Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The gliotoxic effect of multiple sclerosis serums and lymphocytes was investigated by the measurement of Cr51 release from prelabeled bovine oligodendroglia. There was no difference in glial toxicity between multiple sclerosis patients and normal controls except for a depression of Cr51 release from bovine oligodendroglia in the presence of autologous serum plus lymphocytes in the multiple sclerosis patients compared with the normal controls. This correlated with the phase of the disease and may be due to the presence of a lymphotoxic factor in the active multiple sclerosis serums.
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PMID:Oligodendroglial toxicity by serum and lymphocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis. 108 Feb 63

Lymphocytes from fifteen multiple sclerosis patients gave responses to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), conconavalin A (con A) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) which were in the normal range. However, the responses of lymphocytes to stimulation by an allogeneic lymphoid cell line (LCL) were significantly lower in HLA-7-positive than in HLA-7-negative patients (a distinction not found in control groups). Depression of con A, PHA and PWM responses were observed during intensive immunosuppression. Responses to LCL were unaltered or increased during initial azathioprine and prednisone treatment. The depression of this response following antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) treatment was delayed in the HLA-7-positive patients. One week after the end of ALG treatment, most PHA, con A and PWM responses had returned to low normal values. Reduction of azathioprine and prednisone treatment at the end of 1 year resulted in a sharp rise in PHA and con A responses in some patients. Relapses in patients were frequently associated with low responses to LCL cells.
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PMID:Intensive immunosuppression in patients with disseminated sclerosis. III. Lymphocyte response in vitro. 118 Oct 76

In confirmation and extension of observations by Carp and his associates, brain tissue and sera from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were found to harbor an agent which induces a transitory depression in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in mice as well as in rats, hamsters, and guinea pigs. All of eight MD brains contained this agent at titers as high as 10(-9)/g of brain tissue. The agent was found in MS sera at titers up to 10(-3)/ml of serum, but its presence depended to some extent on the clinical status of the patients; it was observed more frequently in sera of patients with active disease (73%) thatn in sera of patients with quiescent disease (31%). Control brain tissues or sera failed to induce PMN depression. The apparently MS-associated agent (MSAA) passed through 50-nm but not 25-nm membrane filters (Millipore Corp.) and was largely sedimented at 105,000 X g but not at 50,000 X g for 1 h. It multiplied to high titers in the central nervous tissue of the inoculated animals and could be serially transmitted from animal to animal by passage of brain homeganates. Various observations and considerations appear to preclude that MS-associated agent represents an indigenous animal virus. Although its role in MS remains to be determined, it should be considered a candidate for the etiology of this disease.
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PMID:Multiple sclerosis-associated agent: transmission to animals and some properties of the agent. 120 17

A total of 172 sera from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), theri relatives and nursing personnel, patients with other neurological and nonneurological diseases, and healthy donors living in the United State or East Africa under vastly divergent hygienic conditions were examined for their capacity to neutralize the MS-associated agent (MSAA), which induces in experimental animals a transitory depression of circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). A considerable proportion of sera from MS patients and their relatives or nursing personnel and East African donors revealed neutralizing activity, but only one of 59 sera from American donors without known contacts with MS patients revealed neutralizing activity. Some of the sera could be diluted 100- or 1,000- fold and still prevent, or substantially reduce, PMN depressions in mice. The neutralizing activity was shown to be associated with the immunoglobulin fractions of sera and therefore appears to be due to an antibody. Cerebrospinal fluids from MS, but not other, patients also strongly neutralized MSAA. Evidence has been presented that sera from MS patients may contain both MSAA and MSAA neutralizing antibodies. Antigen-antibody complexes were separated from such sera by high-speed centrifugation, and neutralizing antibodies were dissociated from them at a low pH. Whereas the data are as yet limited due to the vagaries and complexities of the test procedures, they provide further evidence that MSAA is not an indigenous virus of experimental animals, causes infections in man, and is indeed closely associated with MS. If it were the cause of MS, which remains to be ascertained, the data imply that not all infections by MSAA lead to the development of MS.
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PMID:Multiple sclerosis-associated agent: neutralization of the agent by human sera. 120 18

Animal data indicate that serotonin (5-HT) is a major neurotransmitter involved in the control of numerous central nervous system functions including mood, aggression, pain, anxiety, sleep, memory, eating behavior, addictive behavior, temperature control, endocrine regulation, and motor behavior. Moreover, there is evidence that abnormalities of 5-HT functions are related to the pathophysiology of diverse neurological conditions including Parkinson's disease, tardive dyskinesia, akathisia, dystonia, Huntington's disease, familial tremor, restless legs syndrome, myoclonus, Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, multiple sclerosis, sleep disorders, and dementia. The psychiatric disorders of schizophrenia, mania, depression, aggressive and self-injurious behavior, obsessive compulsive disorder, seasonal affective disorder, substance abuse, hypersexuality, anxiety disorders, bulimia, childhood hyperactivity, and behavioral disorders in geriatric patients have been linked to impaired central 5-HT functions. Tryptophan, the natural amino acid precursor in 5-HT biosynthesis, increases 5-HT synthesis in the brain and, therefore, may stimulate 5-HT release and function. Since it is a natural constituent of the diet, tryptophan should have low toxicity and produce few side effects. Based on these advantages, dietary tryptophan supplementation has been used in the management of neuropsychiatric disorders with variable success. This review summarizes current clinical use of tryptophan supplementation in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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PMID:L-tryptophan in neuropsychiatric disorders: a review. 130 30

A patient is presented with clinically and laboratory supported definite multiple sclerosis who developed severe depression followed by mental deterioration. Magnetic resonance imaging MRI demonstrated multiple hemispherical lesions. It is suggested that the psychiatric and cognitive signs and symptoms observed in this patient are due to severe cerebral demyelination.
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PMID:Psychiatric symptoms and mental changes as major features of multiple sclerosis. 132 Apr 93

Somatostatin (somatotropin release-inhibiting factor, SRIF) was originally discovered (1) during the purification of growth hormone-releasing factor from rat hypothalamus and was subsequently isolated and characterized (2) in 1972 from ovine hypothalamus. Since its initial characterization, SRIF has been shown to fulfill criteria for a neurotransmitter and to directly modulate neuronal activity as well as acting as an inhibitory factor regulating endocrine and exocrine secretion. Alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of SRIF have been reported in several diseases exhibiting prominent cognitive dysfunction, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), major depression, Huntington's chorea, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease, while evidence for regional brain tissue concentration deficits in SRIF are more specific for AD. This mini-review will focus on the studies reporting alterations in CSF and postmortem tissue concentrations of SRIF in AD and depression.
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PMID:Somatostatin in Alzheimer's disease and depression. 135 21

The purpose of this study was to explore further the hypothesis that changes in cognitive function may occur in the mild stages of multiple sclerosis (MS) by determining whether ventricular enlargement was related to cognitive function. Ten measures of ventricular size were made in a sample of 123 MS patients with mild disability and 60 well-matched healthy controls. In addition, sixteen tests of cognitive function and the Beck Depression Inventory were administered. For the MS group, there were significant correlations between the ventricular measures and cognitive performance but not for the normal controls. Scores on the Beck Depression Inventory were not correlated with either cognitive performance or ventricular enlargement. These findings suggest that for the MS group cognitive impairment was related to the disease process but not to the level of depression.
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PMID:Ventricular size, cognitive function and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis. 139 45

In this study was compared the mental health status of 47 multiple sclerosis patients with silver/mercury tooth fillings (amalgams) to that of 50 patients with their fillings removed. On the Beck Depression Inventory the multiple sclerosis subjects with amalgams suffered significantly more depression while their scores on the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory indicated the former group also exhibited significantly more anger. On the SCL-90 Revised, subjects with amalgam fillings had significantly more symptoms of depression, hostility, psychotism, and were more obsessive-compulsive than the patients with such fillings removed. On a questionnaire containing 18 mental health symptoms multiple sclerosis subjects with amalgam fillings reported a history of 43% more symptoms than those without amalgam fillings over the past 12 months. These data suggested that the poorer mental health status exhibited by multiple sclerosis subjects with dental amalgam fillings may be associated with mercury toxicity from the amalgam.
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PMID:A comparison of mental health of multiple sclerosis patients with silver/mercury dental fillings and those with fillings removed. 149 84

The aim of this paper is to review the question of depression in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Morbidity and methodological difficulties in the investigation of depressive states in MS are analyzed. Prevalence of depression in MS in previous series is critically compared. The role of chronic invalidity and topography of demyelinating lesions in the development of depression are considered. We also review the treatment of depressive states and future guidelines for investigation of this topic.
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PMID:[Depressive states in multiple sclerosis. Critical bibliographic review]. 149 12


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