Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ten-year experience of treatment of 213 patients with trauma of the pancreas and 56 patients with trauma of the duodenum is analyzed. Combined injury of other organs was seen in 80% patients. Diagnostic policy included intraoperative revision in open abdominal trauma and dynamic observation with US, roentgenography, CT and laboratory tests in closed trauma wich doesn't require urgent surgery. The diagnosis was verified during laparoscopy and contrast duodenography. Surgical treatment results in patients with trauma of the pancreas depending on the variant of surgery are analyzed. The role of drug treatment of traumatic pancreatitis with 5-ftoruracil and octreotid is stressed. It is demonstrated that these principles allowed us to reduce complications rate to 11.7% and lethality to 6.7% from 71.7% and 37.0% respectively. It is established that suturing of duodenal wall on the decompressive nasoduodenal tube is effective within 6 hours after trauma. Later, for prophylaxis of suture insufficiency the duodenum must be switched off. Adequate drainage and depression of secretion with octreotid are very important for success of surgery. In this approach there were no cases of sutures insufficiency among 16 patients in the last 3 years.
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PMID:[Injuries of pancreatoduodenal organs]. 1467 3

The data, obtained as a result of the protective systems state (immunity, hemostasis, organism natural resistance) investigation in 20 patients with complicated course of necrotic pancreatitis, are adduced. There was determined, that the lowering of the oxygen dependent and oxygen independent functions of neutrophils, the lysosomic cationic proteins content correlates significantly with course of diseases severity. High concentration in the blood serum of anti-inflammatory cytokines (the leucocytes depression phenomenon) in combination with the oxygen dependent and oxygen independent function of phagocytes depression constitutes the criterion of complicated and unfavourable course of necrotic pancreatitis. Theoretical substantiation of the results is presented.
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PMID:[Complex evaluation of the organism's protective systems as the method of prognosis and diagnosis of complicated course of necrotizing pancreatitis]. 1507 6

Sixteen fatal dog envenomations by the snake Vipera palaestinae over a 14-y period are described. Most envenomations occurred during the late night hours in the warm months, and 8/16 dogs were bitten on the limbs. The most frequent clinical signs upon admission were soft tissue swelling and edema, local pain, depression, bleeding, lameness, dyspnea, and 6 dogs were in shock. Thrombocytopenia was present in 14/16 cases and increased hematocrit (13/16) and hemoglobin (9/16) concentration were the most common hematological abnormalities upon admission. Biochemical abnormalities included increased activities of muscle enzymes and alkaline phosphatase, hypocalcemia, and hypocholesterolemia. Creatine kinase activity was markedly increased in 2 dogs. During hospitalization serious complications in many dogs were disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute renal failure, seizures, cardiac arrhythmias, acute necrotizing pancreatitis and severe laryngeal edema; these required intensive and expensive therapies. Specific antivenin (10 ml) administered to 8/16 dogs did not prevent death. Glucocorticosteroids were given in 8 cases; however, their use was associated with complications. Four dogs suffered sudden death, 2 of which died 1-2 d after discharge. Necropsy performed on 3/16 dogs found soft tissue swelling and local bleeding at the envenomation sites as well as bleeding in several distal body organs and tissues.
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PMID:Fatal Vipera xanthina palestinae envenomation in 16 dogs. 1548 52

The pathogenicity of serotype 8 fowl adenovirus (FAV), isolated from gizzard erosions of slaughtered broiler chickens, was investigated. In experiment 1, 29 5-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were inoculated with the isolates of serotype 8 FAV, M013 (group 1) or G0054 (group 2) strain, via an oral route. There were no clinical signs in any of chickens after inoculation, and mild gizzard erosions were observed macroscopically and microscopically in three inoculated chickens of group 2. FAV was recovered from gizzards and rectums but was not recovered from pancreas and livers from chickens in both inoculated groups. In experiment 2, 27 1-day-old SPF chickens were inoculated with the G0054 strain by intramuscular route. Five, 6, and 3 inoculated chickens died on days 3, 4, and 5 postinoculation (PI), respectively. Four, 3, 1, and 1 inoculated chickens became moribund with severe clinical signs such as ruffled feathers, severe depression and closed eyes from days 3 to 6 PI, respectively. Macroscopically, the common characteristic of the gross lesions of dead chickens and euthanized moribund chickens was discoloration of liver. FAV was recovered from the gizzard, liver, pancreas and rectum. Virus titers in the liver and pancreas were high until day 6 PI. Histologically, necrotizing hepatitis and pancreatitis with intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in the inoculated chickens. These results indicate that some strains of serotype 8 FAV are able to reproduce not only gizzard erosion by oral inoculation but inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) by intramuscular inoculation.
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PMID:Pathogenicity of serotype 8 fowl adenovirus isolated from gizzard erosions of slaughtered broiler chickens. 1564 8

The challenges of the epidemic are not limited to concerns about bulk and weight. The disabilities caused by obesity are physiologic and psychosocial. The increased waist to hip girth is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. Obesity also has been related directly to increased risk of sleep apnea, cancer, gallbladder disease, musculoskeletal disorders, severe pancreatitis, bacterial panniculitis, diverticulitis, infertility, urinary incontinence, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. The psychosocial factors and quality of life in the obese population also have been documented. Although there is some debate, the obese have been found to be twice as likely to suffer from anxiety, impaired social interaction,and depression when compared with the nonobese population. Although advances in obesity surgery have resulted in long-term, lasting treatment of this disease and some of its comorbidities (ie, diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea), There is a pressing need to develop a comprehensive medical and nutrition plan to reduce the prevalence of this newly identified disease state. Some draw parallels to tobacco and the morbidity and mortality associated with its use. Perhaps there are similarities in these two epidemics. Both start with education of the population as to the morbidities and mortality associated with the disease. As with tobacco, this education is especially important for youth. Without a plan of education to promote nutrition and increased physical activity, and continued research into the causes of obesity, the prevalence of obesity will continue to rise in the United States.
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PMID:Epidemiology of obesity in the United States. 1582 34

Based on the rheographic studies of the postprandial transformation of the splanchnic blood flow and morphological study of the resected parts of the pancreas in patients with chronic fibrosing pancreatitis, the authors revealed functional and morphological attributes of local arterial hypertension and, at the stage of exacerbation of disease--manifestations of a vascular crisis. Local arterial hypertension with vascular crises originating on its basis is an important pathogenetic factor of the progression of chronic pancreatitis. It is assumed that local arterial hypertension develops against the background of depression of cholinergic effects and domination of sympathetic effects.
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PMID:[Local arterial hypertension in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis]. 1593 55

The clinical features, complications, and pharmacokinetics of intentional acute valproic acid (VPA) overdoses are described. Alteration in fatty acid metabolism is evaluated and therapy-induced changes are discussed. Central nervous system features were the predominant clinical manifestations (6/6), followed by respiratory failure (5/6) and multiorgan failure (2/6). Mechanical ventilation was required in 5 of 6 patients because of respiratory depression or deep coma. Hemodialysis was applied in 4/6 of the cases due to hyperammonemia, worsening neurologic condition, or organ dysfunction. Cerebral edema and hemorrhagic pancreatitis ensued in 2/6 of the patients and ICU mortality was 2/6. VPA peak levels ranged from 520 to 1700 mg/L with a mean of 1127 mg/L. Ammonia was elevated in all cases with a mean of 550 microg/dL. All patients showed signs of impaired mitochondrial beta-oxidation with increase of medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines in serum. Severe VPA overdose is associated with a high mortality rate requiring early medical interventions. Beside supportive intensive care, hemodialysis can be considered as an adjunctive measure.
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PMID:Acute valproate poisoning: pharmacokinetics, alteration in fatty acid metabolism, and changes during therapy. 1601 83

The normal feline pancreas has been evaluated using radiolabeled leukocytes (99mTc-HMPAO) and computed tomography. The purpose of this report is to describe a clinical case where both modalities were utilized to assess the inflamed feline pancreas. A nine year old female cat presented with anorexia, depression and some vomiting. Blood values were unremarkable. Radiographs and ultrasound were suggestive of pancreatitis. The cat's leukocytes were separated and labeled according to an established protocol. Whole body images were acquired immediately, at 5 and 30 min, and at 1, 2, 4, and 17 hours post injection. Approximately 48 h later, the animal was anesthetized and computed tomography of the abdomen was preformed both pre and post contrast. Surgical biopsies were taken. The distribution of the WBCs was similar to that documented in normal animals, however, at 2 h there was faint uptake seen in the region of the pancreas. This uptake became more intense at 4 h and persisted at 17 h. Computed tomography showed irregular margination of the pancreas, it was larger than normal and inhomogeneous. Contrast enhancement was inhomogeneous and its peak enhancement was not reached until 10 min post injection; normal feline pancreas enhances homogeneously and peaks immediately. Histopathology confirmed pancreatitis with lymphocytic, plasmacytic, neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammation and fibrosis. Radiolabeled leukocytes can be used to document pancreatic inflammation and this is best seen 4 h after injection. Computed tomography allows superior visualization of the pancreas. Both the appearance and contrast enhancement pattern of the inflamed pancreas differ from normal.
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PMID:Use of computed tomography and radiolabeled leukocytes in a cat with pancreatitis. 1605 Feb 87

The present study reports the clinical, virological and pathological findings observed in a natural outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in farmed commercial ducks. The ducks developed clinical signs, including mild respiratory distress, depression, mild diarrhoea, loss of appetite and increasing mortality (up to 12%). At necropsy, multifocal mottled necrosis was commonly found in the pancreas with splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and swollen kidneys. Microscopically, there was necrotized pancreatitis and hepatitis, and lymphocytic meningoencephalitis and myocarditis. Influenza viral antigen was demonstrated in areas closely associated with histopathological lesion. Avian influenza virus was isolated from the caecal tonsil, faeces, and kidney of the domestic ducks. The isolated virus was identified as a highly pathogenic H5N1, with a haemagglutinin proteolytic cleavage site deduced amino acid sequence of ... QREKRKKR/GLFGAIAG ... In order to determine the pathogenicity of the isolate, eight 6-week-old specific pathogen free chickens were inoculated intravenously with the virus, and all birds died within 24 h after inoculation. This is the first report of an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza with clinical signs in commercial domestic ducks in South Korea.
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PMID:Highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) in the commercial domestic ducks of South Korea. 1614 75

Valproic acid (VPA) is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug and is usually well tolerated, but rare serious complications may occur in some patients receiving VPA chronically, including haemorrhagic pancreatitis, bone marrow suppression, VPA-induced hepatotoxicity (VHT) and VPA-induced hyperammonaemic encephalopathy (VHE). Some data suggest that VHT and VHE may be promoted by carnitine deficiency. Acute VPA intoxication also occurs as a consequence of intentional or accidental overdose and its incidence is increasing, because of use of VPA in psychiatric disorders. Although it usually results in mild central nervous system depression, serious toxicity and even fatal cases have been reported. Several studies or isolated clinical observations have suggested the potential value of oral L-carnitine in reversing carnitine deficiency or preventing its development as well as some adverse effects due to VPA. Carnitine supplementation during VPA therapy in high-risk patients is now recommended by some scientific committees and textbooks, especially paediatricians. L-carnitine therapy could also be valuable in those patients who develop VHT or VHE. A few isolated observations also suggest that L-carnitine may be useful in patients with coma or in preventing hepatic dysfunction after acute VPA overdose. However, these issues deserve further investigation in controlled, randomized and probably multicentre trials to evaluate the clinical value and the appropriate dosage of L-carnitine in each of these conditions.
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PMID:Science review: carnitine in the treatment of valproic acid-induced toxicity - what is the evidence? 1627 30


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