Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fluoxetine, a selective inhibitor of 5-HT uptake, was compared to dothiepin in a double-blind study of 6 weeks duration in 100 depressed patients (male and female) drawn from 8 general practices. Only those who scored at least 17 on the first 17 questions of the Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) were selected. Both groups improved throughout the trial, though the dothiepin treated patients tended to improve quicker. However, by the end of the trial there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. Subset analyses of HAM-D scores associated with anxiety and sleep revealed no statistically significant differences between the 2 treatments though improvement in anxiety scores was marginally greater for those receiving fluoxetine by the end of the trial. Other global assessments by patients and doctors confirmed the changes in HAM-D scores. Statistically significant weight changes occurred between visits 1 and 5. Whereas fluoxetine-treated patients lost weight (p less than 0.05), dothiepin-treated patients gained weight (p = 0.05) over this period. Adverse effects were reported in 27 patients given fluoxetine and 20 dothiepin. Of these, 14 fluoxetine and 7 dothiepin-treated patients withdrew before the end of the trial. The most common adverse effects were nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea in the fluoxetine group and tiredness, drowsiness and diarrhoea in the dothiepin group. There were no haematological or clinical chemistry changes.
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PMID:A double-blind comparative study of fluoxetine and dothiepin in the treatment of depression in general practice. 267 26

Using positron emission tomography, we studied cerebral glucose metabolism in drug-free, age- and sex-matched, right-handed patients with unipolar depression (n = 10), bipolar depression (n = 10), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with secondary depression (n = 10), OCD without major depression (n = 14), and normal controls (n = 12). Depressed patients were matched for depression on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and subjects with OCD without depression and OCD with depression had similar levels of OCD without depression and OCD with depression had similar levels of OCD pathology. We also studied six non-sex-matched patients with mania. Mean (+/- SD) glucose metabolic rates for the left dorsal anterolateral prefrontal cortex, divided by the rate for the ipsilateral hemisphere as a whole (ALPFC/hem), were similar in the primary depressions (unipolar depression = 1.05 +/- 0.05; bipolar depression = 1.04 +/- 0.05), and were significantly lower than those in normal controls (1.12 +/- 0.06) or OCD without depression (1.15 +/- 0.05). Results for the right hemisphere were similar. Values in subjects with OCD with depression (1.10 +/- 0.05) were also significantly lower than in subjects with OCD without depression, and values in subjects with bipolar depression were lower than those in manic subjects (1.12 +/- 0.03) on this measure in the left hemisphere, although results were not significant in the right hemisphere. There was a significant correlation between the HAM-D score and the left ALPFC/hem. With medication for depression (n = 12), the left ALPFC/hem increased significantly and the percentage change in the Hamilton scale score correlated with the percentage change in the left ALPFC/hem.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Reduction of prefrontal cortex glucose metabolism common to three types of depression. 278 46

Paroxetine is a new antidepressant drug. It is a potent and selective 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor with only weak anticholinergic properties and less effect on the cardiovascular system than the classical tricyclics. In this double-blind multicenter study the antidepressant effect of paroxetine was compared with mianserin in 70 patients with unipolar or bipolar depression. Each drug was administered for 6 weeks after a 1 week run-in period at a daily dosage of 30 mg for paroxetine or 60 mg for mianserin. The 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and the physician's global assessment were used to assess efficacy. Both treatment groups showed statistically significant improvement of the HAM-D at Weeks 1 (base-line values: paroxetine mean 28.5; mianserin mean 30.8) through to Week 6 (paroxetine mean 11.5; mianserin mean 17.8) (P less than 0.06). The endpoint differences between treatments however were not statistically different (P = 0.11). The Cleary and Guy factor analysis showed a significant difference (P less than 0.03) at Weeks 2 and 4 for cognitive disturbance and at Weeks 4 and 6 for retardation in favour of paroxetine compared with mianserin. Both drugs were well tolerated with nausea and headache in four patients and somnolence in six patients being reported as the most common side-effect for paroxetine and mianserin respectively.
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PMID:Paroxetine in the treatment of depression. A double-blind multicenter study versus mianserin. 297 Feb 3

Fluoxetine and trazodone were compared in a double-blind, randomized, parallel, 6-week trial in 43 outpatients with major depression after a 1-week single-blind placebo period. Thirty-five patients completed at least 3 weeks of active medication, while 25 patients completed all 6 weeks. Response rates, whether defined by end-of-treatment Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) score less than 10 or by a 50% reduction in HAM-D scores, were equivalent for the two medications. For fluoxetine, HAM-D scores were significantly lower at Weeks 1 and 2 compared with those of trazodone. Trazodone improved sleep significantly more than fluoxetine. Fluoxetine was associated more frequently with weight loss (p = .002) and less frequently with dizziness (p = .04) than trazodone.
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PMID:Fluoxetine versus trazodone in the treatment of outpatients with major depression. 305 68

This was a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group study which was performed to assess the tolerance and efficacy of administration of 150 mg trazodone nocte as an initial and maintenance therapy compared with a 50 mg t.d.s. regimen. Particular attention was paid to the incidence of adverse events and to the effect of treatment on sleep over the 6-week period of the study. A total of 182 eligible, depressed patients were recruited into the study by a panel of 24 general practitioners. Eighty-seven patients were randomised to receive 50 mg trazodone three times a day and 95 to receive 150 mg trazodone as a single evening dose. Efficacy of the two treatment regimens was assessed using the modified Hamilton depression rating scale scores and by the Investigator's judgement of both the global severity and improvement of depression. The mean HAM-D scores of the two treatment groups were found not to be significantly different. There was strong evidence that the scores decreased over the 6-week trial period and that the rate of this decrease was different for the two study groups. For measures of both current global severity and improvement, no significant treatment differences were revealed. The changes in Hamilton scores occurring during the study period were found to be equal in the two treatment groups. Using a total side effects score to assess the incidence and severity of adverse events, the two dosing regimens were found not to be significantly different.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A comparison of two oral dosage regimens of 150 mg trazodone in the treatment of depression in general practice. 313 9

This 6-week, double-blind, randomised parallel group study was carried out to assess the efficacy and tolerability of 150 mg trazodone nocte and 30-60 mg mianserin nocte in the treatment of depression in general practice. Special emphasis was placed on the effect of treatment on psychomotor performance and sleep. A total of 39 suitable depressed patients were recruited into the study by one general practitioner. Nineteen of these were randomised to receive trazodone and 20 to receive 30 mg mianserin for the first 7 days and 60 mg for the remaining 5 weeks. Efficacy of the two therapies was assessed using the modified Hamilton depression rating scale scores and by the Investigator's judgement of both the global severity and improvement of the condition. For HAM-D scores no significant treatment differences were seen overall. There was, however, evidence that the trends in the scores over the 6-week trial period were different for the two therapies and that the scores changed significantly over this time. For current global severity and global improvement scores, there were no significant differences between treatments. The severity and improvement scores were found to change significantly over the 6 weeks of therapy in both of the two treatment groups. Psychomotor performance was assessed using the critical flicker fusion threshold test, the digit symbol substitution test and the choice reaction task.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The efficacy and residual effects of trazodone (150 mg nocte) and mianserin in the treatment of depressed general practice patients. 313 16

An association between depression and physical dependency arising from a recent illness has been generally accepted. To clarify this relationship over time, 30 medical rehabilitation patients aged 54 to 94 years were assessed 1 week after admission and at discharge to quantify symptoms of depression, physical dependency, and cognitive functioning using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), the Barthel Index for physical function, and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Significant depressive symptomatology was found by HAM-D in 25 patients on admission and 14 on discharge. No significant associations were present between either admission or discharge depression scores and all other variables. The HAM-D change score was significantly correlated with the Barthel change score (r = 0.57, P less than 0.001) and with the MMSE change score (r = 0.48, P = 0.01). All patients whose mood improved also improved in physical functioning, whereas 75% of those whose mood did not improve failed to make headway in physical functioning. This implies that it is not the degree of physical incapacity but rather the failure to regain prior abilities which is strongly associated with persisting depression following a catastrophic illness. Furthermore, characteristics found commonly in the group whose mood did not improve included physicians' failure to diagnose and treat depression or a setback from a significant medical or surgical complication.
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PMID:Severe illness in older patients: the association between depressive disorders and functional dependency during the recovery phase. 317 Oct 28

Adinazolam mesylate, a new triazolobenzodiazepine with antidepressant properties, was significantly superior to placebo based on the following efficacy measures: number of subjects who completed the study; number of subjects whose total score on the 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) decreased by 50% or more; and number of subjects who reported that the drug helped them. Mean scores on three HAM-D clusters (anxiety/somatization, sleep disturbance, and an endogenomorphic cluster) also showed significant differences in favor of adinazolam. Side effects were generally mild and transient; however, a seizure of moderate intensity occurred during rapid tapering of adinazolam from 90 to 40 mg/day. There were no significant anticholinergic effects, and no mania or hypomania was reported in any subject. No consistently significant differences were observed between subjects whose primary diagnosis was major depression and those with a diagnosis of bipolar II depression.
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PMID:Adinazolam--a new antidepressant: findings of a placebo-controlled, double-blind study in outpatients with major depression. 329 27

Data on 58 patients with major depressive episodes treated with tranylcypromine in the course of two controlled, 4-week trials were examined for clinical predictors of favorable response and patterns of symptom improvement and side effects. Predictors of positive outcome with tranylcypromine were associated with greater initial severity on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) ratings of depressed mood, psychomotor retardation, and weight loss, and with lower initial severity on ratings of middle and late insomnia. Distinct quality of depressed mood predicted poorer response; endogenicity, as defined by Research Diagnostic Criteria or the Nies-Robinson Diagnostic Index, failed to predict outcome. Analysis of improvement on individual symptom items of the HAM-D and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale indicated a generalized patholysis except in a few areas such as appetite/weight loss and insomnia, which may reflect specific side effects of tranylcypromine.
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PMID:Tranylcypromine: patterns and predictors of response. 352 59

Seventy patients with unipolar major depressive disorder were treated with fluoxetine or placebo in a 6-week double-blind trial and were evaluated by changes in scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and the global improvement measure of the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale. High correlations were found between the changes in HAM-D scores from baseline to endpoint and the final CGI improvement ratings. In patients with moderate depression (baseline HAM-D score of 20 or more), the differences in endpoint analysis between active treatment and placebo groups were significant. A persistent pattern of improvement was noted in 27% of those receiving fluoxetine but in none of those receiving placebo. Physician and patient evaluations as determined by the improvement measure of the CGI were closely correlated.
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PMID:Pattern analysis of antidepressant response to fluoxetine. 353 9


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