Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of conscious sedation by propofol on respiration were studied in 28 patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy under spinal anesthesia. The patients were randomly assigned to receive conscious sedation by propofol (Group P, n = 20) or no sedation (Group C, n = 8). After a satisfactory level of analgesia had been achieved, a loading dose of propofol, 0.2 mg.kg-1 was administered every minute in Group P until patients exhibited spontaneous eye closure or nystagmus. Thereafter, the infusion rates were adjusted to maintain conscious sedation. Respiratory rate, SpO2 and nasal PETCO2 were measured every minute during the initial 30 minutes and subsequently at 5-min intervals. The patients were questioned on the 1st postoperative day concerning intraoperative recall and the level of satisfaction. The mean loading dose of propofol was 0.4 mg.kg-1 and the mean mainteinance rate was 1.7 +/- 0.5 mg.kg-1.h-1. Compared with Group C, the respiratory depression was less in Group P; SpO2 was significantly higher at 25 min after spinal tap and PETCO2 was significantly lower at 30 and 50 min after spinal tap in Group P. A score of patient satisfaction was significantly higher in Group P. Conscious sedation by propofol is a safe and useful supplement to spinal anesthesia for abdominal hysterectomy.
 ...
PMID:[The effects of conscious sedation by propofol on respiration during abdominal hysterectomy under spinal anesthesia]. 1142 62

The horizontal vestibulo-oculomotor reflex was studied in pigmented rats during the first 5 days after a unilateral chemical or surgical vestibular deafferentation. Spontaneous eye movements in darkness and slow phase velocity gain of compensatory eye movements during horizontal sinusoidal rotation were evaluated. The most evident vestibulo-oculomotor symptom immediately after a unilateral vestibular loss was a spontaneous nystagmus, which gradually abated during the following days. Further, an asymmetry between ipsi- and contra-lesional gains was evident during sinusoidal vestibular stimulation. Single systemic doses of the GABA(B) receptor antagonist [3-[1-(S)-[[3-(cyclohexylmethyl)-hydroxyphosphinoyl]-2-(S)-hydroxypropyl]amino]ethyl]-benzoic acid (CGP 56433A), the agonist baclofen, or the GABA(A) receptor agonist (4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo-[5,4-c]-pyridin-3-ol (THIP) were given at different intervals after unilateral vestibular deafferentation. CGP 56433A highly aggravated the vestibulo-oculomotor symptoms, observed as an increase in spontaneous nystagmus and slow phase velocity gain asymmetry. This effect was most pronounced during the first 2 days after unilateral vestibular loss, when CGP 56433A even decompensated the vestibular system to the extent that all vestibular responses were abolished. Baclofen caused no effect during the first days after unilateral vestibular loss, but in parallel with the abatement of spontaneous nystagmus, the drug equilibrated or even reversed the remaining spontaneous nystagmus with corresponding effects on the slow-phase velocity gain asymmetry. The effects of baclofen were very similar after both chemical and surgical deafferentation. THIP caused a slight depression of all vestibular responses. All single dose effects of the drugs were transient. Altogether these results reveal that endogenous stimulation of GABA(B) receptors in GABA-ergic vestibulo-oculomotor circuits are important for reducing the vestibular asymmetry during the early period after unilateral vestibular deafferentation. A possible role for GABA(B) receptors in the reciprocal inhibitory commissural pathways in the vestibular nuclei is suggested.
 ...
PMID:Early compensation of vestibulo-oculomotor symptoms after unilateral vestibular loss in rats is related to GABA(B) receptor function. 1203 49

Pigmented, head restrained rats were rotated on a turntable about a tilted axis (off-vertical axis rotation; OVAR) in darkness. Evoked eye movements in the horizontal, vertical and torsional planes were recorded simultaneously with a dual search coil in a magnetic field, horizontal response components of both eyes were recorded with a coil on either eye. OVAR resulted in a persisting horizontal, unidirectional ocular nystagmus, compensatory in direction for the rotation of head in space. Superimposed upon this nystagmus were slower cyclic responses of the eye in the vertical and torsional movement planes, that were tightly phase locked with changing head positions in space: ocular depression/elevation with right ear up/down and ocular intorsion/extorsion with nose up/down. Simultaneous recordings of horizontal response components from both eyes revealed phase and gain differences between the horizontal movement components of both eyes, that resulted in a cyclic modulation of the vergence angle. Convergence of the lines of sight during nose up and divergence during nose down, adequate compensatory responses in light for changes in the viewing distance, were actually observed in darkness. Thus the utricular maculo-ocular reflex takes part of the visual consequences of a translational gaze shift into account. It reduces expected retinal disparities by appropriate and rapid vertical, torsional and vergence response components in the same way as canal-ocular reflexes 'compensate' for direction and velocity of expected retinal image slip during head rotation.
 ...
PMID:Spatial Organization of the Maculo-Ocular Reflex of the Rat: Responses During Off-Vertical Axis Rotation. 1210 78

The experience of depression and anxiety among a sample of 91 patients with complaints of vertigo or dizziness was assessed using a widely available screening instrument, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Questionnaires to assess reported symptoms, self-esteem and social support were also administered. On the basis of clinical vestibular testing, 53% of participants were classified as having a labyrinthine disorder (canal paresis or positional vertigo), 22% as having a vestibular imbalance (spontaneous nystagmus or directional preponderance), and 251% as having no identifiable vestibular abnormality (negative test results). Based on the self-report measures using the screening instrument, 17% of the sample could be classified as depressed, and 29% as anxious. The presence of a vestibular lesion (based on clinical findings) was not associated with reported depression (F (3, 72) = 0.98, p = 0.41). The variables were entered into a hierarchical multiple regression analysis with depression as the dependent variable. A model emerged which accounted for 50% of the variance. Three variables comprised the final model: anxiety (beta = 0.44, p < 0.001), self-esteem (beta = 0.27, p < 0.01), and satisfaction with social support (beta = 0.25, p < 0.01). The results demonstrate the value of identifying psychosocial factors, as well as disease characteristics, among patients presenting at neurootology clinics. In particular, the findings highlight the importance of screening for emotional distress in this patient group, regardless of clinical test results or severity of self-reported symptoms.
 ...
PMID:Screening for depression among neuro-otology patients with and without identifiable vestibular lesions. 1270 81

Salt poisoning has been described under various circumstances in adult cattle. Presenting clinical signs in 6 Holstein beef cattle with such poisoning were primarily dysfunction of the central nervous system and included ataxia, opisthotonus, nystagmus, depression, muscle twitching and intermittent convulsions, as well as abdominal pain and polydipsia. Diarrhea occurred in 2, and blindness in 3/6 cattle. Hypernatremia (161.8 - 178.8 mmol/L) and hyperosmolality (331.81 - 366.18 mOsm/L) were present in all animals. To treat the affected cattle, access to fresh water was restricted, vascular volume was expanded with isotonic saline and then hypotonic fluid (5% Dextrose solution) i.v. and dexamethasone im was administered. Although biochemical parameters returned to normal reference ranges, 3/6 affected animals remained blind.
 ...
PMID:Salt poisoning in beef cattle. 1508 Feb 19

Chlorophenoxy herbicides are used widely for the control of broad-leaved weeds. They exhibit a variety of mechanisms of toxicity including dose-dependent cell membrane damage, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and disruption of acetylcoenzyme A metabolism. Following ingestion, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea and, occasionally, gastrointestinal haemorrhage are early effects. Hypotension, which is common, is due predominantly to intravascular volume loss, although vasodilation and direct myocardial toxicity may also contribute. Coma, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, ataxia, nystagmus, miosis, hallucinations, convulsions, fasciculation and paralysis may then ensue. Hypoventilation is commonly secondary to CNS depression, but respiratory muscle weakness is a factor in the development of respiratory failure in some patients. Myopathic symptoms including limb muscle weakness, loss of tendon reflexes, myotonia and increased creatine kinase activity have been observed. Metabolic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis, renal failure, increased aminotransferase activities, pyrexia and hyperventilation have been reported. Substantial dermal exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) has led occasionally to systemic features including mild gastrointestinal irritation and progressive mixed sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy. Mild, transient gastrointestinal and peripheral neuromuscular symptoms have occurred after occupational inhalation exposure. In addition to supportive care, urine alkalinization with high-flow urine output will enhance herbicide elimination and should be considered in all seriously poisoned patients. Haemodialysis produces similar herbicide clearances to urine alkalinization without the need for urine pH manipulation and the administration of substantial amounts of intravenous fluid in an already compromised patient.
 ...
PMID:Poisoning due to chlorophenoxy herbicides. 1557 61

The aim of this study was to verify the efficacy of a modified Odkvist titration protocol of intratympanic gentamicin application in the control of vertigo attacks and the effects on the auditory and vestibular function in a group of 71 patients affected by monolateral MD resistant to medical therapy. All the patients underwent an intratympanic administration of a 1-ml solution containing 26.6 mg of gentamicin sulfate. The treatment protocol provided one to three injections for a total amount of gentamicin varying from 26.6 to 80 mg. Five days after the first gentamicin administration, cochlear and vestibular function tests were performed. The worsening of the PTA greater than 15 dB, the appearance of clinical signs of vestibulotoxicity such as imbalance or persistent spontaneous nystagmus beating away from the injected ear or of a "curative vertigo" were the criteria taken into consideration to stop the treatment. In the absence of any sign, a second and third injection were performed. The presence of an unchanged frequency of the attacks at least 3 months after the previous cycle was the parameter considered to perform a second or third cycle. Seventeen (24%) patients were submitted to a second cycle of therapy and two (3%) to a third cycle. After a mean follow-up period of 20.3 months (range: 3 to 48) all 71 patients experienced good control of the vertigo attacks: grade A in 46 cases and grade B in 25 cases according to the AAO-HNS CoHE criteria. The pure tone average (PTA) hearing threshold (500-3,000 Hz) worsened in 19 patients, improved in 5 and was unchanged in 47. On the basis of the experience acquired during the treatment, we progressively decreased the number of injections from 3/cycle to a 1-2/cycle of therapy. Moreover, in the later phase of the study re-injections were administered 1 or 2 weeks after the previous application and avoided in the presence of signs of depression of the vestibular and/or cochlear function. A residual caloric excitability was found in 30% of the cases. Vertigo control doesn't seem to be linked to the achievement of vestibular inexcitability. The marker of successful gentamicin treatment at short-term is the appearance of signs of curative vertigo and/or vestibular imbalance, and at long-term the disappearance of vertigo attacks.
 ...
PMID:Intratympanic gentamicin in monolateral Meniere's disease: our experience. 1602 60

Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is an Alphavirus that is endemic in the Southeastern United States. From 1993 to January 2005, the Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory in Tifton, Georgia, performed postmortem examinations on over 101 domestic canines exhibiting clinical neurological disturbances. In 12 of these dogs, brains were histologically suggestive of infection with EEEV. All dogs were less than 6 months of age, with no breed predilection. Clinical signs included pyrexia, depression, nystagmus, and lateral recumbency. Microscopically, brains from all 12 puppies contained infiltrates of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histiocytes, with occasional neutrophils and random foci of astrocytosis and gliosis. There were mild to moderate perivascular infiltrates of neutrophils along with scattered lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages in the meninges. Viruses isolated from brain homogenates of all 12 puppies were confirmed by indirect fluorescent antibody testing to be EEEV. Additionally, RNA extracted from the brains and viral cultures of 2 dogs were determined by a specific reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to contain EEEV. The single available serum sample exhibited a 1:8 serum neutralization titer to EEEV.
 ...
PMID:Eastern equine encephalitis in dogs. 1647 27

Sixty-one birds of prey admitted to The Wildlife Center of Virginia (WCV; Waynesboro, Virginia, USA) from June to November 2003 were tested for West Nile virus (WNV) infection. Choanal and/or cloacal swabs were obtained and submitted to Virginia's Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services (Richmond, Virginia, USA) for analysis with real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Forty birds of prey were positive for WNV by RT-PCR. Five avian families and nine species of raptors were represented, with great horned owls (Bubo virginianus) and red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) most frequently affected. Presenting clinical signs were consistent with previous reports of WNV infection in raptors; however, these differed between species. Of WNV positive birds, nonspecific signs of illness were the most common clinical findings, particularly in red-tailed hawks; signs included dehydration (n = 20), emaciation (n = 18), and depression (n = 15). Neurologic abnormalities were frequently identified, especially in great horned owls, and included head tremors (n = 17), ataxia (n = 13), head incoordination (n = 7), torticollis (n = 3), nystagmus (n = 3), and head tilt (n = 3). Great horned owls exhibited anemia and leukocytosis with heterophilia, eosinophilia, and monocytosis consistent with chronic inflammation. Red-tailed hawks were anemic with a heterophilic leukocytosis and regenerative left shift. The majority of WNV cases occurred during August and September; there was a marked increase in the number of raptors admitted to WCV during these months followed by a marked decrease during October, November, and December. This pattern differed from mean monthly admissions during the previous 10 years and suggests a negative impact on local raptor populations. The effects of WNV on avian populations are largely unknown; however, because of their ecological importance, further investigation of the effects of WNV on raptor populations is warranted.
 ...
PMID:West Nile virus in raptors from Virginia during 2003: clinical, diagnostic, and epidemiologic findings. 1687 Aug 56

The number of patients submitted to bariatric surgery to treat morbid obesity is increasing, therefore, some nutritional deficiencies, with which many physicians are no longer familiarized, are reappearing. Postoperatively, many nutritional disorders may occur, one of them is thiamine deficiency (beriberi). The thiamine and/or vitamin B12 deficiency can correspond to 40% of the neuropathy cases after bariatric surgery. Two patients with the clinic of peripheral neuropathy and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome will be reported. Some months after the surgery, they presented prostration, depression, mental confusion and nystagmus, associated with pain and paresthesia in limbs (especially lower limbs). With the diagnostic hypothesis of beriberi, the treatment with thiamine started. One of the patients presented complete improvement of the neurological symptoms, however the other one remained with motor deficiency, exactly the one who spent a longer period of time between the symptoms appearance and the treatment beginning. These cases serve to alert us about the importance of nutritional vigilance after bariatric surgery.
 ...
PMID:[Beriberi after bariatric surgery: not an unusual complication. Report of two cases and literature review]. 1693 99


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>