Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cardinal immunologic changes in sarcoidosis consist of depression of delayed-type hypersensitivity, hyperreactive circulating antibody responses and the Kveim-Siltzbach skin test phenomenon. Depression of delayed-type hypersensitivity is demonstrated by skin tests using tuberculin, mumps, pertussis, trichophytin, oidiomycin, dinitrochlorobenzene and Californian keyhole limpet hemocyanin. The cultured lymphocytes from patients with depression of delayed-type hypersensitivity react poorly to phytohemagglutinin, and there is a close correlation between anergy of lymphocytes in culture and by cutaneous anergy. In vivo cutaneous anergy mirrors in vitro cellular hyporeactivity. Other technics used to expose immunologic defects in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with sarcoidosis include tests of T and B cell function, rosetie formation and migration inhibition. Whereas there is cutaneous anergy and impaired cellular immunity in patients with sarcoidosis, the reverse holds for circulating factors. There are increased circulating immunoglobulin levels, increased circulating antibody levels to Epstein-Barr, herpes simplex, rubella, measles and parainfluenza viruses, increase antibody response to mismatched blood and occasional false-positive Wassermann reactions, but there is no increase in circulating autoan tibodies. There is no evidence that patients with sarcoidosis belong predominantly to any particular histocompatibility locus. Worldwide figures for the Kveim-Siltzbach skin test are presented. They provide evidence of its specificity in various international series. The causes of nonspecific reactions are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Immunology of sarcoidosis. 16 93

The immune responses of 60 patients undergoing therapeutic irradiation were evaluated according to four anatomical sites irradiated. In vitro lymphocyte transformation tests with PHA, Con-A, and PWM and quantitative assays of IgG, IgA, and IgM were performed on blood obtained from each patient before and during therapy, and two weeks, two months, and six months after therapy. At these same testing intervals, skin tests with PPD, mumps antigen, Candida antigen, and SD-SK were performed. During irradiation, the mean values of all lymphocyte transformation tests were depressed, varying from 48% to 64% of pretreatment baseline. This depression persisted until about two months after completion of treatment. By six months, response rose to pretreatment values. When response was evaluated according to sites irradiated with all mitogens, the pelvic and pelvic plus abdominal groups showed consistently greater depression than the chest or head and neck groups. Radiation effected no significant changes in the mean values of IgG, IgA or IgM. A decrease in skin sensitivity was noted during radiation; 73% of the subjects responded positively before therapy while only 53% had at least one positive test during therapy. By two months postirradiation, 73% of the group clinically free of disease had positive skin tests. A comparison of clinical condition with test results is significant when one considers the 17 patients who developed metastatic disease or died from disease. The depression for all three mitogens during radiation therapy was greater for this group. Of the 17, only four had IgG levels in the normal range, and consistently fewer positive skin tests were demonstrated.
 ...
PMID:Effect of therapeutic irradiation on the immune responses. 17

B and T cells in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were calculated by using the surface membrane immunoglobulin marker for B cells and the capacity to bind sheep erythrocytes to form 'rosettes' as a marker to T cells. Patients with acute aseptic meningitis due to mumps virus or other etiologic agents and with various chronic neurological diseases were investigated. Significantly higher T-cell and lower B-cell values were observed in CSF than in blood in all three groups. No significant differences were found between the three patient groups. An elevation of B cells and a depression of T cells were observed in blood in patients with aseptic meningitis during the course of the disease.
 ...
PMID:B and T lymphocytes in blood and cerebrospinal fluid in acute aseptic meningitis. 30 5

Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity was studied in 10 patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis, 9 patients with either inactive alcoholic cirrhosis or alcoholic fatty liver, and 10 agematched controls. The mean response of the alcoholic hepatitis group was significantly less compared to controls for SK-SD (P less than 0.001), mumps (P less than 0.001), trichophyton (P less than 0.025), and Candida albicans (P less than 0.025). Upon clinical recovery, the response of the 6 surviving patients with alcoholic hepatitis was similar to controls for 4 of the 5 antigens tested, and the improvements in response to SK-SD and Candida albicans were significant (P less than 0.02 and P less than 0.05). The mean percentage and absolute numbers of thymus-derived lymphocytes were significantly less in the alcoholic hepatitis group compared with controls. Both the alcoholic hepatitis patients and patients with less advanced alcoholic liver disease had a diminished response to concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin. This study demonstrates a reversible depression of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity in alcoholic hepatitis. Several mechanisms may help account for this finding. We recommend that skin tests in patients with alcoholic hepatitis be interpreted with this phenomenon in mind.
 ...
PMID:Depressed delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity in alcoholic hepatitis. 35 38

10 patients thymectomized about 20 years earlier were tested for delayed skin reactivity against mumps, streptokinase-streptodornase and PPD antigens. The T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood were determined. 6 patients were surgically thymectomized and 2 of the received postoperative irradiation. 4 patients were treated with only high dose irradiation to the mediastinal compartment. None of the patients responded to all skin antigens, 1 was positive to two antigens and 3 to one antigen. The remaining patients were non-responders. The number of peripheral blood lymphocytes was slightly decreased in the patients. A significant decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes (p less than 0.005) was found in the whole patient group, and the depression was more pronounced in the surgically thymectomized patients (p less than 0.001). The number of B-lymphocytes was unaltered. It is concluded that the abnormalities in this patient group reflect a T-lymphocyte deficiency. The immunologic status of the patients before treatment is not known. However, in 3 patients with recently discovered untreated thymomas no abnormalities were found. Thus, adult thymectomy in man seem to lead to deficiency of cell mediated immunity, indicating an influence of the thymus in immunological functions during adult life.
 ...
PMID:T-Lymphocyte deficiency following adult thymectomin man. 107 64

The effects of 10 days of total energy deprivation on lymphocyte functions and cell-mediated immunity was evaluated in fourteen healthy, normal-weighted males. Lymphocytes from seven of the subjects were tested in vitro. A significant depression was noted of the DNA synthesis after stimulation with pokeweed mitogen and PPD while there was no effect on the response to concanavalin A. No change was noted in the percentages and total numbers of circulating B and T lymphocytes and monocytes. The delayed skin reactivity following intracutaneous PPD and mumps antigen was not different from non-starving control subjects.
 ...
PMID:Acute energy deprivation in man: effect on cell-mediated immunological reactions. 108 37

Multiple parameters of in vivo and in vitro immune function were measured serially before, during, and following nephrectomy in 12 normal renal transplant donors. All in vitro functions studied (total blood lymphocyte count, B-cell count, T-cell count, mitogen blastogenic response, and mixed leukocyte reactivity as both responder and stimulator) decreased on induction of anethesia and continued to fall during and after operation to reach a low point on the evening after nephrectomy. Depth of depression and rate of recovery varied with the individual function, but all were near normal by the fifth postoperative day. The in vivo delayed hypersensitivity response to cutaneously administered recall antigens declined more gradually and was still falling at the fifth postoperative day. Return of preoperative skin response was delayed, being complete for streptokinase/streptodornase (SK/SD) by 10 to 14 days but incomplete as long as 2 to 3 weeks for mumps and Candida antigens. Serum immunoglobulins did not change. These findings suggest incomplete correlation among the responses to the commonly used in vitro assays of cellular immunity and poor correlation with the in vivo tests. Although surgery and anesthesia results in measurable depression of immune response, clinically significant problems did not arise in these patients.
 ...
PMID:Immunodepression after major surgery in normal patients. 109 95

Healthy children receiving routine measles-mumps-rubella vaccine developed an impaired in vitro lymphocyte response to stimulation with antigen (Candida) but not with mitogen (phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen). Response of lymphocytes was determined by measurement of the amount of [14C]thymidine incorporated by the cells. The impaired response to antigen lasted from one to five weeks after vaccination. There was no alteration in the number of either total or thymus-derived lymphocytes in the peripheral blood after vaccination; These results suggest that viral vaccination causes a depression of lymphocyte function rather than a depletion of functional lymphocytes.
 ...
PMID:Depressed lymphocyte function after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination. 115 Nov 22

The cellular immune system was studied in patients with Crohn's disease (CD), not receiving corticosteroids, or azathioprine, by means of in vitro and in vivo methods. It was found, that the in vitro lymphocyte reactivity of 54 CD patients after stimulation with a cocktail of antigens (varidase, trichophyton, candida, mumps, and PPD) was significantly depressed when compared with the response of 20 simultaneously cultured healthy controls (p less than 0-001) or a group of 54 separately cultured healthy controls, matched for age and sex (p less than 0-001). The lymphocyte response of a control group of 18 patients with malnutrition or malabsorption without any evidence of inflammatory bowel disease, was higher than the response of an equal number of CD cases, although the difference failed to reach significance. Intradermally injection of the same five antigens, as used in the antigen cocktail, showed a failure to react to any antigen in 13 out of 48 CD patients, in comparison with three of 48 matched healthy controls (p less than 0-01). In both CD patients, as well as in healthy controls a significant correlation could be demonstrated between the number of positive skin tests, the area of skin induration, and the in vitro lymphocyte responsiveness after stimulation with the antigen cocktail. In the CD group no correlation was found between in vitro responsiveness and disease activity, as defined by a score of clinical and biochemical parameters. The depressed skin reactivity and the hyporesponsiveness in the lymphocyte transformation test after stimulation by an antigen cocktail suggest that depression of the anamnestic cellular immune response is a basic feature in patients with Crohn's disease.
 ...
PMID:Impaired anamnestic cellular immune response in patients with Crohn's disease. 119 15

When an automated counting instrument using an esterase stain was employed, decreased monocyte counts were observed in a group of process workers exposed to organophosphate esters. Their monocyte counts were not found to be depressed with manual counting or with an automated counter using another staining method. The apparent depression was transient. In these workers and a comparison group, theoretical adverse consequences of decreased monocyte esterase and also possible changes in other esterases were explored. No anergy was seen with mumps or staphylococcal phage lysate hypersensitivity skin tests. Histology of the mumps reaction was similar in both groups. The depressed monocyte counts were significantly associated with a mild reduction in erythrocyte cell acetylcholinesterase, but no reduction was seen in plasma pseudocholinesterase or lymphocyte neurotoxic esterase.
 ...
PMID:Industrial exposure to organophosphorus compounds. Studies of a group of workers with a decrease in esterase-staining monocytes. 241 79


1 2 Next >>