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 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The psychometric properties of a clinician-administered, DSM-IV-based, structured clinical interview for pathological gambling (SCI-PG) were examined. Seventy-two consecutive subjects requesting treatment for gambling problems were administered the SCI-PG. Reliability and validity were determined. Classification accuracy was examined using longitudinal course of illness. The SCI-PG demonstrated excellent inter-rater and test-retest reliability. Concurrent validity was observed with the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS). Discriminant validity was observed with measures of anxiety and depression. The SCI-PG demonstrated both high sensitivity and specificity based on longitudinal assessment. The SCI-PG demonstrated excellent reliability and validity in diagnosing PG in subjects presenting with gambling problems. These findings require replication in other groups to examine their generalizability.
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PMID:Preliminary validity and reliability testing of a structured clinical interview for pathological gambling. 1545 Sep 17

Behavioral impairments in parkinsonian patients include agitation, hypersexuality, stereotypic movement, pathological gambling, abuse of antiparkinsonian drugs, REM sleep behavioral disorder, and restless legs syndrome. Dementia, psychoses, and emotional disorders, such as depression and anxiety/panic disorder, also impair behavior. Symptoms may be produced by dysfunction of the central nervous system, medication, and/or the psychosocial problems associated with Parkinson's disease. Treatment therefore should be based on the cause of the symptoms seen. In some cases, the reduction or change of antiparkinsonian drugs, or both, may be effective. Treatment of the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, including motor fluctuations, may reduce the risk of panic attacks being evoked in the 'off' period. Use of antidepressants, sedatives, and neuroleptics may often be effective. Physicians should identify the causes of the symptoms of behavioral impairment and select appropriate treatments.
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PMID:[Behavioral impairments in Parkinson's disease]. 1546 83

This article describes the most frequent personality disorders related to pathological gambling. Participants included 50 pathological gamblers assessed with the IPDE, and 50 normative subjects from the general population with the same demographic features (age, sex, and socioeconomic level). Thirty-two percent of the clinical sample (vs. the 8% of the normative sample) showed at least one personality disorder. The most prevalent disorders were Borderline (16%), followed by Antisocial, Paranoid, Narcissistic, and Non-specified (8% each). Gamblers with personality disorders presented an average of 1.5 disorders and they reported higher gambling severity and more severe symptoms of anxiety, depression and alcohol abuse. The implications of this study for clinical practice and research are discussed.
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PMID:Pathological gambling and personality disorders: an exploratory study with the IPDE. 1551 59

Over the centuries, gambling behaviour has been well known and characterized by the combination of pleasure, luck and competition. Our study explored the relationship between pathological gambling, depression and anxiety. We also explored demographic findings and behavioural patterns of the pathological gamblers. Fourty-seven patients were included in this study and they anonymously completed questionnaires which included demographic findings, the Hamilton depression rating scale and the Hamilton anxiety rating scale. The study results demonstrated a strong correlation between depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and pathological gambling. It also presented lower income and higher anxiety levels associated with a higher tendency for gambling. The subjects suffering from depression and anxiety also showed higher levels of suicidality and other abuse dependencies. In order to confirm these preliminary results larger studies are needed in this field.
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PMID:[Comorbid psychiatric symptoms in pathological gamblers: anxiety, depression and substance abuse]. 1552 78

To compare impulsivity and compulsivity, we performed a case control study comparing a group of 20 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder with a group of 20 patients with skin picking and/or trichotillomania (SP/T). The instruments used were Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Diagnosis, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, Schalling Impulsivity Scale, and Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Inventories. A Multidimensional Impulsive-Compulsive Spectrum Assessment Instrument was designed for this particular study. The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale scores were significantly higher in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, compared with patients with SP/T (F = 90.29; P < .001). The Hamilton Inventories and Schalling Impulsivity Scale revealed no significant intergroup differences. The Multidimensional Impulsive-Compulsive Spectrum Assessment Instrument allowed us to find 6 statistically significant differences between groups: the ability or inability to delay an impulse, quick response or action planning, feelings of pleasure or guilt during or after an act, ritualization, and whether the patient believes he/she has losses or benefits if prevented from acting. In conclusion, SP/T should deserve further attention about their classification in future versions of diagnostic manuals because, as in International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition includes these disorders in the same chapter as pathological gambling, kleptomania, pyromania and others. Despite their resemblance to compulsions, their classification under the Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum needs particular phenomenological and neurobiologic investigation.
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PMID:Impulsivity and compulsivity in patients with trichotillomania or skin picking compared with patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. 1676 3

The link between pathological gambling and suicide is poorly understood. The current study has two major goals: to provide descriptive information about suicide ideation and attempts among pathological gamblers trying to quit, and to identify predictors of suicidal ideation and attempts, with a particular emphasis on mood and substance use disorders. A community sample of 101 individuals with gambling problems who had made a recent quit attempt was assessed using structured instruments. Of these, 28.7% reported no history of suicide ideation or attempts, 38.6% reported having only thoughts of suicide, and 32.7% reported a suicide attempt. Ideation predated the onset of gambling problems by an average of greater than ten years. History of ideation was increasingly likely with a greater severity of gambling problem as determined by DSM criteria. Those experiencing ideation were also more likely to over gamble on gambling days and five times more likely to have a history of depression. Substance abuse history was the only factor that distinguished between individuals who had a history of suicide attempts versus ideation only. Having a drug history was related to a more than six times greater likelihood of having made a suicide attempt. Gambling-related suicide attempts were relatively rare-21.2% of attempters, or 7% of the total sample. These findings are consistent with the common factor model of etiology in which the suicidality of gambling is related to prior mental health disorders. More research on the relationship between alcohol and other drug disorders and their complex relationship to pathological gambling and suicide is crucial.
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PMID:Risk factors for suicide ideation and attempts among pathological gamblers. 1686 26

Several researchers and clinicians have questioned the advantages and disadvantages of inpatient and outpatient treatment for people suffering from pathological gambling. This study compares the characteristics of pathological gamblers seeking inpatient and outpatient treatment. A total of 233 pathological gamblers (inpatients = 134, outpatients = 99) participated in the study. Results show that inpatients have more severe gambling problems than those receiving outpatient services. Similar results were obtained on most other related variables such as anxiety, depression, alcohol consumption, and comorbidity. These results are discussed in terms of the costs and benefits of these two treatment modalities.
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PMID:Pathological gamblers: inpatients' versus outpatients' characteristics. 1709 4

Is most research concerning gambling and depression has been conducted on clinical populations, the present study examined the relationship between gambling and depression across a large sample in Scotland in higher education and the community. A questionnaire-based cluster design involved the distribution of the South Oaks Gambling Screen and the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale mainly to students and staff of higher educational establishments, with small community and gambling samples also included. Thirty-seven colleges and universities across Scotland participated in the research, with a sample of 2259 people aged sixteen years of age or over (M = 28.9 yr., SD = 13.4) being obtained. It was found that past-year probable pathological gamblers had significantly higher depression than problem gamblers, nonproblem gamblers, and nongamblers. However, when probable pathological gamblers who had sought treatment were omitted from the analysis, the nontreatment-seeking probable pathological gambling group no longer had significantly higher depression than the problem gambling group. Female problem and probable pathological gamblers had particularly high depressive symptomatology, suggesting co-morbid depression may be a prominent feature of problematic female gambling.
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PMID:Association of pathological gambling with depression in Scotland. 1715 9

It has been identified for a long time that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) coexists with other psychiatric disorders: in over 50 percent of the OCD, patients meet the criteria for at least one axis I disorder (depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, impulse control disorders). Depressive disorders are the most commonly co-occurring difficulties and associated with significantly higher level of impairment and distress. Eating disorders and impulse control disorders are common comorbidity in OCD. These disorders as eating disorders, body dysmorphic disorder, trichotillomania, pathological gambling, share similarities in etiology, comorbidity, clinical features and treatment. Actually the notion of a spectrum of obsessive-compulsive related disorders is suggested by numerous studies.
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PMID:[Comorbidity in obsessive-compulsive disorder]. 1743

This paper reports on the development and psychometric properties of a Gambling Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (GRSEQ). Two hundred and ninety-seven gamblers from both normal and clinical populations completed an initial set of 31-items of which 26 were selected for inclusion in the final version of the GRSEQ. A series of factor analyses showed four clear factors accounting for 84% of the variance. These factors can be summarised as situations and thoughts associated with gambling, the influence of drugs on gambling, positive emotions associated with gambling and negative emotions associated with gambling. The GRSEQ total score and factors scores showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.92 to 0.98). Participants experiencing problems with gambling scored significantly lower on the GRSEQ, and discriminant analyses showed that the scale is able to correctly classify the non-problem (i.e., community and student samples) and problem gamblers (i.e., clinical sample). Furthermore, the GRSEQ showed significant negative relationships with other gambling-related variables (gambling urge and gambling-related cognitions) and negative mood states (depression, anxiety and stress) and was shown to be sensitive to change in treatment of pathological gambling. The results suggest that the GRSEQ is a useful measure of gambling refusal self-efficacy that is suitable for assessment of gamblers from both normal and clinical populations.
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PMID:Measuring self-efficacy in gambling: the Gambling Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. 1784 78


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