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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Data from Wave 1 of the National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area study were used to examine how functional somatic symptoms and other psychiatric disorders relate to use of health care. Panic disorder and functional somatic symptoms were strongly linked to use of general medical services while depression showed such a relationship only among females. Panic disorder and depression also showed strong association with use of mental health services, but functional somatic symptoms showed only a weak relationship. Multivariable models suggest that functional somatic symptoms lead to selective use of general medical services over mental health services.
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PMID:Psychiatric disorder and functional somatic symptoms as predictors of health care use. 141 May 45

Eighty-two women, presenting as normal-weight bulimics, obese binge eaters, social phobics, and individuals with panic disorder, were compared on anxiety, depression, and substance abuse. All were administered the Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule-Revised and completed the Michigan Alcohol Screening Test, Drug Abuse Screening Test, and Self-Consciousness Scale. A striking proportion of eating disorder subjects were comorbid for one or more anxiety disorders, the most frequent diagnoses being generalized anxiety disorder and social phobia. The results suggest that the place of anxiety in bulimia nervosa goes beyond that discussed within the context of the anxiety reduction model. Conflicting comorbidity findings among this and prior investigations are noted, however, and discussed in terms of the issue of differential diagnosis between eating and anxiety disorders.
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PMID:Comparison of bulimics, obese binge eaters, social phobics, and individuals with panic disorder on comorbidity across DSM-III-R anxiety disorders. 143 Jun 7

The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) include fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, citalopram, paroxetine and sertraline. These medications may be effective for a variety of indications. The literature clearly supports their efficacy in some of these conditions in major depression. Data concerning their use in other areas is clearly preliminary but promising. These include reports of treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, atypical depression, panic disorder, premenstrual tension, eating disorders, substance use disorders, chronic pain, dementia, and personality disorders with aggressive or impulsive features. The variety of clinical uses for the SSRIs may compel re-examination of traditional diagnostic categories and theories of how antidepressants work.
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PMID:Potential indications for the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. 143 Oct 22

Family studies suggest some common etiological factors in panic disorder and depression. The observation of characteristic depression-like polysomnographic alterations in panic disorder patients would further underline the assumed biological interface between the two psychiatric disorders. In a polysomnographic study of 22 inpatients with panic disorder, 12 inpatients with major depression, and 12 control subjects, we found that both groups of patients had one major feature of depression-like sleep: a shortened rapid eye movement (REM) latency. However, the patterns of the first hours of polysomnography showed more differences than similarities between these psychiatric disorders, indicating that the shortened REM latency apparently is merely a common final pathway of different alterations in sleep regulation. Our findings, therefore, provide more evidence against than for a significant biological interface between panic disorder and depression.
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PMID:Panic disorder and major depression: a comparative electroencephalographic sleep study. 146 46

Several lines of evidence suggest that dopamine might be involved in anxiety states. In this study, we assessed the growth hormone (GH) response to apomorphine (a dopaminergic agonist) 0.5 mg SC in nine drug-free inpatients meeting Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for panic disorder who were age-matched and gender-matched with nine major depressive, and nine minor depressive inpatients. The three groups differed significantly in their mean GH peak response: 5.29 +/- 2.75 ng/ml in major depressives, 26.27 +/- 12.71 ng/ml in minor depressives, and 37.28 +/- 10.58 ng/ml in panics, with a significantly higher response in panic than in either minor or major depressive patients. These results support dopaminergic overactivity in panic disorder as compared with major and minor depression.
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PMID:Dopaminergic function in panic disorder: comparison with major and minor depression. 146 80

A system of psychotherapy called cognitive therapy, emphasising that mood disorders are affected by distortions in thinking about self, the future and the world, has been found useful in the treatment of diverse neurotic disorders. Helping the patient restructure his thinking by examining such distortions and correcting them would be a vital process in the prevention or recovery of mood disturbances. Applications of cognitive therapy in depression, panic disorder, hypochondriasis and marital distress are described in this article.
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PMID:Helping patients to think better: cognitive therapy for individuals and couples. 148 78

Data concerning 331 subjects participating in a longitudinal study on anxiety disorders were collected over the first 6 months of the study. Preliminary analyses of somatic treatment according to diagnoses and study site were conducted. The comorbidity of one anxiety disorder with other DSM-III-R diagnoses and other types of anxiety disorders was extensive. Patients with panic disorder received significantly more treatment with a benzodiazepine than patients without panic disorder. Fewer than five percent of the sample were treated with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Comorbid depression increased the likelihood of treatment with a newer non-MAOI (non-monoamine oxidase inhibitor), nontricyclic antidepressant. Results suggest a strong effect of treatment site on the pharmacotherapy offered.
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PMID:Pharmacotherapy observed in a large prospective longitudinal study on anxiety disorders. 151 15

Forty-eight patients with DSM-III-R Panic Disorder underwent a hyperventilation provocation Test (HVPT). Twenty-four patients rated the symptoms induced during the HVPT as similar to those occurring during panic attacks in daily life. Contrary to the classical hyperventilation model of panic, no differences were found in respiratory physiology between recognizers and non-recognizers before and during voluntary hyperventilation. Moreover, recognizers and non-recognizers reported comparable levels of panic and hyperventilation symptoms and state anxiety during panic attacks in daily life. Ten of the recognizers also had a panic attack during the HVPT, independent of any differential CO2 alterations. Compared to non-panickers, panickers obtained higher scores for agoraphobia and depression. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that recognizers or panickers do not show a tendency towards hyperventilation, but that reports of severe panic and hyperventilation symptoms are more closely related to the level of anxiety. These results are more consistent with the cognitive model of panic, which emphasizes the patient's tendency to interpret somatic symptoms catastrophically.
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PMID:The hyperventilation provocation test in panic disorder. 152 Feb 31

Ten patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and 10 patients with panic disorder (PD) were given the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). The 2 groups were not found to be statistically different on any of the sub-scales. Elevated anxiety and depression scores were noted in both groups. Time since onset (TSO) of symptoms was found to be inversely correlated with MMPI scores so that patients with long duration of illness had better scores than those with a short duration of symptoms. These findings are discussed in light of possible factors affecting improvement in chronic anxiety disorders.
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PMID:MMPI profiles of patients with panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder: relationship to diagnosis and time since onset. 152 57

We evaluated 20 patients with Cushing's disease (i.e., Cushing's syndrome due to ACTH-secreting pituitary microadenoma) and 20 patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID) and Research Diagnostic Criteria. The diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) was most common in Cushing's disease (79%), followed by MDD (68%), and Panic Disorder (PD) including subthreshold PD (53%). The combination of MDD and GAD and/or PD was also common in Cushing's disease (63%). Behavioral symptoms, if present, usually first occurred at or after the onset of the first physical symptoms. However, the onset of PD was associated with more chronic stages of Cushing's disease. In both Cushing's disease and MDD, more female than male relatives suffered from MDD, whereas more male than female relatives suffered from substance abuse. The data demonstrate a syndrome of anxious depression in patients with active Cushing's disease; such comorbidility has not been previously noted. The data also point to intriguing epidemiological, clinical, and biological associations between Cushing's disease, MDD and substance abuse.
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PMID:Psychiatric phenomenology in Cushing's disease. 152 59


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