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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred and eighteen of 142 morbidly obese women had gastric restriction surgery after completing self-report questionnaire measures of psychosocial adjustment as part of their preoperative psychiatric assessment. Compared with an age-matched normal population, they scored significantly higher on measures of phobic anxiety, somatization, depression, hostility, and marital dissatisfaction, the last being associated mainly with later onset obesity. Factor analysis of questionnaire and weight data showed that weight was largely independent of psychological adjustment, although associations occurred when analysis was restricted to the data on married women, in which marital and self-assertion abnormalities loaded significantly on the same factor.
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PMID:Psychological status of morbidly obese women before gastric restriction surgery. 343 Apr 23

This study shows fluoxetine to be a potent anorectic agent in non-depressed clinically overweight individuals. It is as effective an anorexic compound as a currently available appetite control agent, benzphetamine, and highly significantly more effective than the placebo treatment. A relative lack of serious side-effects and a low abuse potential make it an interesting drug in the slim armamentarium of agents that are used to treat the overweight. If the lack of tolerance to the effects of this drug seen in the long-term studies of depression is confirmed in long-term studies of obese patients, fluoxetine may have a major part to play in the treatment of the obese patient where weight loss is medically indicated. This would include the morbidly obese, the type II diabetic, and the hypertensive patient. Although ideally behavior modification should accompany the drug treatment for obesity, clinical practice indicates that in many cases, patients will not follow through with the behavioral treatment. A strictly medical prescription of an acceptable pharmacologic agent like fluoxetine on a chronic or long-term basis may provide a new possibility for the treatment of these individuals.
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PMID:Fluoxetine-induced weight loss in overweight non-depressed humans. 350 92

Obesity appears to be one of today's most common health problems. Its incidence has doubled in the past 75 years (Waxler & Leef, 1969), and it is estimated that 45 million Americans are obese (body weight 15% over ideal weight). There also seems to be preoccupation with dieting, as evidenced by the proliferation of weight-control devices and schemes. It has been noted that depression, distorted body image, problems in peer and family relations, and poor school performance are evident among the obese (Bowers, Faulkner, & Michel, 1979). The literature is replete with evidence of body image distortion in obesity. Among the factors contributing to this distortion are age of onset, presence of emotional disturbance, and negative evaluation of the obese person by significant others (Wineman, 1980). Since body image is an important concept, perhaps movement can be made to other areas of self-concept, such as family, social, identity, and personal conceptions of selfhood. The purpose of this study is to provide information about the total self-concept of obese students as compared to nonobese students in a junior nursing class. A determination is made of the relationships between self-concept and variables of obesity, age of onset, and social class. Implications for nursing care are described.
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PMID:Comparison of self-concept of nonobese and obese university junior female nursing students. 359 6

We report the total clinical experience for one family medicine resident who documented every patient encounter during his three years of residency training, and compare experience with model practice patients with that in other training sites. There were 7,671 encounters with 4,449 patients, for 17,660 problem contacts and 679 procedures. Encounter and problem activity for model practice patients constituted one fifth of the total experience. Model practice patients were older than patients, and were seen more often in the office than in the hospital. Most clinical experience with acute infections, depression, and obesity was gained with model practice patients. Most experience with pneumonia, normal delivery, myocardial infarction, and chronic lung disease was acquired with other patients, and most procedures were performed on them. Personal patients of the resident within the model practice provided the greatest experience with continuity of care. These data support the value of the model practice as an important supplement to traditional hospital-based patient populations for training family physicians.
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PMID:Clinical experience during family medicine residency training. 360 11

In order to investigate the relationship between health practices and depressive mood, a survey was made by mail questionnaire on 3,987 industrial workers, which included items on 8 health practices and Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (Zung SDS). A total of 3,160 or 79.3% responded to the questionnaire. Multivariate analysis was employed to control the effects of possible confounders, such as demographic, job- and health-related variables. As the results, the following four health practices were found to be significantly related to low depressive score in male cases (N = 2,779): eating breakfast regularly, habitual physical activity, moderate alcohol consumption, and obesity not less than -10%. The following three health practices were found in female cases (N = 381) to be significantly related to low depression score: sleeping regularly 7-8 h per night, habitual physical activity, and non-smoker. It is considered that these health practices might decrease depressive mood, but further analysis is needed to determine their causal relationships because of the cross-sectional design of the present study.
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PMID:[Relationship between health practices and depressive mood among industrial workers]. 361 50

The effect of two mutant genes for obesity (ob/ob) and diabetes (db/db) on the accumulation rate of radiolabeled estradiol was examined in female C57BL/KsJ mice. Mutant mice were match-paired with normal (+/?) animals at 16 weeks of age. All ob/ob and db/db mice exhibited overt obesity and hyperglycemia relative to normals. The distribution and uptake of the radiolabeled estradiol was subsequently examined in specified CNS and peripheral tissues. In all cases, the db/db and ob/ob mutant conditions resulted in a depressed cellular accumulation of radiolabeled estradiol in both CNS and peripheral tissues relative to normal mice. The ob/ob mutation resulted in a more severe depression of tissue estradiol uptake than did the db/db mutation. These studies indicate that the abnormal metabolic and hormonal states induced by the mutations, and not the mere presence of the genomic mutation itself, probably accounts for the depressed cellular affinity for gonadal steroids in these murine models.
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PMID:Obese (ob/ob) and diabetes (db/db) mutations: two factors modulating brain and peripheral tissue accumulation of estradiol in C57BL/KsJ mice. 365 29

Forty-five severely obese patients were treated with jaw fixation as a means of initiating weight loss. Patients who reported eating for consolation showed significantly greater difficulties in maintaining the achieved weight loss than the others. This finding constitutes further evidence of a relationship between obesity and depression. Low capacity to experience feelings of aggressiveness also seems to be linked to poor treatment results.
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PMID:Psychiatric determinants of weight changes in jaw-fixed obese patients. 370 97

As part of a general health survey of a small New Zealand town, the Crow-Crisp Experiential Index, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, a shortened version of the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire, and the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale were administered to 1173 subjects over the age of 15. Blood pressure was moderately correlated with age and Quetelet's Index, a measure of obesity. Low but significant correlations were found between Somatic Anxiety, Hysteria, and the Urge to Act-out Hostility scale. However, when effects of age were controlled for, in a series of multiple regression analyses, the correlations with psychometric test scores were no longer significant. This study confirms several previous reports that neuroticism, anxiety, depression, and hostility are of little significant in predicting levels of blood pressure in the general population.
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PMID:The relationship between blood pressure and personality in a large unselected adult sample. 373 80

An experimental evaluation of a cognitive self-instructional procedure for increasing self-control of eating was carried out in a weight reduction programme for obese women. All subjects received a 'core', 16 week long treatment programme of nutritional advice and encouragement provided by five group meetings and one individual session. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive only the core programme, or the core programme plus seven individual sessions of one of three types of treatment. Thus there were four treatment conditions: (a) Cognitive Rehearsal (Self-instructional training attempting to teach subjects to resist temptation through the self-directing power of inner speech), (b) Insight Control (teaching subjects to become aware of, but not to change, unhelpful cognitions), (c) Individual Contact Control (encouragement and nondirective discussion of dieting) and (d) Group Contact Control (core programme only). Of the 94 subjects entering the programme 74 completed the 16 weeks of treatment and 69 were followed up a year later. There were no significant differences between treatments in obesity reduction either at the end of treatment or at followup. There were significant reductions in anxiety and depression and in initially unrealistically high outcome expectations. Initial weight loss, an apparently important variable, predicted subsequent losses.
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PMID:An evaluation of self-instructional training in the treatment of obesity. 373 98

Exercise merits special consideration in caring for postmenopausal women, who face both the normal physical decline accompanying aging and climacteric changes resulting from diminished ovarian function. Regular physical exercise may decrease a woman's risk of developing several medical illnesses, including osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and depression. Moreover, regular exercise has been shown to have a beneficial effect on flexibility, coordination, mood, and alertness. Physicians bear a special responsibility in encouraging and motivating their older patients. At this juncture in their lives, many postmenopausal women seek guidance and assistance from their doctors.
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PMID:Exercise in the postmenopausal woman. 380 30


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