Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Post-mortem hypoxanthine levels in vitreous humour were determined in 86 consecutive legal autopsy cases. In cases of sudden death caused by trauma or by myocardial infarction, levels ranging from 0 to 540 mumol/l were found. The mean value was about ten times higher than normal in vivo plasma levels. The hypoxanthine levels seem to be independent of time post-mortem, at least during the first 48 hours. It is known that augmentation of the hypoxanthine plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine levels reflects tissue hypoxia. In the present material no elevation of hypoxanthine levels in the vitreous humour was found in cases of strangulation or suspension, while statistically significant elevation was found in cases of drug intoxication. It is concluded that this may reflect the effect of drug-induced prolonged tissue hypoxia caused by respiratory depression.
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PMID:Post-mortem hypoxanthine levels in the vitreous humour. An introductory report. 71 Oct 84

Subacute toxicity test of AMI-U-II was carried out using male and female JCL:SD rats. The animals were given intravenously AMI-U-II (80, 40 and 20ml/kg) or reference solution (80 and 40ml/kg) for five weeks. Tachypnea, depression of spontaneous activity, blepharoptosis and edema of face were observed in rats treated with AMI-U-II or reference solution at highest dose. Food consumptions and gaining body weight were slightly reduced in male of these animals, but water intakes were increased in both sexes. Autopsies of the animals which died during five weeks showed pulmonary congestion and/or edema, ascites and pleural effusion. Microscopically, hydropic degeneration of liver cells and dilation of renal tubules and Bowman's capsules were shown. It seems likely that most of these findings were caused by hypervolumic administration of amino acid solution.
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PMID:[Subacute toxicity test of AMI-U-II, a new amino acid solution for renal failure (author's transl)]. 74 67

Propranolol is known to decrease ischaemic damage in developing myocardial infarction. Besides acting on mechanical parameters which help determine the balance of oxygen supply and oxygen demand in the ischaemic tissue, propranolol decreases the myocardial uptake of free fatty acids and increases that of glucose. It is suggested that propranolol may favourably alter developing myocardial infarction in dogs by altering the supply of substrates reaching the ischaemic zone. However, propranolol also decreases enzyme release from isolated rat hearts with coronary ligation at a relative constant arterial free fatty acid concentration. Propranolol causes more marked depression of mechanical function and of heart rate in hearts perfused with free fatty acids than with glucose. It is suggested that the glucose-promoting and anti-lipolytic actions of propranool might be important not only in decreasing infarct size but also in helping to prevent undesirable side effects in hearts with experimental myocardial infarction.
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PMID:Propranolol and experimental myocardial infarction: substrate effects. 78 52

The evaluation of left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction has shown: 1. Limitations in the use and interpretation of central venous pressure. 2. Pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure reflects left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in the absence of pulmonary vascular or mitral valve disease. 3. Frequent elevations of left ventricular filling pressure in mild or clinically uncomplicated infarction. 4. Anterior infarctions present greater depression of left ventricular function than inferior infarctions. 5. Initial hemodynamic measurements in cardiogenic shock can predict prognosis with medical management. 6. Left ventricular function frequently improves during the early convalescent period. 7. Hemodynamic monitoring can be useful in following changes in left ventricular function and the response to therapy. The assessment of left ventricular performance in patients with chronic heart disease has shown: 1. Resting hemodynamic measurements are often normal but abnormalities can be observed in patients with disease of the left anterior descending coronary artery, diffuse coronary involvement, and after myocardial infarction. 2. Increases in end-diastolic volume or dilatation and left ventricular mass or hypertrophy can develop in severe coronary disease and after myocardial infarction. 3. The size of abnormally contracting segment after myocardial infarction is related to abnormalities in compliance, ventricular end-diastolic pressure, end-diastolic volume, and clinical manifestations of heart failure. 4. Exercise and atrial pacing can produce clinical and hemodynamic abnormalities. 5. The ejection fraction is significantly related to the slope of the ventricular function curve. 6. Angiographic abnormalities of left ventricular wall motion can be increased with atrial pacing and reduced with nitroglycerin or epinephrine.
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PMID:Left ventricular function in acute and chronic coronary artery disease. 80 47

A psychological investigation carried out by a psychologist was performed on 58 patients with myocardial infarction, initially hospitalized in an intensive care unit. The results were compared with those obtained in 37 patients hospitalized in the same conditions, but for different diseases. The manifestations previously described have been for a large part recognized: anxiety, indifference, regression, displacement of anxiety or its projection, depression, sleep disturbances, hostility, "surviver" or "Minotaurus" syndrome. A few practical conclusions are put forward concerning the attitude of the nursing team on arrival at hospital, on the style of physician-patient relationship, the duration of the stay in intensive care unit, the interest of interviews performed by a psychologist.
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PMID:[Psychological problems in a coronary intensive care unit]. 81 20

Variations in clinical noninvasive systolic pressure at the point of symptom-limited exercise on a treadmill were examined in six groups of subjects: 5,459 men and 749 women classified into three categories each. Among the men, 2,532 were asymptomatic healthy, 592 were hypertensive and 1,586 had clinical manifestations of coronary heart disease (that is, typical angina pectoris, prior myocardial infarction or sudden cardiac arrest with resuscitation). Among the women, 244, 158 and 347 were in the corresponding clinical categories. None had had cardiac surgery; all had follow-up status ascertained by periodic mail questionnaires. Reported deaths were reviewed and classified by three cardiologists; 140 deaths were attributed to coronary heart disease, 118 of them in the men classified as having coronary heart disease. The majority of maximal systolic blood pressure readings were reported to the nearest centimeter rather than millimeter of pressure. Retesting of 156 persons from 1 to 32 months later showed that pressure values agreed within 10 percent in two thirds, the overall mean difference was only 8.6 mm Hg and the correlation at maximal exercise was superior to that of the resting observations just before exercise. Hypertensive patients had a significantly greater body weight than normotensive persons. Among men, the lowest maximal systolic pressure was observed in the group with coronary heart disease; among women, the lowest mean pressure was found in the healthy group. Patients with coronary heart disease were slightly older, and only the women showed a significant correlation in maximal pressure with age. Only 5 percent of the variation in maximal systolic pressure in the patients with coronary heart disease was due to a shortened duration of exercise. Maximal systolic pressures correlated fairly well (r equals 0.46 to 0.68 for the various groups) with resting systolic pressure, and this relation was independent of the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in both men and women. Relations between pressure and the number of stenotic coronary arteries and imparied ejection fraction at rest were examined in 22 men without and 182 men with coronary artery disease. Lower maximal systolic pressures were often associated with two or three vessel disease or reduced ejection fraction, or both. The prognostic value of maximal systolic pressure for subsequent death due to coronary heart disease was examined in the men with coronary heart disease. The annual rate of sudden cardiac death decreased from 97.9 per 1,000 men to 25.3 and 6.6 per 1,000 men as the range of maximal systolic pressure increased from less than 140 to 140 to 199 and to 200 mm Hg or more, respectively. Cardiomegaly, Q waves in the resting electrocardiogram and persistent postexertional S-T depression were more common in men with the lowest systolic pressure at maximal exercise.
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PMID:Variations in and significance of systolic pressure during maximal exercise (treadmill) testing. 87 Nov 10

In 100 consecutive patients with acute cerebrovascular accident, due to cerebral thrombosis in 72, cerebral hemorrhage in 12, embolus in 6, and subarachnoid hemorrhage in 10, there were 90 who had electrocardiographic abnormalities during the first three days after admission, compared to 50% in a control group. The patients with cerebrovascular accident had a 7- to 10-fold higher incidence of ST segment depression, prolonged Q-Tc interval and atrial fibrillation, and a 2- to 4-fold higher incidence of T wave inversion, conduction defects, premature ventricular beats and left ventricular hypetrophy. Patients who died had a 2-, 3- and 5-fold higher incidence of electrocardiographic evidence of recent myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation and conduction defects than those who survived, but these changes occurred in only 5, 21 and 14% of all patients, and other electrocardiographic changes could not be correlated with mortality. During the first three days after admission 29 patients had elevation of serum enzymes which may be derived from cardiac muscle, particularly CPK, which was increased 6-fold, compared to 2-fold increases in HBDH, GOT, and LDH. Only 5 of these patients had electrocardiographic evidence of recent myocardial infarction. Patients with elevated serum CPK had a 2-fold higher incidence of ST segment depression, T wave inversion, conduction defects and atrial fibrillation than those with normal CPK, and a mortality of 66%, compared to 30%. Of 41 patients who died, 49% had elevated serum CPK, compared to 15% of 59 patients who survived. These differences were significant (P less than 0.01). Serum CPK was more frequently helpful than the electrocardiogram in evaluating the extent of cardiac damage and in predicting mortality. Patients with acute cerebrovascular accident should have repeated evaluation of serum CPK and the ECG, and be monitored for arrhythmias.
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PMID:Electrocardiographic changes and myocardial damage in patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents. 89 40

In 311 patients (269 men and 42 woman, 20 to 65 years old) without transmural myocardial infarction the results of exercise tests in supine position were compared with the results of coronary angiography. 1. Patients having ischemic ST-segment depression (greater than or equal to 0.1 mV) and angina pectoris during exercise (n = 108) showed a greater than or equal to 50% stenosis of at least one vessel in 86.1%. In men the number of a greater than or equal to 50% stenosis was significantly higher than in women (91.3 vs. 56.2%). In patients without digitalis agreement with coronary angiographic findings is higher than in patients with digitalis (92.7 vs. 79.2%). After excluding women, patients under digitalis and those with an intramural myocardial infarction, agreement was 96.8%. 2. In patients having ischemic ST-segment depression agreement was 30% and in those with angina pectoris 36.8%. 3. In patients having neither ischemic ST-segment depression nor angina pectoris during exercise up to a heart rate of 80% of the age-dependent heart rate limit a coronary angiogram without a greater than or equal to 50% stenosis was found in 87.6%. After excluding patients with an intramural myocardial infarction, women and patients under digitalis, agreement increased to 97.9%. 4. In patients having both ischemic ST-segment depression and angina pectoris during exercise a 2- or 3-vessel disease was more often found than in patients having either ischemic ST-segment depression or angina pectoris, or in those having neither ischemic ST-segment depression nor angina pectoris respectively (57.5% vs. 16.6, 8.9 and 1.9%). 5. The number of positive coronary angiograms, especially of 2- and 3-vessel disease, increases with the degree of an ischemic ST-segment depression and the reduction of exercise tolerance.
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PMID:[Relationship between coronary angiographic findings and exercise Ecg in patients without transmural myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. 89 23

The correlation between the three ischemia indicators angina pectoris (AP), ST-segment depression (ST) and excessive pulmonary wedge pressure rise (PCP) during exercise, and the coronary angiographic findings, were analysed in 293 patients without previous transmural myocardial infarction. This patient material consisted of 253 men and 40 women between the age of 20 and 65 years, the mean age being 48. The exercise tests were performed on a bicycle ergometer in supine position and in relatively steady state conditions. Pulmonary wedge pressure was measured by means of a Swan-Ganz floating catheter. The essential findings were: 1. If all three ischemia indicators were positive, the incidence of a positive angiographic finding i.e. a greater than or equal to 50% stenoses in at least one main coronary artery was 96.3%. 2. If only the two classic ischemia indicators were evaluated and positive, the incidence of a positive angiographic finding was only 86.1% (24). This difference is mainly due to false positive results of AP and ST in women. 3. If all three ischemia indicators were negative, the incidence of a negative angiographic finding was 89.2%. 4. If only the two classic ischemia indicators were evaluated and negative the incidence of a negative angiographic finding was as high (87,6% [24]). This lack of difference is due to the fact that patients with a previous intramural infarcion can be free not only of AP and ST but also of PCP during exercise. 5. The combination of AP and PCP, or ST and PCP, is equally reliable in predicting coronary morphology as the classic combination of AP and ST. It follows that PCP measurement is recommended, if one of the classic ischemia indicators cannot be properly evaluated.
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PMID:[Can predictability of coronary angiographic findings be improved by additional measurement of pulmonary wedge pressure during exercise? (author's transl)]. 91 74

The acid perfusion test, combined with manometric studies of the oesophagus and serial electrocardiography, has been utilised to determine the incidence of ischaemic ST-segment depression and of significant arrhythmias during acid-induced oesophageal pain. Eight per cent of patients with oesophagitis and coexistent ischaemic heart disease manifest significant ECG changes during oesophageal acid perfusion. The follow-up period of 5 years indicates that these patients have a high incidence of recurrent myocardial infarction.
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PMID:The prognostic significance of the viscerocardiac reflex phenomenon. 93 52


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