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 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Physical inactivity increases the risk for heart disease, diabetes, colon cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, muscle and joint disorders, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. However, approximately one third of adults in the United States report no leisure-time physical activity, and rates of inactivity have been higher in January than in June. Among adults, the prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity is highest among those who are older, Hispanic, and residing in southern states. A national health objective for the year 2000 is to reduce to < or = 15% the proportion of persons reporting no leisure-time physical activity (objecive 1.5). To assist in monitoring efforts to achieve this objective, CDC analyzed data from the 1994 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance system (BRFSS) and estimated for each month the proportion of adults from selected demographic groups who reported no leisure-time physical activity. The findings indicate seasonal patterns in the prevalence of reported leisure-time physical inactivity; however, monthly rates of inactivity were higher and more stable among older persons, Hispanics, and residents of southern states.
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PMID:Monthly estimates of leisure-time physical inactivity--United States, 1994. 915 73

35 patients with syndrome of reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) were examined clinically by means of psychological tests, method of evoked skin sympathetic potentials (ESSP) and nociceptive flexor reflex R III. RSD syndrome had central origin (after strokes) in 17 patients (group I) while in 18 patients it arose after some peripheral damages (group II). RSD syndrome was characterised in both groups by triad of symptoms: acute pain, autonomic disorders and osteoporosis. Decreased life quality, high anxiety and depression were quite characteristic for the patients with RSD. Both significant prolongation of latent period and decrease of amplitudes of ESSP were observed on the damaged limb in both groups of patients. These damages were evidently connected with disorders of central-peripheral autonomic interactions in paretic limbs in group I, in group II they were conditioned by damages in peripheral sympathetic sudomotor fibers. Significant increase of both thresholds of pain perception and flexor reflex was found in patients with RSD while the value of the coefficient of their correlation was decreased. Such disorder might be caused by initial insufficiency of antinociceptive functions and that permitted to suggest the hypothesis about the role of this factor in pathogenesis of RSD syndrome and in development of chronic pain its leading symptom. The conclusion was drawn that development of RSD syndrome was not associated with location, severity and character of the damage, but it was conditioned mainly by the state of functions of cerebral antinociceptive systems as well as by emotional and personal peculiarities of the patients.
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PMID:[Reflex sympathetic dystrophy]. 921 82

To obtain information to guide future health care planning, data from government and other sources on the demographic and medical characteristics of menopausal Taiwanese women were reviewed. The average age at menopause, according to a 1995-96 study of 386 menopausal women in Taipei, is 49.5 +or- 2.3 years. In 1994, women aged 50 years and over comprised 18.3% of Taiwan's female population and 8.9% of the total population. 68% of menopausal women in the 1995-96 study reported lower back pain; other common symptoms included fatigue (59%), decreased memory (55%), vaginal dryness (50%), hot flashes (49%), insomnia (46%), loss of libido (46%), dry skin (41%), and depression (40%). After menopause, the prevalence of hypertension and coronary heart disease becomes higher among women than men. In addition, bone mineral density decreases markedly and 19.8% of women 65 years of age and over have experienced vertebral fractures. About 60% of malignant neoplasms diagnosed in 1992 involved women aged 50 years and older. By age 60 years, women's risk of cancer begins to increase substantially. An estimated 80% of Taiwanese women initiate hormone replacement therapy for relief of menopausal symptoms, prevention of cardiovascular disease, and prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Since 30% of menopausal women in Taiwan are currently widowed or unmarried, there is a need to design programs that offer psychosocial support as well as comprehensive medical care.
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PMID:Demographic characteristics and medical aspects of menopausal women in Taiwan. 934 80

Postmenopausal estrogen deprivation is a major cause for vasomotor and psychic complaints and for urogenital dysfunction, it is also a risk factor for osteoporosis, hip fracture, cardiovascular disease and possibly dementia. Hormone replacement therapy is highly effective in improving hot flushes, insomnia, depression and genital atrophia, but it prevents bone mineral loss and coronary heart disease as well. The potential risk for thromboembolism remains small and there is no final proof for a significant increase of breast cancer. Hysterectomized women may be treated with unopposed estrogens, otherwise progestogens must be added in a cyclic or continuous manner in order to protect the endometrium. Natural estrogens are to be preferred, they may be administered orally, percutaneously or vaginally. Long acting subcutaneous implants are also gaining interest. Prolonged treatment for many years is essential in order to be preventive. Compliance by motivation and comprehensive care is therefore indispensable.
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PMID:[Hormone substitution in menopause]. 938 Oct 46

This study describes the demographic and biophysical characteristics of rural menopausal women in Western Kenya. Menopause occurs as the gradual unresponsiveness of the human ovary to gonadotropins, premature ovarian failure at under 40 years, and menopause following surgical procedures of the uterus and ovaries. A 3-phase process starts with low serum estradiol and progesterone, followed by a rise in follicle stimulating hormone, and a rise in luteinizing hormone. Clinical symptoms include vasomotor ones, genitourinary ones, osteoporosis and increased incidence of bone fractures, increased incidence of thromboembolic and ischemic heart disease, and psychological symptoms of anxiety, depression, and memory loss. The age of menopause varies with socioeconomic conditions, race, parity, height, weight, skinfold thickness, lifestyle, and education. Data were obtained for this study from a sample of 1078 women from 7 sublocations in Vihiga division, Kenya. Women were aged 40-60 years. The most populous ethnic group was the Luhya. 81.6% were married, 15.6% were widowed, and 0.7% were divorced. 4 women had never been married. 75.1% had a primary school education; 18.6% had not received any formal education. 30.1% had husbands who were unskilled workers, 28.8% had husbands who were farmers, and 20.6% had husbands who were skilled workers. 1.3% had no children, and 1 woman had 17 children. The average number of children was 7.74. 9 of the nulliparous women were menopausal. The mean height was 161.1 cm. The median age at menopause was 48.28 years. Almost all women were menopausal by 55 years. The total fertility period averaged 35 years. Female life expectancy was 59 years.
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PMID:Median age at menopause in a rural population of western Kenya. 952 44

The patient with advanced osteoporosis presents with multisystem dysfunction, a decrease in ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs), and often both acute and chronic pain. These men and women may experience depression and loss of self-esteem as well as future disability and increasing physical dependence. In the short time and limited visits allowed, the home care nurse can act as advocate, teacher, and caregiver in helping these patients to reach the goals of maintaining function and improving their quality of life.
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PMID:Nursing interventions with advanced osteoporosis. 954 39

ACSM Position Stand on Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc., Vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 992-1008, 1998. By the year 2030, the number of individuals 65 yr and over will reach 70 million in the United States alone; persons 85 yr and older will be the fastest growing segment of the population. As more individuals live longer, it is imperative to determine the extent and mechanisms by which exercise and physical activity can improve health, functional capacity, quality of life, and independence in this population. Aging is a complex process involving many variables (e.g., genetics, lifestyle factors, chronic diseases) that interact with one another, greatly influencing the manner in which we age. Participation in regular physical activity (both aerobic and strength exercises) elicits a number of favorable responses that contribute to healthy aging. Much has been learned recently regarding the adaptability of various biological systems, as well as the ways that regular exercise can influence them. Participation in a regular exercise program is an effective intervention/ modality to reduce/prevent a number of functional declines associated with aging. Further, the trainability of older individuals (including octo- and nonagenarians) is evidenced by their ability to adapt and respond to both endurance and strength training. Endurance training can help maintain and improve various aspects of cardiovascular function (as measured by maximal VO2, cardiac output, and arteriovenous O2 difference), as well as enhance submaximal performance. Importantly, reductions in risk factors associated with disease states (heart disease, diabetes, etc.) improve health status and contribute to an increase in life expectancy. Strength training helps offset the loss in muscle mass and strength typically associated with normal aging. Additional benefits from regular exercise include improved bone health and, thus, reduction in risk for osteoporosis; improved postural stability, thereby reducing the risk of falling and associated injuries and fractures; and increased flexibility and range of motion. While not as abundant, the evidence also suggests that involvement in regular exercise can also provide a number of psychological benefits related to preserved cognitive function, alleviation of depression symptoms and behavior, and an improved concept of personal control and self-efficacy. It is important to note that while participation in physical activity may not always elicit increases in the traditional markers of physiological performance and fitness (e.g., VO2max, mitochondrial oxidative capacity, body composition) in older adults, it does improve health (reduction in disease risk factors) and functional capacity. Thus, the benefits associated with regular exercise and physical activity contribute to a more healthy, independent lifestyle, greatly improving the functional capacity and quality of life in this population.
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PMID:American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. Exercise and physical activity for older adults. 962 62

This article reviews the impact of osteoporosis on quality of life. It defines specific impairments and suggests how best to minimize the impact of osteoporosis on patients' daily lives. Specific issues such as a spinal deformity, limitations on activities of daily living, pain, functionality, social impairment, self esteem, and depression also are addressed. Finally, a multidisciplinary team approach to osteoporosis is advocated.
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PMID:Managing patients with complications of osteoporosis. 966 51

Women's health issues will be raised in the European Parliament in September, when members return from vacation. Nel van Dijk, Dutch Green party deputy, produced a report to the plenary for the assembly's Committee on Women's Rights; in the report, committee members urge action by the European Union (EU) and list recommendations for member-state governments. The report is in response to a publication by the European Commission, in May 1997, of a statistical survey developed from national data. The resolution by van Dijk urges EU-wide legalization of abortion in certain circumstances based on the final decision of the woman involved. In a motion for resolution by the Parliament, the committee was concerned that the Commission had dealt only summarily with the different situations regarding abortion in the member states and that it had not dealt with backstreet abortions. Originally, the report was slated for a session when attendance was poor, the closing Friday session before the July plenary's closing. Sufficient support was mustered from the floor of the assembly to move the report to an earlier point on the agenda; however, those opposed to the report managed to send it back to committee. Currently, the EU is acting on limited powers conferred by the 1992 Maastricht Treaty with regard to coordination of health policy in EU states. The van Dijk report details demands regarding EU research, information programs, and other initiatives concerning tampon-related toxic shock syndrome, osteoporosis, breast and cervical cancer, depression, hormonal treatments, female genital mutilation, and eating disorders. Sexual harassment and violence against women are also included; these are not covered by the Treaty. The report may be stalled indefinitely due to legislative business ahead of the June 1999 Euro-elections.
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PMID:Women's health issues cause controversy in European Union. 974 38

We compared calcaneal ultrasound measurements (speed of sound [SOS], broadband ultrasound attenuation [BUA], and stiffness index [SI]) of lesbian and heterosexual women to examine the medical and lifestyle risk factors for osteoporosis in each group. This was an exploratory, community-based, cross-sectional study. Subjects were mailed food frequency, health, and physical activity questionnaires. Weight, height, and calcaneal ultrasound measurements were taken at one office visit. In communities in southern and eastern Maine, 71 lesbians and 77 heterosexual women between the ages of 30 and 50 with regular menses and in good general health were the subjects. Statistical analysis used t-tests and chi-square tests to evaluate differences between study groups. Linear regression models were used to evaluate risk factors for low calcaneal ultrasound measurements. There were no differences between the lesbian and heterosexual women in age, body mass index (BMI), exercise, calcium intake, alcohol use, or calcaneal ultrasound measurements. There was a positive association between BUA and both BMI and alcohol consumption (p < 0.01). Antidepressant use significantly reduced SOS and SI (p < 0.05). There were no differences in calcaneal ultrasound measurements between lesbian and heterosexual women. BMI was strongly and positively associated with BUA. Antidepressant use in both populations was associated with a significant reduction in calcaneal bone mass. Studies are needed to define the relationship of depression and its treatment to bone mineral density and the future risk of osteoporosis.
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PMID:Screening calcaneal ultrasound and risk factors for osteoporosis among lesbians and heterosexual women. 978 17


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