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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The etiopathogenesis of ulcer disease is comprehensive and many experimental and clinical data failed to prove the primary cause of the disease. Although much has been learned concerning the pathophysiological mechanism which appear important in the development of ulcer disease, our present knowledge of the etiology of this disease is incomplete. Depression of the gastric acid secretion still remains the main treatment approach, although the cytoprotective drugs are interesting therapeutic challenge. Etiology of the peptic ulcer disease is not solved yet, but the defense mechanisms of the gastric mucosa are much more clear what will lead to better understanding of the defense mechanisms in the gastric cancer. Omeprazole is an interesting new drug healing peptic ulcer in almost 100% of the patients. A philosophic question may be asked: "Do we need to know the etiology of the disease in order to be able to treat it properly?" Omeprazole heals the ulcer and, in fact, we do not know its etiology. In the cost-benefit ratio, the most widely used drugs are still H2-receptor antagonists and sucralfate, and omeprazole is reserved for the patients with resistant ulcer disease, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and severe reflux esophagitis.
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PMID:[New findings in the etiopathogenesis of ulcers and reevaluation of therapy]. 196 Oct 77

Depressed gastric adenoma is a recently featured lesion, distinguished by a depression in the gastric mucosa, with histologic changes of conventional adenomatous polyp. We observed five cases of depressed gastric adenoma, one of them associated with a peptic ulcer, another with a gastric stump, and yet another with an early gastric carcinoma. None of the cases was detected clinically by radiology or endoscopic study. Endoscopically, this lesion stimulates a peptic ulcer at a re-epithelialization stage or an early carcinoma of the depressed type. Histologically, all the cases showed dysplastic changes of varying degrees, with a relevant risk of malignancy. A similarity is shown to other lesions described in the gastric mucosa.
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PMID:Depressed adenoma of the stomach. Conceptual review and study of five cases. 206 55

Using the Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MPI) of Eysenck 100 patients with peptic ulcer were studied. The mean age of female patients was 46 years, that of males was 44 years. The studied males showed features of extroverted personality and neuroticism, but without psychic abnormalities. The studied women had, most frequently, normal psychic features, but frequent neuroticism with elements of anxiety and depression. Males more than females expressed the need for social acceptance of their behaviour.
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PMID:[A test for determining personality traits in patients with organic psychosomatic diseases]. 263 34

Three decades of psychiatric practice with tricyclic, tetracyclic, and heterocyclic antidepressants have shown that these drugs are effective not only for major depression, endogenous depression in particular, but also for a range of other disorders. Tricyclic and other antidepressants are now used to treat enuresis and attention-deficit disorders in children, bulimia and anorexia nervosa, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, chronic pain, migraine, and peptic ulcer disease. As with some of the antidepressants, the body of literature on the relationship between clinical response in these diseases and plasma or serum levels of the drugs is not complete or well understood, but for some of these disorders, sufficient preliminary serum level data are available to take advantage of therapeutic drug monitoring as an adjunct to treatment. Therapeutic monitoring can be particularly important where studies indicate that successful therapy occurs at blood levels substantially different from those used to treat depression. This paper presents a brief overview of antidepressant treatment of these disorders, focusing on the available pharmacologic data related to serum level measurements and their relation to clinical response.
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PMID:Antidepressant drugs: additional clinical uses. 264 93

The study was carried out to evaluate whether shiftworkers showing different long-term tolerance to shiftwork differ in their circadian adjustments and/or in some behavioural characteristics. Three groups of eight workers, engaged on three shifts in a graphic plant and matched for age and work experience, were selected according to the presence or not of complaints related to shiftwork: (1) no complaints; (2) nervous complaints (anxiety/depression, severe sleep disturbances); (3) digestive disorders (gastroduodenitis, peptic ulcer). They answered questionnaires on family conditions, health status, rigidity of sleeping habits, ability to overcome drowsiness, morningness, manifest anxiety. They also recorded several physiological parameters (oral temperature, grip strength, peak expiratory flow rate, pulse rate, sleep hours) during day and night-shifts. The data obtained indicate that the characteristics of flexibility of sleeping habits, ability to overcome drowsiness, and lower manifest anxiety, are associated with better tolerance to shiftwork. These characteristics do not seem to influence the adjustment of the circadian rhythm of oral temperature passing from day to night-shifts and vice versa. Conversely, morningness appeared to be unrelated to long-term tolerance, but did influence circadian adjustments and sleep behaviour. Among the groups, the subjects with digestive disorders showed a greater phase shift and a reduction of the amplitude on night-work, suggesting a possible relationship also between the short-term circadian adjustment and the long-term tolerance to shiftwork, as pointed out by other authors.
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PMID:Circadian characteristics influencing interindividual differences in tolerance and adjustment to shiftwork. 275 14

The antrum-fundic section and re-anastomosis (AESR), liberates, in Wistar male rats, genuine antral peptic ulcers. They start within 20 days. They are progressive evolution, penetrating into all gastric walls. Between 7 and 8 months, they involve near organs (spleen, liver, pancreas) and produce a great inflammatory reaction of the peripancreatic ganglions. The antral peptic ulcer is induced if the gastric lesser curvature's nerves are sectioned and a concomitant pyloroplasty is done or not. The gastric hemisection, if anterior or posterior, break out the peptic ulcer only on the same side of the antrum-fundic interruption. In all this situations, except in cases of concomitant pyloroplasty, it is proved a pronounced and significantly increase of the gastric (g/kg), but not pancreatic index. In the AFSR series with nervous section on the lesser curvature and without pyloroplasty, the percentage of antral peptic ulcers in 56%. It is postulated the probably existence, at an antrum-fundic level, of a neuroendocrine center. Its nullification or disturbance by the section and re-anastomosis procedure could generate the antral ulcer and other histologic changes (increase of the "G" cells, hyperplasia of the parietal, ECL and "A like" cells) by one or various hypothetical ways: 1. Direct action, nullifying the normal blocking function of somatostative over the "G" cells and or parietal cells. 2. Disturbing or nullifying the motor pump effect of the gastric antrum, and on this way, enhancing the duodenum-gastric reflux with all know deleterious effects of the bile in the antrum particularly in an acid milieu. 3. Modifying, in the opposite direction, the sensitivity by one hand, of the "G" cells mass and by the other one, of the parietal, ECL and "A like" cells. The depression of the fundic sensitivity will induce the hyperplasia of the "G" cells, the hypersecretion of gastrin and, "a posteriori", all the secretory effects and trophic characteristic of it. 4. Disturbing the prostaglandins secretion, perhaps through a deficit of the nervous innervation, with the resulting epiphenomenon of a cytoprotection deficit mediated through the mucus and bicarbonate production. It is probably that the proposed physiopathogenic mechanism are associated and that the final result, the antral peptic ulcer is the consequence of an increase of the aggressive factors (acid, bile) and a concomitant depression of the defensive factors (cytoprotection), starting normally by the prostaglandins through the mucus and bicarbonate secretion.
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PMID:[Post-sectional antral peptic ulcer and antrofundic re-anastomosis in rats (manifestation of a probable antrofundic neuroendocrine center)]. 306 90

This study reports lifetime prevalence of certain "psychosomatic disorders" in psychiatric patients in India. The "psychosomatic disorders" studied were peptic ulcer, bronchial asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, ischemic heart disease and irritable bowel syndrome. One percent of psychiatric patients had these psychosomatic illnesses. Ten of the fifteen cases had two psychosomatic illnesses. Patients with psychosomatic disorders were significantly more often older in age (p = 0.003) and from an urban background (p = 0.05) as compared to other psychiatric patients. Depression was the commonest diagnosis, and was significantly (p = 0.01) more often diagnosed in the psychosomatic patients. Psychosis was not diagnosed in patients with psychosomatic disorders. This article emphasizes the need for identifying concomitant psychosomatic problems in psychiatric patients for their appropriate management.
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PMID:Psychosomatic patients in a psychiatric clinic. 326 96

We examined in a controlled study whether psychologic disturbances in men with peptic ulcer disease were related to other potential ulcer "risk factors" (serum pepsinogen concentrations, cigarette smoking, and intake of alcohol, aspirin, or coffee). Psychopathology in general, personality features of hostility, irritability, and hypersensitivity, and impaired coping ability (low ego strength) each correlated significantly with serum pepsinogen concentration in ulcer patients (p less than or equal to 0.005). Cigarette smoking and intake of alcohol and aspirin were increased in ulcer patients but unrelated to psychopathology. Depression was the variable that best discriminated ulcer patients from nonulcer controls; a negative perception of life events, number of relatives with ulcer, and serum pepsinogen I concentration also had a major, unique discriminating value, whereas smoking played a relatively minor role independent of the other variables examined. Our study supports the concept that several interacting factors (psychologic, behavioral, and genetic/physiologic) are likely involved in peptic ulcer disease. Emotional stress may predispose to ulcers by producing gastric hypersecretion, as manifested by hyperpepsinogenemia.
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PMID:Life events stress and psychosocial factors in men with peptic ulcer disease. II. Relationships with serum pepsinogen concentrations and behavioral risk factors. 333 9

Lipid peroxidation and the activity of the antioxidant system were studied in the mucous membrane of the stomach of 60 patients with peptic ulcer. Maximum activation of lipid peroxidation was at the ulcer edges and in the surrounding mucosa. In the same regions the following changes were noted: an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase, depression of activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, a decrease in the amount of reduced glutathione and accumulation of oxidated glutathione. Activation of lipid peroxidation and disruption of activity of the antioxidant system in the mucous membrane of the stomach were considered to be important pathogenetic factors leading to a chronic and recurrent course of peptic ulcer.
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PMID:[Lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant enzyme system of the gastric mucosa in peptic ulcer]. 336 59

In a previous paper we reported prospective ratings for 88 alcoholic suicides. At the initial admission they had more often signs of peptic ulcer, depression, dysphoria and brittleness than other alcoholics. In 55 of these alcoholics an autopsy was performed at the Department of Forensic Medicine, University Hospital, Lund. In 37 cases the blood alcohol level was measured (at time of death). Alcoholics with brittleness had more often blood alcohol levels over 0.1% than others, and alcoholics with dysphoria more often negative tests even if the suicide generally was associated with previous drinking. Concerning the blood alcohol level alcoholics with peptic ulcer did not differ from the others. Alcoholics with initial depression had more often previous suicide attempts. Twenty (36%) of the alcoholics had experienced a personal loss during the year preceding the suicide. The possible implications of the findings for suicide prevention strategies is discussed.
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PMID:Suicide in alcoholism. A prospective study of 55 cases with autopsy findings. 342 64


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