Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A differentiation between the normal sensation of tiredness and the symptom "fatigue" is often difficult. Both are influenced by cultural, social, psychological and biological factors, which can lead--interactively--to symptom formation. Psychiatric disorders frequently associated with fatigue are all forms of depression, somatization and anxiety disorders, chronic pain states and drug abuse among many others. In at least 2/3 of patients with the fashionable chronic fatigue syndrome--formerly called neurasthenia--a psychiatric diagnosis can be made, most of them also suffer from many symptoms attributes to the autonomous nervous system. The clinical approach should be cautious avoiding diagnostic and therapeutic overaction and therapy should emerge from a diagnosis properly assessed.
 ...
PMID:[Intense fatigue in humans. Psychosocial and cultural aspects]. 175 73

Studies have shown that a proportion of patients with severe chronic infection due to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lack antibody to a component of EBV nuclear antigen. However, it is not clear whether this circumstance is one of cause or effect in regard to the pathogenesis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS); it is clearly not pathognomonic since it also occurs in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus and--rarely--in those with other EBV-related conditions. Stress and depression may be other pathogenetic mechanisms that could reactivate EBV and lead to CFS; examples of this phenomenon are given. The syndrome might also follow certain other viral infections as part of a process that has been called postinfectious neurasthenia. Currently, the cause(s) and cure of CFS, a common and distressing syndrome, are enigmatic and require multidisciplinary study.
 ...
PMID:Chronic fatigue syndrome: thoughts on pathogenesis. 185 May 44

This study aimed to investigate the psychological characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS: Holmes et al. 1988). A battery of psychometric instruments comprising the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Lazarus Ways of Coping (WoC) inventory, was administered to a sample of clinically-defined CFS sufferers (N = 58), to a comparison group of chronic pain (CP) patients (N = 81) and to a group of healthy controls matched for sex and age with the CFS sample (N = 104). Considerable overlap was found between CFS and CP patients at the level of both physical and psychological symptoms. This raises the possibility that CFS sufferers are a sub-population of CP patients. However, while there was some commonality between CFS and CP patients in terms of personality traits, particularly the MMPI 'neurotic triad' (hypochondriasis, depression and hysteria), CFS patients showed more deviant personality traits reflecting raised levels on the first MMPI factor, emotionality. Moreover, results were not consistent with the raised emotionality being a reaction to the illness, but rather were consistent with the hypothesis that emotionality is a predisposing factor for CFS. The majority of CFS patients fell within four personality types, each characterized by the two highest MMPI scale scores. One type (N = 20) reported a lack of psychological symptoms or emotional disturbance contrary to the overall trend for the CFS sample. This group conformed to the ICD-10 classification of neurasthenia.
 ...
PMID:Psychiatric symptoms, personality and ways of coping in chronic fatigue syndrome. 187 40

In the 1980s, patients suffering from unexplained fatigue and what seemed like a prolonged attack of acute mononucleosis were given the diagnosis of chronic mononucleosis or chronic infection with the Epstein-Barr virus. Although the diagnosis has great appeal, the Epstein-Barr virus does not cause the syndrome (CFS) of chronic fatigue, which has been renamed and redefined chronic fatigue syndrome to remove the inference that the virus is its cause. From a historical perspective, both syndromes represent the 1980s equivalent of neurasthenia, a disease of fatigue that influenced the development of psychiatric nosology. Because patients with depression and anxiety also have chronic fatigue and because most patients with CFS have an affective disorder, the assessment of organic causes of this syndrome requires careful psychiatric diagnosis and treatment. Defining chronic fatigue syndrome as a medical disorder may deprive patients of competent treatment of their affective disorder.
 ...
PMID:Neurasthenia in the 1980s: chronic mononucleosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, and anxiety and depressive disorders. 218 52

In the present paper, the results are summarized of MMPI measurements in 210 cases of neurosis. They, by the criteria of Chinese T score, show an increase in the scales 1, 2, 3 and 7 and have an identical rate of 87.5%. Hence, it is reasonable for the scales above to be designated as the coding model of neurosis. In every type of neurosis the scales 1, 2, 3 and 7 have a tendency to increase, but there is a slight difference in their highest point and kurtosis. In depression neurosis, neurasthenia and anxiety neurosis the scale 2 (D) increases dominantly; in hysteria, the scale 3 (HY); in hypochondria, the scale 1 (HS); in phobic and compulsion neurosis, the scale 7. Therefore, MMPI measurements can be useful for clinical classification of neurosis.
 ...
PMID:[Analyzing MMPI examination in patients with neurosis by the criteria of Chinese T score]. 225 3

A total of 230 patients with neurocirculatory dystonia (NCD) were investigated. Different mental disorders associated with the atherogenic nature of dyslipoproteinemia were revealed in the majority of patients using the clinical scale and MMPI test. Psychotropic agents used for a period of 2-4 mos improved the mental status of these patients, increased exercise tolerance, and decreased blood levels of free fatty acids (FFA). A course of exercise training (graded walking) for 4-6 mos. helped to enhance exercise tolerance, to lower the blood levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, FFA, the total fraction of low- and very low-density lipoproteins, to reduce manifestations of hypochondriasis, depression, and neurasthenia . The results obtained can be used for developing programs of NCD patients' rehabilitation.
 ...
PMID:[Possibilities of correction of mental disorders and dyslipoproteinemia in patients with neurocirculatory asthenia]. 229 Mar 25

A survey of 141 (male 84, female 57) neurotics was carried out by using the center of epidemiological survey-depression scale, CES-D. The results showed that the depressive symptoms were very common and the prevalence of definite depressive symptoms was 85.8%. The mean of the total score based upon 20 items of CES-D was 2.7 times the mean of the total score in the Chinese normal population. The most common depressive symptoms were unhappy, low mood, sad and hollow feeling. In addition, the mean of the total score and certain individual item scores in depressive neurotics were higher than those in neurasthenia. It is suggested that CES-D may be useful to differentiate some subtypes of neurosis.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical evaluation of CES-D in neurosis]. 259 40

Neurasthenia is one of the commonest diagnostic terms in psychiatric practice in China, but it is employed less and less by psychiatrists in the Western world. In order to investigate what diagnoses would be given in terms of modern Western standard diagnostic systems, 40 patients who were diagnosed as suffering from neurasthenia by two Chinese psychiatrists were rediagnosed according to ICD-9 descriptive criteria, using the Catego computerized system based upon PSE findings and DSM-III criteria based on findings of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). Furthermore a set of self-report or observer rating scales, including the SAS, SDS, HAMA, HAMD and BPRS, were administered to evaluate their psychopathological characteristics. The main findings are the following: (1) the distribution of the results of rediagnosis is widely dispersed from mild character disorder to severe affective disorder; (2) most of these patients are diagnosed as having an anxiety or depressive illness in different diagnostic systems; (3) the majority of diagnoses belong to the field of neurosis in all systems except DIS/DSM-III; (4) there is a group of patients who do not belong to any diagnostic entity in these systems; (5) the prominent psychopathological features are anxiety and depression and often a combination of both, which adds to the complexity of the clinical picture; and (6) these patients tend to over-report their suffering or symptoms, which results in a discrepancy of findings between objective assessment and self-reporting. The author suggests that the term neurasthenia represents a disease spectrum and should be refined in future study, but that it seems too early to discard it from psychiatric nosology.
 ...
PMID:The diagnosis and phenomenology of neurasthenia. A Shanghai study. 276 91

The basic symptoms of minor psychiatric morbidity (MPM) reported elsewhere were also found in a community survey in Taiwan. However, differences in the patterns of and manifestations of the symptoms were evident. Contrary to most Western surveys, the prevalence of anxiety (24.7%) was found to be higher than that of depression (8.3%) in Taiwan. Possible explanations based on sociocultural characteristics of the Chinese family were proposed. The notion of somatization as a predominant symptom in Chinese neurotic patients advocated by some research workers was not supported in this study. As a result of findings in community cases, it is argued that the importance of somatization has been considerably overemphasized as a factor in the illness behaviour of neurotic cases in Chinese and other cultures, and it is therefore not a culture-specific disease phenomenon. It is also suggested that certain culture-specific neurotic syndromes reported in Chinese, such as shen-ching-shuai-jo (neurasthenia) and shen-k'uei (semen loss syndrome), are clinically equivalent to MPM. Implications of the present findings on crosscultural research and management of MPM were discussed.
 ...
PMID:Symptomatology of minor psychiatric morbidity: a crosscultural comparison. 279 37

This study reports on the relationship between behavioural and psychiatric perceptions of mentally handicapped subjects. A Standardised Psychiatric Interview schedule was found to characterise psychiatric problems in the mentally handicapped along eight dimensions: depression, neurasthenia, psychoticism, phobias, histrionic elation, hypochondria, mental retardation and medication effects. A Behavioural Disturbance Scale characterised disturbances along six dimensions: aggressive conduct, mood disturbance, withdrawal, antisocial conduct, idiosyncratic mannerisms and self-injury. The relationships between the two modes of assessment were investigated using multiple regression. Clinical features were not expressed in behaviour disturbances, nor were they related to age, sex or hospitalisation. The communicativeness of an interviewee was, however, found to limit the detection of depression.
 ...
PMID:Psychiatric and behaviour disturbance in mental handicap. 370 50


1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>