. It should be suspected in any woman who presents with a vague or complicated history; unaccountable non-responsiveness to therapy; dramatic, seductive or demanding personality style; family history of personality disorder; sexual abuse as a child; substance abuse; or depression with atypical features. Its cause is unknown, although both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated. At follow-up, patients with SD continue to have somatic symptoms, but many improve with therapy. Nearly two thirds of patients with SD attempt suicide, but few complete it; however, completions may be more common than formerly realized. There is no specific treatment for SD, but management can be organized around the following ABCs: Accommodate initially to forge rapport; Behavior modification (ignore symptoms, praise for improved behavior); Confrontation later about effects of behavior style; Decrease drugs gradually, with praise for reduction; Educate about course and meaning of illness; Family involvement to give information and help with treatment; Guilt should be assuaged in physicians, who may blame themselves when patients do not improve; Hospitalize (closed psychiatric unit) only for serious suicide risk, substance abuse, or other extreme behavior; and Intercurrent depression should be treated conservatively.
 ...
PMID:Managing somatization disorder. 220 56

Fifty-two consecutive inpatients with nonpsychotic unipolar major depression were assessed for response to 1 week of hospitalization without antidepressants. Each was rated at admission and at 1 week using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD). Fifteen of 52 responded (HRSD score less than or equal to 12), 10 of whom improved by greater than or equal to 50% change in the HRSD score. Five variables were correlated with lack of hospital response: DSM-III melancholia, panic disorder, the DSM-III-R item "absence of personality disorder," admission severity, and age. Multiple regression showed an independent association between hospital outcome and the first three variables. Response to 1 week of hospitalization was found in 70% (14 of 20) of the patients who had none of the three identified predictors: melancholia, panic, and absence of personality disorder. In patients with one or more of these predictors, only 3% (1 of 32) responded.
 ...
PMID:Predictors of hospital outcome without antidepressants in major depression. 221 58

This article reports on two studies which examined the temporal stability of the personality disorder subscales from the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI). The scales demonstrated adequate stability in psychiatric inpatients (retested with an average of just over 1 year between testings). Furthermore, a separate sample of depressed inpatients assessed when depressed and 6 weeks later showed that the stability of MCMI personality scales was observed even after patients displayed an initial reduction in depression severity. Although stability is vital to the accurate assessment of personality disorders, both studies also found high retest correlations for the MCMI clinical syndrome subscales. In general, these results suggest that patients displayed similar symptom patterns over time, whether construed as personality traits or characteristic patterns of responding when symptomatic.
 ...
PMID:Retest reliability of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory. 223 Dec 40

Two self-report questionnaires (MCMI and BSI) designed to measure personality disorder (PD) according to DSM-III (R) criteria were administered to patients with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (AN) (n = 19), bulimia nervosa (BN) (n = 16), or both diagnoses (AN + BN) (n = 9), both before and after treatment for the eating disorder. The main finding was that self-reported Personality Disorder (PD) diagnoses are not stable enduring characteristics among this group of eating disorder patients. A high rate of PD diagnoses occurred in all patient groups at admission (93%) and at discharge (79%). Both MCMI and BSI scales were subject to significant change following treatment. A high prevalence of borderline personality disorder was found in patients with BN. Changes in depression and self-esteem scores correlated most strongly with changes in schizoid, schizotypal, histrionic and narcissistic scales. Assessment of PD using self-report measures should be interpreted with caution in acutely symptomatic patients with eating disorders.
 ...
PMID:Personality disorders in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. 226 14

A reactive form of dependence has been proposed to occur when a person is undergoing a period of substantial stress and change. The present study assessed 114 psychiatric inpatients categorized according to the presence or absence of social loss and their level of emotional reliance on others. Both emotional reliance and social loss were related to a variety of depressive symptoms. A significant interaction was observed between emotional reliance and social loss on depression severity as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). In general, subjects high in emotional reliance but experiencing no social loss displayed higher levels of depression than emotionally reliant subjects who had undergone a social loss. Patients reporting high emotional reliance on others, in the aftermath of a social loss, may be reacting to the loss and suffer from less-severe and less-chronic pathology. Subjects reporting excessive emotional reliance in the absence of any precipitating exit event may be displaying more of a trait-like pathology. Personality disorder pathology should occur with such frequency and intensity so it can be observed even when obvious eliciting stimuli are absent.
 ...
PMID:Emotional reliance and social loss: effects on depressive symptomatology. 228 Mar 27

The self-reports of a sample of 248 male psychiatric patients on the MCMI-II (Millon, 1987) were factor analyzed at the item level. Principal components analyses with both Varimax and Direct Oblimin rotations were carried out separately on 120 personality disorder items and 51 clinical symptom items. As judged by the scree test, seven factors accounted for the personality disorder items, and five factors accounted for the symptom items. The personality disorder factors were interpreted as Schizotypal, Social Introversion vs. Extraversion, Conformity, Submissive vs. Aggressive, Antisocial, Narcissism, and Hostile Aggression. The symptom factors were hypothesized to represent Depression/Anxiety, Alcohol Dependence, Suicidal Ideation, Hypomania, and Drug Dependence. Agreement with a similar analysis of the MCMI-I was close.
 ...
PMID:Personality and symptom dimensions of the MCMI-II: an item factor analysis. 228 65

The study examined agreement between personality disorder diagnoses obtained using two structured interviews and the effect of depression on the diagnoses obtained. Twenty subjects were interviewed while depressed, using the Personality Disorder Examination and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorder; both interviews are designed to yield DSM-III-R personality disorder diagnoses. Eighteen subjects were reinterviewed later, 17 after recovery. Diagnostic agreement between the two instruments for any disorder was fair (kappa = 0.38). Kappas for the personality disorder clusters ranged from 0.08 to 0.83. Kappas for individual personality disorders ranged from 0.18 for paranoid disorder to 0.62 for borderline disorder. While the depressive state did not consistently affect categorical diagnoses, dimensional scores tended to be higher when patients were depressed. A dimensional profile, in which scores on each disorder are generated for subjects, may be more reliable than categorical diagnoses derived from the same instrument.
 ...
PMID:A comparison of two interviews for DSM-III-R personality disorders. 234 13

This article is a short review of associations between depression and suicide, and formed part of a symposium held in Munich in August 1988 to discuss toxicity in antidepressive therapy. The association between depressive disorders and suicide is well documented. The detailed characteristics of this association, however, are still under discussion. Phenomenological aspects of depression seem to be more important than nosological ones, especially associations between personality traits, aggression and depression. Differentiation of depressions into primary and secondary depressive disorders (the latter as consequences of somatic or especially other mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, personality disorder, or alcoholism) can be a fruitful approach to elucidating differences in the suicide pattern of these different disorders. Recurrent depressive episodes, although they may be short, may have as severe mental symptoms as more longstanding episodes and thus partly explain suicide in nonpsychiatric as well as psychiatric populations. Ways of preventing suicide are discussed from biological and clinical perspectives.
 ...
PMID:Depression and suicide. 240 88

Experience at University Hospitals of Cleveland with 71 cases of Gardner and Diamond's syndrome of autoerythrocyte sensitization is reviewed. Gardner and Diamond attributed the pathogenesis of the inflammatory bruises typical of this syndrome to sensitization to the stroma of the patients' own erythrocytes, as demonstrated by reproduction of the lesion on intracutaneous injection of erythrocytic stroma. Nearly all the cases my colleagues and I have seen were in adult women, in whom the onset of inflammatory bruising could often be precisely dated, frequently some weeks after an injury or surgical procedure or, more often, severe emotional stress. Bouts of bruising were often preceded by sensations localized to the affected site. Cutaneous responses to the injection of erythrocytes were erratic. The patients described a wide range of both hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic complaints, including, among others, severe headaches, paresthesias, repeated syncope, diplopia (sometimes monocular), and "nervousness." Psychiatric studies indicated that patients had overt depression, sexual problems, feelings of hostility, and obsessive-compulsive behavior. The patients had traits that can be described as typical of a hysterical character disorder. Therapy of autoerythrocyte sensitization--that is, psychogenic purpura--has been difficult; in younger individuals, psychiatric therapy has appeared to be beneficial.
 ...
PMID:Psychogenic purpura (autoerythrocyte sensitization): an unsolved dilemma. 248 28


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>