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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although early Homo specimens are now known from a number of African, Asian and European Middle Pleistocene sites, the taxon Homo heidelbergensis was initially introduced for the Mauer jaw recovered in 1907. Fossil hominids from the earlier Middle Pleistocene of Europe are very rare and the Mauer mandible is generally accepted as one of the most ancient, with an age of approximately 700 kyr. A new preparation of the mandible was conducted in 1996 and gave rise to the detailed palaeopathological examination which is presented here. Based on comparative analyses, the extreme breadth of the mandibular ramus and its flat intercondylar incision, in conjunction with the flattening and broadening of the coronoid process tip, results either from an idiosyncratic pattern of the course and insertion of the temporalis muscle on the coronoid process or from the temporalis possessing an accessory head. The incidence of periodontal pocketing, together with a vertical reduction of the alveolar margin to approximately 3.00 mm, and a slight protuberance formed in vicinity of the right M(2)can safely be interpreted as pathognomonic indications of periodontal disease. The short distance between the enamel-dentine junction of the teeth and the horizontal alveolar margins could either be an inherited variant or may result from incipient osteoporosis. In addition, an arthrotic condition with slight osteophytic peripheral exostoses and an arthrolit (i.e. an articular calculus or "joint mouse") on the left condylus articularisand a depression in the medial part of the left mandibular condyle extending into the inferior part of the ramus are present. These features are indicative of a trauma-induced osteochondrosis dissecans. The diagnosis therefore suggests that the observed depression results from a well-healed fracture. This traumatic event illustrates the demanding living conditions endured by humans during the European Middle Pleistocene. The variations and pathological conditions observed in Mauer do not question the mandible's role as type specimen for the taxon Homo heidelbergensis.
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PMID:Palaeopathological and variant conditions of the Homo heidelbergensis type specimen (Mauer, Germany). 1272 64

Depressive disorders traditionally reside outside the realm of customary dental practice. Nonetheless, one in every five patients who visits a dentist experiences clinically significant symptoms of depression. The clinical implications of this are substantial. Depression is associated with diminished salivary flow and the complaint of dryness of mouth. It is associated with a diminished and distorted taste sensation, and a higher oral lactobacillus count. Depression is a risk factor for the development of dental caries, periodontal disease, and the erosive variant of oral lichen planus. Antidepressant medications can produce xerostomia, dysgeusia and bruxism. Depressive illness is a legitimate medical condition, with recognizable signs and symptoms, definable pathophysiology, and a significant response to treatment. Unfortunately, despite the availability of effective therapeutic measures, the majority of patients remain untreated. Routine dental checkup visits provide an opportunity for screening.
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PMID:Are your patients depressed? Implications for dental practice. 1275 71

Review of the literature regarding ischemic heart disease (IHD) among female cleaners in Medline and NIOSHTIC for 1990-2001 yielded one specifically relevant study, three surveys of several occupations, and one case-referent study. All showed minor increases of standardized mortality ratios or relative risks regarding diseases of the circulatory system, IHD, or myocardial infarction among female cleaners. Many determinants might explain the female cleaners' increased risk for IHD, e.g., imbalances regarding job strain and effort-reward, anxiety and depression, periodontal disease, smoking habits and air pollutants. These factors need further exploration.
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PMID:Ischemic heart disease in female cleaners. 1284 41

When defining the relationship between psychosocial factors and periodontitis several issues should be considered: most published studies support a positive association periodontitis, and several psycho-social factors: social isolation, socio-economic status, personality factors, anxiety, depression and life stress; many studies are cross-sectional in nature, include relatively small sample sizes and have inadequate control of potential confounding factors; varying methods to assess both psychosocial factors and periodontitis were used; psychological variables are usually measured by self-report scales and the informers may supply incorrect information and the situation bias may also take place that is the condition of instability of the clinical phenomenon being evaluated; the demographic makeup of the population under study (age, gender, education level, race) and control of potential confounding variables (smoking, oral hygiene status) differs markedly across studies. The findings indicate that the main mechanisms by which psychosocial factors promote gingivitis and periodontitis development included: 1) behavioural mechanisms, whereby the given factor exacerbates lifestyles known to potentiate periodontal disease (e.g., neglect of oral hygiene, changes in diet, increase in smoking), and 2) direct pathophysiological effects on host resistance. As a result, interferences on the association between psychosocial factors and periodontal disease require careful considerations.
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PMID:Psychological perspectives on the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. 1838 4

Susceptibility to and development of periodontal disease have been associated with psychological conditions. Previous studies have associated the presence of polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter with several behavioral traits and psychological conditions such as depression, anxiety, and stress. The short allele S has a reduced transcriptional efficiency and is associated with lowered serotonin expression and uptake. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and aggressive periodontitis in a sample of Brazilian individuals. This study involved 61 individuals affected by aggressive periodontitis and 71 without periodontitis. Genomic DNA was obtained from oral swabs, amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and genotyped at 5-HTTLPR. The Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. The aggressive periodontitis group displayed a significantly higher occurrence of genotype SS (P < 0.01) and of allele S (P < 0.01). After adjustment for gender and age, it was observed that genotype SS occurred 8 times more frequently in this group. Our findings suggest that 5-HTTLPR polymorphism might be associated with aggressive periodontitis in the Brazilian population.
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PMID:Polymorphism in the promoter region of the gene for 5-HTT in individuals with aggressive periodontitis. 1858 10

The understanding of the role of vitamin D in maintaining optimal health has advanced sharply in the past two decades. There is mounting evidence for beneficial roles for vitamin D in reducing the risk of bone diseases and fractures, many types of cancer, bacterial and viral infections, autoimmune diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, several reports have also been published regarding the role of vitamin D in neuroprotection. This article develops the hypothesis that vitamin D can reduce the risk of developing dementia, presenting the evidence from observational and laboratory studies. The observational evidence includes that low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] has been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, depression, dental caries, osteoporosis, and periodontal disease, all of which are either considered risk factors for dementia or have preceded incidence of dementia. The laboratory evidence includes several findings on the role of vitamin D in neuroprotection and reducing inflammation. Although this evidence is supportive, there do not appear to be observational studies of incidence of dementia with respect to prediagnostic serum 25(OH)D or vitamin D supplementation. Such studies now appear to be warranted.
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PMID:Does vitamin D reduce the risk of dementia? 1949 40

An 18-year-old, neutered, male Vietnamese pot-bellied pig (Sus scrofa) was treated for chronic, intermittent nasal discharge and sneezing. The animal was diagnosed with severe periodontal disease (grade IV), an oronasal fistula, and multiple tooth root abscesses via dental examination and computed tomography of the skull. Dentistry was performed, including multiple tooth extractions, and antibiotic therapy was initiated. Eighteen months later, the animal was evaluated for lethargy, anorexia, and a firm, 12 cm x 12 cm mass between the 2 rami of the mandible. Laboratory testing revealed moderate anemia, severe leukocytosis, and hyperglobulinemia. Skull radiographs indicated osteomyelitis of the mandible and soft-tissue swelling. A fine-needle aspirate and biopsy were taken, and results were consistent with squamous cell carcinoma. Treatment with piroxicam and antibiotics was initiated as needed to control signs of pain and secondary infection, respectively. Three months after diagnosis, the pig was euthanized due to cachexia and severe depression secondary to squamous cell carcinoma. On postmortem examination, the right mandibular area contained multiple, coalescing, irregular masses extending from the ramus rostrally to the mandibular canine teeth and ventrally within the intermandibular space, completely obliterating the normal anatomy. An open midshaft fracture was present on the right mandible. On histopathology, the masses were confirmed as locally invasive and destructive squamous cell carcinoma. No evidence of metastasis was noted in regional lymph nodes or in any of the distant sites evaluated.
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PMID:Oral squamous cell carcinoma in a Vietnamese pot-bellied pig (Sus scrofa). 1990 1

The present case-control study of 79 subjects (19-69 yr) was designed to assess the relationship of several psychological determinants to periodontal disease and obesity. Periodontal clinical examinations were performed, and the subjects were asked to complete a set of questionnaires measuring Type A personality, anxiety, depression, dental anxiety, hopelessness, emotional intelligence, stress, self-esteem, optimism and satisfaction with life. In a bivariate analysis, overweight individuals presented higher levels of smoking exposure, anxiety and depression and lower levels of optimism and satisfaction with life. They were mainly females, with a higher number of sites and teeth with probing depth (PD) >6 mm and clinical attachment level (CAL) >5 mm. Patients with a mean PD exceeding 3 mm and a bleeding on probing index of >25% presented higher values of dental anxiety and lower levels of self-esteem. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that dental anxiety was positively associated with the number of teeth with a PD of >6 mm and with reasons for visiting a dentist, while satisfaction with life was associated with flossing frequency. We conclude that there is an association between several psychological determinants, periodontitis, and body mass index.
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PMID:Involvement of psychosocial factors in the association of obesity with periodontitis. 2033 42

Periodontal disease is a multifactorial disease affecting the supporting tissues of the teeth, resulting in progressive attachment loss and bone loss. Periodontal disease is influenced by various systemic, environmental, and psychologic factors that have the potential to alter periodontal tissues and host immune response, resulting in more severe periodontal destruction. Several studies have documented the relationship between psychosocial stress and chronic forms of periodontal disease. Stress impairs periodontal health through changes in behavior and complex interactions among the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. The influence of stress on periodontal disease is affected by the emotional coping skills of the individual. Psychologic stress and depression may also influence the outcome of periodontal therapy. Stressful life events and coping skills are factors to consider in the risk of periodontal disease destruction and the potential for successful periodontal therapy. Therefore psychosocial stress is considered as an important risk factor for periodontal disease, and emotional stress in periodontitis patients should be diagnosed and treatment should be administered for the proper management and successful outcome of periodontal disease.
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PMID:Unveiling the role of stress in periodontal etiopathogenesis: an evidence-based review. 2307 23

The paper describes specific correlation of the clinical and molecular pathogenic features in various types of combined periapical lesions. Endodontic apical lesions combined with periodontal disease are characterized by specific radiological signs, shifts in oral fluid physical and chemical properties, the disruption of nitrogen metabolism, increased iron concentration, collagen disruption and impaired concentration ratio of calcium and phosphorous. General depression of immunoglobulin synthesis and increased concentration of cortisol and estradiol in oral fluid are also typical features of combined periapical lesions.
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PMID:[Differential-diagnostic features of combined periapical lesions]. 2352 95


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