Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effectiveness of the adolescent obesity intervention SHAPEDOWN was evaluated for 15 months through a randomized experimental design study. Test groups (no. = 37) participating in the intervention were compared with a no-treatment control group (no. = 29) at four sites in northern California. The program employs a variety of cognitive, behavioral, and affective techniques adapted to make successive small modifications in diet, exercise, communication, and affect that are sustainable. Very-low-calorie or restrictive diets are avoided in the program. Parents are instructed on strategies for supporting their adolescents' weight-loss efforts. Participation in the group application of the program was associated with significant improvement in relative weight, weight-related behavior, depression, and knowledge of weight management concepts at post-treatment and at 1-year follow-up. Self-esteem increased significantly regardless of condition. Change in relative weight for the test group was -9.9 +/- 14.9% (mean +/- standard deviation) and for the control group was -0.10 +/- 13.2%. At month 15 of the study period, weight change in the test group compared with the controls was -5.15 kg. For all subject variables examined in the test group, mean change in relative weight at 1-year follow-up was negative, suggesting that none of the characteristics examined contraindicate program participation among obese adolescents seeking care. Drop-out rate was 16%. The study suggests that the program produces significant long-term outcomes in obese adolescents and is transferable to a variety of settings.
 ...
PMID:Adolescent obesity intervention: validation of the SHAPEDOWN program. 381 54

The first 95 patients admitted to an inpatient Eating Disorders Program and diagnosed as having bulimia (binge eating only), bulimarexia (binging and purging), and anorexia nervosa (food restriction only) were evaluated for depression, suicidality, and family history. Major depression was found in 80% of patients; 20% had made suicide attempts in their life; and 40% of those attempting suicide made potentially lethal attempts. Patients with anorexia and bulimarexia tended to be younger, single, and Protestant. Patients with bulimarexia had overeating, oversleeping, more preoccupation with suicide, and more depression in their mothers. Patients with anorexia had more relatives with anorexia and bulimarexia, and patients with bulimia had more relatives with obesity. These findings suggest that eating disorders are unique disorders and not variants of affective disorder or alcoholism.
 ...
PMID:Depression and suicidality in eating disorders. 385 65

Ten patients with hypertension and obesity were studied during a program of weight loss on an unrestricted sodium diet. The study showed that weight loss during the ten month period was accompanied by a significant decrease in urinary aldosterone, tetrahydroaldosterone -3-glucuronide and plasma renin activity values. It was also demonstrated that successful reduction in body weight was associated with a reduction in blood pressure. It is postulated that blood pressure reduction in obese patients during weight reduction may depend on decreases in aldosterone and plasma renin activity. The reduction in levels of tetrahydroaldosterone-3-glucuronide is due to an energy related depression of the glucuronidation process caused by carbohydrate deficiency. It is postulated that the lowered rate of metabolism of aldosterone as measured by the diminished formation of the metabolite tetrahydroaldosterone-3-glucuronide is an important determinant of blood pressure status during weight reduction.
 ...
PMID:Aldosterone studies in obese patients with hypertension. 389 May 39

Central sleep apnea is a disorder characterized by apneic episodes during sleep with no associated ventilatory effort. More commonly than not these apneas are seen in patients who also have obstructive and mixed events. Although patients with this disorder frequently complain of insomnia and depression, frank hypersomnolence is rarely encountered. As these complaints are common ones seen in numerous clinical situations, and since sleep studies are rarely conducted to investigate their etiology, the true incidence of central sleep apnea has not been determined. The etiology of central apnea remains unknown, although the association between these breathing events and a number of other disease processes has increased our understanding of the disorder. Central apneas during sleep commonly occur after hyperventilation with the associated hypocapnic alkalosis. This occurs at high altitude when hyperventilation is induced by hypoxia and at sea level when spontaneous nocturnal hyperventilation occurs. This suggests that PCO2 is the primary stimulus to ventilation during sleep and that loss of this drive, as occurs with hypocapnia, may produce dysrhythmic breathing. Patients with complete absence of ventilatory chemosensitivity such as occurs with Ondine's curse (central alveolar hypoventilation) or the obesity-hypoventilation syndrome may also have central apneas. For reasons that remain unexplained, central sleep apnea is commonly seen in patients with congestive heart failure, nasal obstruction, and certain neurologic disorders. However, in most patients with central sleep apnea no obvious cause or association can be found. The treatment of this disorder is not entirely satisfactory. If it is severe, mechanical ventilation during sleep can be provided by any one of a number of techniques. However, for the patient who simply complains of insomnia and is found to have a moderate number of central apneas, the treatment choices are limited. Acetazolamide has been shown to decrease central apneas during short-term use, but results have been variable with prolonged administration. Other ventilatory stimulants seem to have little efficacy. Interestingly, oxygen administration has been shown to reduce central apneas considerably in a number of studies, although the explanation for its success is unknown. Central sleep apnea therefore remains a relatively rare disorder whose etiology is not fully understood and whose treatment is not completely satisfactory.
 ...
PMID:Central sleep apnea. 393 82

Lipids and lipoproteins were measured in 139 men and 145 women who were noninsulin-dependent diabetics (NIDDs) aged 45 to 64 years. Of these, 27 men and 16 women had had a previous definite myocardial infarction (MI). The NIDDs with MI (MI+) showed lower values of HDL and HDL2 cholesterol concentrations than NIDDs without previous MI (MI-) or NIDDS without any symptoms or electrocardiographic signs of coronary heart disease (CHD-). The inverse relationship between HDL, HDL2, and CHD was evident in both sexes, but it was particularly strong among male NIDDs. The difference in HDL and HDL2 cholesterol concentrations between the MI+ and MI- groups or between the MI+ and CHD- groups persisted after adjustment by analysis of covariance for the effect of physical activity, alcohol intake, obesity, duration of diabetes, and glycemic control. It is concluded that in a cross-sectional study, even among NIDDs with generally low HDL and HDL2 cholesterol concentrations, the presence of CHD is associated with a further depression of HDL and HDL2 cholesterol levels. Prospective studies are needed, however, to confirm that the association is predictive and not a consequence of CHD.
 ...
PMID:Association of low HDL and HDL2 cholesterol with coronary heart disease in noninsulin-dependent diabetics. 407 98

The article reports upon the characteristics of 300 abortion applicants in Arkansas manifesting significant stress from unwanted pregnancy between May 1, 1970 and June 30, 1971. The sample is limited by the fact that all of these women had been willing to seek medical aid. Patients ranged from ages 13-47, 131 of them ages 17-21. 35% had had some college education; another 29% were high school graduates. 50.6%, 20.6%, and 27.3% were single, divorced, and married, respectively. 59.6% of the patients were primiparas. 18.3%, 9.6%, and 12.3% were classified as being neurotic, having psychophysiologic tendencies (gastrointestinal problems, obesity, chronic headaches), and having sociopathic features (passive-aggressive, frankly rebellious, delinquent, antisocial, alcoholic), respectively. 12 women had noticeable schizoid features; 4 women had mildly active schizophrenia. Fathers of the women were usually blue-collar workers (55.3%) or white-collar workers (24.6%). The most frequent ordinal sibling position among the women was oldest child (38%). Parental instability (1 or both parents lost through death, divorce, father usually away working, chronic alcoholism, etc.) was reported by 39.6% of the patients. Patients' attitudes toward the unwanted pregnancy included dislike of inexpediency of the situation (82.6%), self-depreciation (55.6%), and aversion (28.6%). Precipitated psychiatric disorders were for the greatest part mild. Manifesting symptoms included depression (66.7%), anxiety (21%), and mixed anxiety and depression (12.2%). Suicidal threats and gestures were made by 22 and 8 patients, respectively. In summary, the study reveals a group of predominantly Caucasian women from unstable, middle-class urban families who were going through an adjustment reaction to adolescence or adult life.
 ...
PMID:Abortion applicants in Arkansas. 426 12

The relationship of the endogenous opioid system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to obesity was studied. Morning levels of plasma cortisol and beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in obese patients before diet treatment were found to be no different from those in matched family members of normal weight. In 32 untreated obese patients, no relationship between weight or body mass index (a measurement of obesity) and plasma levels of beta-endorphin immunoreactivity or cortisol was found. However, plasma cortisol levels were significantly correlated with obese patient ratings on the depression subscale of the General Health Questionnaire. Dexamethasone administration failed to suppress plasma beta-endorphin levels in untreated obese patients, but this finding has been reported in normal subjects in whom a similar assay methodology was used; it suppressed plasma cortisol levels in 29 of 32. The three patients resistant to suppression also suffered from benign essential hypertension. Plasma beta-endorphin immunoreactivity was unchanged, but cortisol levels significantly decreased as weight was lost on a 400-calorie/day modified protein fast. Patients who failed to complete the 6-month diet program had significantly increased plasma beta-endorphin levels compared to those who successfully completed the program.
 ...
PMID:Plasma cortisol and beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in human obesity. 609 83

The pathophysiological basis of pulmonary atelectasis is reviewed and risk factors that enhance lung collapse are discussed. Management strategies to reduce or eliminate risk factors and to prevent collapse are discussed and the rational bases of these strategies are identified. Instability of lung alveoli is a consequence of surface tension and regional differences in alveolar size. The inherent tendency of alveoli to collapse is enhanced by the following risk factors; low lung volume, high closing volume, oxygen therapy, a rapid shallow ventilatory pattern, chronic lung disease, smoking, obesity, postoperative pain following abdominal or thoracic surgery, narcotic induced ventilatory depression, and neurological, neuromuscular, muscular and musculoskeletal diseases associated with mechanical impairment of respiratory function. The primary goal of perioperative respiratory management is prevention of atelectasis. Appropriate management strategies include physiotherapy and delay of elective surgery if substantial improvement in respiratory status can be achieved by specific treatments such as antibiotics, bronchodilators, steroids, and reduction of tobacco use and caloric intake. In selected cases, elective postoperative controlled ventilation may be indicated.
 ...
PMID:Pulmonary atelectasis after anaesthesia: pathophysiology and management. 611 89

Due to asymmetry of brain neurotransmitters and differential hemispheric information processing modes, it is suggested that the excessive use of one information processing mode could engender a state of brain reactivity whose neurochemical correlates would be either a rise in melatonin or beta-endorphin in systemic circulation. Since melatonin and beta-endorphin have opposite effects on lung-mediated regulation of prostaglandins, it is further suggested that the pulmonary inactivation of prostaglandin E1 would either be increased or inhibited. Low levels of PGE1 would engender high levels of PGE2 whose effects would explain the findings in schizophrenics of: 'reducing' pattern of visual evoked response, cerebral atrophy, and viral and autoimmune phenomena. The primacy of the disordered cognitive style in leading up to the immunological, biochemical and neuropathological processes is stressed. Implications of this model for understanding depression, anxiety and phobic disorders, autism, attention deficit disorder, obesity, alcoholism, smoking, drug addiction, sexual deviations, and certain psychosomatic and psychophysiological disorders are suggested.
 ...
PMID:How information processing mode could affect prostaglandin E1 metabolism and lung inactivation: relevance of hemispheric specialization, neurotransmitter asymmetry and brain reactivity. 614 17

The occurrence of episodes of obstructive apnoea during sleep is encouraged by a variety of factors: local anatomical abnormalities, degree of activation of the autonomous nervous system, obesity, central nervous system depression from alcohol or drug consumption, deprivation or fragmentation of sleep. Each of these factors can play a predominant role in the development of the syndrome and their demonstration can contribute to our understanding of the success or failure of the different treatments. The authors' therapeutic experience includes mainly healthy living associated with treatment of systemic disorders and use of medroxyprogesterone and protriptyline. These therapeutic measures can be supplemented, if needed, by palatopharyngoplasty with or without temporary tracheostomy.
 ...
PMID:[Sleep apnea syndrome]. 623 Jun 13


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10