Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical investigations of infants hospitalized with botulism demonstrate a remarkable uniformity of complaints and physical findings. Constipation precedes a course of progressive weakness and cranial nerve dysfunction. Examination reveals hypotonia, hyporeflexia, and a variable pattern of involvement of the motor cranial nerves. Initial laboratory investigations should include electrodiagnostic tests, because findings of an incremental response to rapid, repetitive nerve stimulation and of brief, small-amplitude motor units on electromyography are virtually pathognomonic of botulism in the infant. Differential diagnosis includes disorders that may produce generalized depression of the central nervous system, such as septicemia, meningitis, metabolic disturbances, and intoxications. Specific involvement of the neuromuscular system includes acute polyneuropathies, diseases of the anterior horn cell, congenital myopathies or muscular dystrophy, and neonatal myasthenia gravis. Recent studies have expanded the clinical spectrum of infant botulism to include some cases of sudden infant death syndrome and otherwise nonspecific constipation.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis of infant botulism. 23 67

Myopathy resembling nutritional muscular dystrophy occurred in a colony of 150 guinea pigs. Of 54 animals affected, 27 died. Major clinical signs were depression, conjunctivitis, and reluctance to move. Lesions were widespread throughout skeletal and cardiac musculature. Clinical signs and deaths ceased when the diet was changed to a different commercial ration. A single intramuscular injection of sodium selenite and alphatocopherol brought prompt remission of clinical signs in one group of 20 so treated.
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PMID:Myopathy in guinea pigs. 92 53

Cumulative 50% and 90% neuromuscular blocking doses of vecuronium were determined in two 4-yr-old boys with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Vecuronium 20 micrograms kg-1 was required for 50% twitch depression in both patients. The 90% blocking doses were 43 and 57 micrograms kg-1. Although these data do not indicate a greater than normal sensitivity to vecuronium, the recovery time (75-25% block) of twitch tension was three to almost six times as long as in normal children. The evoked compound EMG, additionally recorded in one patient, reflected almost the same dose-response relationship as twitch tension, yet the EMG recovered faster than the twitch. The present findings do not exclude an increased sensitivity to neuromuscular blocking drugs in a larger population of patients with muscular dystrophy. Thus, the titration of the individual neuromuscular blocking dose with the aid of a nerve stimulator is mandatory. During a previous anaesthetic, cardiac arrest and acute rhabdomyolysis had occurred in one patient. The substitution of suxamethonium by vecuronium, or probably any other non-depolarizing myoneural blocking drug of intermediate or short duration of action, may help to avoid this complication.
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PMID:Muscle relaxation in patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Use of vecuronium in two patients. 289 13

Depression was studied in adults with myotonic muscular dystrophy (MMD). The subject groups consisted of 27 MMD patients, an able-bodied control group of 27 adults (CON), a nonprogressively disabled control group of 17 adult paraplegics (SCI), and a progressively disabled neuromuscular disease control group of 11 adults with limb-girdle syndrome (LGS). The study utilized a test battery consisting of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), the Institute of Personality and Ability (IPAT) Depression test, the Suicide Probability Scale (SPS), and the California Psychological Inventory (CPI). The MMD group scored significantly higher on the MMPI Depression scale, the IPAT Depression Test, and the SPS Hopelessness subscale, than the CON or SCI groups. Conversely, the MMD group showed lower levels of positive mental health than these two groups on the MMPI Ego Strength and CPI Well-Being scale scores. The MMD group did not differ significantly from the LGS group in any of the five measures. A definite tendency toward depression was evident among MMD patients. A similar tendency was noted in the small LGS group. The progressive and disabling nature of the disease appears to be the major reason for depression in MMD patients. Our data do not support the concept that depression is an intrinsic characteristic of MMD.
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PMID:Depression in myotonic muscular dystrophy. 380 Jun 15

It is not surprising that calcium-channel blocking agents, which have numerous effects on various physiologic systems, have been employed for several "unapproved" uses. This manuscript reviews reports that have appeared within the last two years describing unapproved cardiovascular and noncardiovascular uses of the three available calcium-channel blocking agents. The cardiovascular uses discussed include hypertensive emergencies, pulmonary hypertension, congestive heart failure, aortic insufficiency, Raynaud's phenomenon, migraine headaches, antiplatelet effects and cardiac surgery. Areas of noncardiovascular use include muscular dystrophy, achalasia, esophageal spasm, dysmenorrhea, preterm labor, asthma, hyperuricemia, mania and depression and endocrinologic and oncologic conditions. While some of the data appear promising, other reports are conflicting and contradictory. Furthermore, because much of the information comes from poorly controlled trials or anecdotal reports, even the more promising uses must be studied further and compared with conventional therapy.
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PMID:Promising uses of calcium-channel blocking agents. 637 47

The features of regional wall motion abnormalities of the left ventricle were analysed in 11 patients of congestive cardiomyopathy (CCM) in comparison with 22 patients of progressive muscular dystrophy (DMD) of Duchenne type who showed an abnormal motion of the left ventricle by echocardiography. Real time two-dimensional echocardiographic study demonstrated the following results: I) In CCM, (1) only 2 or less of 11 cases preserved a normal motion in each left ventricular segment, and the depression of wall motion of the left ventricle were thought to be generalized; (2) there were 9 cases with segmental wall motion abnormalities and 3 of them demonstrated ventricular aneurysms, and (3) the localizations of the segmental abnormalities varied in each case, and there was no apparent accumulation to any segments. II) In DMD, (1) all the cases showed depressed motions and 8 of them demonstrated a ventricular aneurysm in the posterior wall of the left ventricle (LVPW), (2) while, there was no case showing ventricular aneurysm in the segments other than LVPW, and about one third of all cases showed normal motion in those segments. From these results, we concluded as follows: 1) Although the depression of a wall motion of the left ventricle was generalized in CCM, this was not always uniform and the segmental abnormalities of a wall motion were frequently observed. The localization of the most severely disturbed segment varied in each case. 2) On the other hand, in DMD, the wall motion was disturbed more frequently and more severely in LVPW than in other ventricular segments.
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PMID:[Regional wall motion of the left ventricle in congestive cardiomyopathy: in comparison with progressive muscular dystrophy of Duchenne type (author's transl)]. 734 27

Psychological problems affecting physically handicapped individuals are understudied. However, some studies suggest a higher risk of developing an elevated level of anxiety among these individuals. A previous study reported that people with multiple sclerosis show more anxiety than patients suffering from another type of physical limitations. These results raise questions about the specificity of the link between anxiety and some medical conditions. The aim of the present study is to increase our understanding of manifestations of anxiety associated with degenerative illnesses. Three groups of patients with different physical limitations were compared on their level of anxiety and on various cognitive process. Groups were composed as: 1) 20 patients suffering from multiple sclerosis, 2) 18 patients diagnosed with another degenerative illness (either arthritis, muscular dystrophy or ataxia), and 3) 20 participants presenting a non-degenerative handicap. The 3 groups were not significantly different on age, sex and duration of the physical limitations. Symptoms of anxiety were measured with 3 questionnaires:1) the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, 2) the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, used to assess the tendency to worry, and 3) the Worry Domains Questionnaire, assessing diversity and intensivity of worry themes. In turn, cognitive processes were evaluated with 4 questionnaires: 1) the Acceptance of Disability scale, used to assess the person's level of acceptance regarding a disability, 2) the Interpretation of Disturbing Thoughts questionnaire, an idiographical measure about the interpretation of thoughts associated with a physical handicap, 3) the Intolerance of Uncertainty scale, presenting beliefs about uncertainty and its consequences, and 4) the Cognitive Avoidance questionnaire, to evaluate the tendency of avoiding disturbing thoughts and images. Participants completed all questionnaires alone and the experimenter was available to answer any questions. MANOVAs were used to compare the 3 groups on the studied variables. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences among groups for symptoms of anxiety and depression, tendency to worry and worry themes. Similarly, no significant differences were obtained on cognitive processes. The multiple sclerosis group and the other degenerative illness group were combined and compared to the non-degenerative handicap group. MANOVAs conducted on symptoms and cognitive processes did not yield any significant differences. Results of the present study seem to indicate that the type of physical limitations is not an indicator of the presence of specific anxiety symptoms or cognitive processes. On an exploratory basis, all participants were compared according to their level of acceptance of disability. Results indicated that a lower level of acceptance was significantly associated with more anxious and depressive symptoms, excessive worries, and a greater intolerance of uncertainty. It seems that acceptance of disability plays a key role in maintaining psychological distress among people with a physical handicap. The influence of intolerance of uncertainty on acceptance of disability needs to be further explored.
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PMID:[Anxiety and physical limitation: a complex relation]. 1209 80

Ten patients with progressive muscular dystrophy were given daily oral doses of amino acids, folic acid and selected vitamins. At the time of this report they had been treated by this means for periods varying from two months to one year. Only one had other therapy concurrently. Definite and progressive improvement, objective and subjective, occurred in all cases. Among objective changes noted-not all of them in all cases-were return of strength, increase in size and tonus of atrophic muscles, restoration of normal respiratory action and relief of depression. Patients reported a sense of well-being, increase in strength and a feeling of bodily warmth.
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PMID:Progressive muscular dystrophy; a preliminary report on treatment with amino acids, folic acid and vitamins. 1309 41

The mdx (muscular dystrophy X-linked) mouse is a model for human Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and is characterized by the absence of the cytoskeletal protein dystrophin. Using a cerebellar slice preparation, we show that postsynaptically mediated long-term depression (LTD) is significantly reduced in mdx Purkinje cells, while presynaptically mediated paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) is normal. This disruption of LTD could contribute to the cognitive deficit in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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PMID:Long-term depression is reduced in cerebellar Purkinje cells of dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. 1530 66

A purpose of the study was to develop the Stress Tolerance Scale (STS) and to assess its diagnostic efficacy in neurological clinical practice. The theoretical ground for stress tolerance measurement is the concept of personal environmental interaction as a process including phases of the subjective stress event appraisal, active reaction and subjective result appraisal. The STS encompasses the response items of the descriptions of the accomplished and unaccomplished person-environment and self-personal relations that result in stress overcoming or in stress maintenance, respectively. Within each group, the additional variants of the transactions were specified according to their space-temporal characteristics. Data sets from 112 healthy people and 247 patients (60 with chronic tension headache, 72 with chronic low back pain, 51 with myasthenia gravis, 14 with progressive muscular dystrophy, 27 with hereditary polyneuropathy and 23 with torticollis) have been analyzed. The validity and quiantitation of the STS were determined by Rasch analysis and comparison of the results with those of total STS score and subscale scores of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Russian brief version of MMPI. All correlations were at a level of significance. A decrease of stress tolerance was found in patients with chronic pain syndromes and torticollis. The results indicate that the STS allows assessing stress tolerance and a structure of person-environment interactions used by a patient. It can be utilized for optimization of short-term psychotherapy of neurological patients.
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PMID:[Evaluation of stress tolerance in the neurological patients]. 1595 38


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