Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To assess whether an virus-specific immune defect may be associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), we have examined the ability to generate measles virus-and influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL) in patients with MS, normal individuals, and other disease controls (ODC). The mean (+/- SEM) measles virus-specific CTL response for normal individuals and ODC was 26.9 +/- 2.9% (N = 17) and 26.7 +/- 2.8% (N = 13) specific lysis, respectively. In contrast, the capacity of MS patients to generate measles virus-specific CTL was markedly diminished. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from MS patients stimulated with measles virus lysed their measles virus-infected autologous B cell line at a group mean level of 6.0 +/- 1.4% (N = 16) specific lysis. MS patients had significantly lower measles virus-specific CTL responses than normal individuals (p less than 0.00001) or ODC (p less than 0.0001). Importantly, this lowered response did not reflect a generalized depressed cytolytic activity of MS patients, since influenza virus-specific CTL and NK activity from these patients were comparable to normals and ODC. Thus, in MS there is a significant depression of measles virus-specific CTL which suggests that this virus-specific immune dysfunction may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disorder.
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PMID:Impaired measles virus-specific cytotoxic T cell responses in multiple sclerosis. 241 41

Adopted an ecological framework to view mutual-help groups, and illustrated its usefulness by examining aspects of the social ecology of "fit" among 163 members of Compassionate Friends (bereaved parents; CF), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Overeaters Anonymous (OA) groups. Concerning person-group fit, personal Spirituality was positively related to (a) Providing Support, and to (b) Group Satisfaction for members of a group whose helping ecology emphasized "reliance on a higher power" (OA). (Contrary to prediction, the relationship with Group Satisfaction was also manifest for members of MS). Furthermore, OA members reported higher levels of Spirituality than CF members. Concerning helping mechanism-focal problem fit, Friendship Development was positively related to Group Satisfaction only for individuals with a focal problem characterized by high levels of social network disruption (MS). In addition, Time in Group was inversely related to Depression for members of life stress (CF) and medical disorder (MS) groups, but not for members of a "behavioral control" type group (OA). The implications of the ecological perspective for future research are discussed.
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PMID:Towards an ecological understanding of mutual-help groups: the social ecology of "fit". 263 37

This article challenges the belief that depression and anxiety are the inevitable consequences of medical illness. The authors describe how cognitive behavioral therapy can help individuals accept their disabilities and modify the distorted thinking patterns which may compound their suffering. Three case studies demonstrate the successful application of cognitive techniques to feelings of depression and anxiety in two patients with Stage III ovarian carcinoma and one patient with multiple sclerosis.
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PMID:Medical illness and the acceptance of suffering. 268 Oct 30

A brief characterization of 27 neurologic syndromes occurring in 44 AIDS patients during two years is presented. In 4 out of 7, intrathecal Ig synthesis was demonstrated without the CSF cell count and blood brain barrier values being within a normal range. Ig intrathecal formation was also observed in 2 LAS patients without neurological symptoms. Similar changes in CSF findings occur in other subacute encephalitis, particularly in multiple sclerosis. Activation of CSF B-cells or their depression due to impairment of CD8 T-lymphocytes was indicated as the cause of this phenomenon. In the Authors' opinion this explanation is somewhat general. The possibility of an immune response in CNS was clearly demonstrated, but in the CSF neither B-cells nor Ig producing plasma cells are evident. In addition, it should be noted that the reliability of blood brain barrier and Ig intrathecal assessment procedures is doubtful in ADC disease, because of the severe alterations in serum albumin and Ig concentrations seen in these patients.
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PMID:Cerebral spinal fluid IgG production in HIV-positive patients. 274 Jun 4

Group music therapy is a special kind of psychotherapeutic treatment. Within two years 225 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) had the opportunity to participate a music therapy group over 4-6 weeks after admission to a MS-clinic. The major topics which were chosen in group sessions were MS associated problems such as disability, uncertainty, anxiety, depression, loss of self esteem etc. The data suggests that group music therapy is a useful adjunct not only in actual psychological support but also in the individual coping strategies.
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PMID:[Group music therapy in multiple sclerosis: initial report of experience]. 279 26

We compared the visual field in 46 eyes of 34 cases with optic neuritis, which included 17 cases with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 17 cases with unknown causes. The visual field examination was measured by program 31 of the Octopus automated perimeter, which tests the central 30 degree field in a 6-degree grid. All eyes had visual acuity of 0.2 or better. The mean visual acuity was 0.97 in MS and 0.83 in the unknown etiology cases. There were no differences in the rate of abnormalities in the 30 degree-field between MS and unknown cases. The mean sensitivity loss of the abnormal visual field with MS was significantly greater than that of the unknown cases. The 30 degree field was divided into 3 sections. MS had almost the same mean sensitivity loss in each section. The cases of unknown etiology had a greater mean loss in 0-10 degrees than that in the other sections. We could conclude therefore that diffuse visual field loss was caused by MS and central depression of 0-10 degrees in the 30 degree field was secondary to an unknown cause. In comparison to the affected eyes seventeen eyes with normal visual acuity and no history of optic neuritis were tested by program 31. Results showed that 3 eyes had abnormal points in 10-30 degree sections.
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PMID:[A comparison of central visual field measurement by automated perimetry in optic neuritis due to multiple sclerosis and of unknown etiology]. 280 61

Thirty-seven patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were compared to 26 normal controls of equivalent age, education, and verbal intelligence on measures of verbal learning and memory (Digit Span and Supraspan, Brown-Peterson Distractor Task, Selective Reminding Test, Story Recall, and Free Verbal Recall) and verbal fluency (Letter and Animal Fluency). The MS patients exhibited deficits on measures of secondary (long-term) memory and verbal fluency, but performed normally on measures of primary (short-term) memory, recognition memory, and rate of forgetting from secondary memory. These results suggest that the memory disturbance in MS results primarily from an imparied ability to access information from secondary memory, while encoding and storage capacity is intact. Degree of memory impairment was unrelated to length of illness, severity of disability, or self-reported depression.
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PMID:On the nature of memory disturbance in multiple sclerosis. 280 59

In a study initiated by the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 83% of a group of multiple sclerosis patients were found through interviews to believe they had a "basic right" to be told the true nature of their diagnosis. All of the patients agreed that the consultant physician, and not family members or paramedical personnel, should inform the patient. The authors comment that reasons for withholding the diagnosis center around the fear of causing depression or even suicide, and the desire to maintain hope. However, the burden of proof should be accepted by those who advocate a policy of non-disclosure.
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PMID:To tell or not to tell the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. 286 63

Somatostatin was originally isolated as a 14-amino-acid peptide from the ovine hypothalamus. The peptide has a widespread regional distribution within the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as in peripheral organs. Preservation of the chemical structure over a wide range of vertebral species indicates important functional roles of the peptide. Recent results about the role of somatostatin and related peptides in different psychiatric (depression, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease) and neurological (Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease) diseases, and the effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis are summarized. Also, the influence of some psychotropic drugs (halo-peridol, carbamazepine) on somatostatin levels in cerebrospinal fluid is discussed.
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PMID:Brain and CSF somatostatin concentrations in patients with psychiatric or neurological illness. An overview. 290 14

Nine severely disabled clinically definite chronic progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) patients who had at least one determination of intra-blood-brain-barrier (BBB) IgG synthesis rate of greater than 7 mg/day (upper limit of normal = 3.3) participated in this study. Seven patients were given 1 gram of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MP) by intravenous infusion over 30 minutes once a day for 3 days. Statistically significant (p less than .05) reduction in intra-BBB IgG synthesis (mg/day) was seen in 4/7 patients, but in only 2 were normal levels of synthesis rate (less than 3.3 mg/day) attained. Rebound of IgG synthesis to premedication rates occurred within 30 days in 2/4 patients. There was no change in intensity or pattern of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oligoclonal IgG bands by isoelectric focusing, immunofixation, and silver staining. A subsequent course of intrathecal methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) (80 mg twice a week for 5 weeks) was given to 5 of the 7 patients and to 2 additional patients not previously treated. In spite of signs of subarachnoid inflammation, a statistically significant depression of intra-BB synthesis, which far exceeded that from the pulse treatment occurred in all 7, including the 2 patients whose intra-BBB IgG synthesis rates were previously resistant to pulse steroid administration. Normal levels of synthesis were rapidly reached in 4/7 patients; however, an IgG synthesis rebound occurred in 3/7 patients which was just as rapid. One out of 7 patients showed a temporary reduction in the number of cathodic IgG oligoclonal bands in the CSF. Two patients required discontinuation of treatment due to aseptic meningitis in one and progressive weakness in the other. Clinically, these severely afflicted patients with fixed deficits remained unchanged with either treatment protocol. While MPA and ACTH have similar initial effect on the central nervous systems (CNS) inflammatory response in MS, the well documented risk of serious adversities with MPA prohibit its clinical use in MS in its present form.
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PMID:Multiple sclerosis intra-blood-brain-barrier IgG synthesis: effect of pulse intravenous and intrathecal corticosteroids. 292 43


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