Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

With the MEM test (Field) one can establish a cellular immune reaction becarus the sensitized lymphocytes release the macrophage slowing factor (MSF) upon interaction with the appropriate antigen. A macrophage migration inhibition was detected in some neurological diseases with destruction of the parenchyma. The modification MEM-LAD (linoleic acid depression) test made further differentiation possible in the 146 neurological patients and normals. The reduction of macrophage mobility inhibition was 94.7 + 4.7% in multiple sclerosis (MS) cases as compared with that of normals of 55.1 + 3.7% and of other neurological diseases of 47.8 + 7.1%. There were no significant differences due to the course and duration of the disease or to immunosuppressive therapy. The pathogenically important results in relatives of MS patients with values between the MS and normal group (78.5 + 0.7%) in mothers suggested a familial (genetic) disposition. The same value was found in a monozygotic twin of an MS patient. The results in the children studied showed that besides the endogenic metabolic component the aetiopathogenically important exogenic factors can operate early in life. In correlation with the principle of the MEM-LAD test the suppressive action of linoleic acid can result in a further therapeutic concept.
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PMID:[The macrophage electrophoretic mobility LAD test--a diagnostic method for multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. 5 89

A combined familial study of multiple sclerosis (MS) in England and in the Rostock area of the GDR using the macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM)-LAD test embracing 132 relatives has revealed a closely similar pattern of distribution of "anomalous" LAD (Linoleic Acid Depression) values in relatives (77% type of reaction) to that originally reported in the British study. The anomaly in predominantly associated with females--all mothers of MS patients being affected, whilst daughters and sisters are also represented. In addition unusual full MS type of reaction (90% reduction) has been found in some children related to patients. There is clearly a genetic element in the development of MS probably mainfested in the inborn mishandling of unsaturated fatty acids suggested by Thompson; no recognizable pattern of inheritance is noticeable even within the combined material. There is evidence that the metabolic anomaly alone does not inevitably lead to MS, and the full abnormality may be present at an early age. A survey about the examinations and a selection of characteristic family trees of MS are given, illustrating the manner in which the 77% type anomaly is distributed with occasional omission of a generation.
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PMID:Anomalous lymphocyte-antigen reaction in relatives of multiple sclerosis patients. A study of a possible genetic factor in the disease. 7 3

The mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) as measured by the macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) test is markedly reduced between unrelated multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. This is not the case with other neurological diseases (OND). Within an MS family, the MLR between the propositus and members of the family falls into the low (MS type) range or into the normal or OND range. Those members who give the low results are those who have a MEM-LAD test result of about 77 per cent, i.e. halfway between that of normal and MS. There is thus a parallelism between the anomalous response to linoleic acid and an unexpectedly low MLR with known MS lymphocytes. Lymphocytes from apparently normal children who have a high (MS-type) linoleic acid depression result take part in an MLR with MS cells, as if they were themselves true MS cells. Some possible implications these findings may have for the pathogenesis of MS are discussed.
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PMID:Mixed lymphocyte reaction in multiple sclerosis. 13 88

The groups that originally reported and confirmed the demonstration of a multiple sclerosis associated agent (MSAA) are now, along with others, unable to reproduce this effect. In view of this confusion and the potential importance of this work for multiple sclerosis (MS) we have done a strict double-blind trial using larger groups of mice (10) and counting more cells (900) than in previous reports to offset the high variability of mouse polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) counts. Sera from 5 active MS patients and 4 normal subjects were tested in mice, half of which had previously been injected with PAM line cells (containing C-type particles and subject to reduced cell yield when cultured with MS brain extract). No significant PMN depression was found in either MS or normals on any basis of comparison. However, a significant depression was seen following PAM cell injection irrespective of serum origin. Higher counting accuracy did not reduce PMN variability. A single MS brain specimen was also without effect. consequently we have been unable to confirm the existence of an MSAA as defined by PMN depression in mice.
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PMID:Multiple sclerosis-associated agent. Failure of MS brain and serum to depress the polymorph count in normal mice and mice inoculated with cells containing C/type particles. 22 Mar 88

Lymphocyte subpopulations were determined in patients with confirmed multiple sclerosis using a new technique in which immunoglobulin bearing (lg+) cells are rosetted directly with purified anti-light chain antibody-coated human erythrocytes, while T cells are first sensitized with specific anti-human thymus antisera prepared in b4b4 rabbits, and then indirectly rosetted with purified anti-rabbit light chain allotype antibody-coated human erythrocytes. In 45 percent of the patients, there was a striking decrease in the percentage of T lymphocytes and a reciprocal elevation of lg+ and N cells. In another 20 percent, T cell depression was not accompanied by Ig+ elevation. The remaining 35 percent had normal lymphocyte profiles as did all patients with nondemyelinating neurologic diseases. However, we found no significant correlation between the lymphocyte profiles and prospective clinical evaluation of these patients and no correlation between alterations in lymphocyte profile and the presence of neuroelectric blocking factors in the peripheral blood of multiple sclerosis patients.
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PMID:Lymphocyte subpopulations in multiple scerlosis: comparison with neuroelectric blocking activity. 30 31

Using a modification of the active rosette test of Wybran and Fudenberg, we found that the percentages of active T cells were significantly lower in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients than in blood obtained simultaneously from these patients, or in the CSF or blood from patients with other neurologic diseases. These results suggest that in MS there may be a depression or deficiency of a functional subpopulation of T lymphocytes confined to the central nervous system.
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PMID:Reduced number of active T cells in cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis. 31 27

Recent reports indicate that a multiple sclerosis agent (MSAA) has been isolated. This agent was detected in mice by a depression in the percentage of mouse polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). We attempted to repeat these studies using coded specimens. The test, itself, was extremely variable and difficult to reproduce. In the first study, three of three multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and one of two control patients' specimens showed some PMN depression. In a repeat study of these same samples, one of three MS patients and one of two controls were associated with PMN depression. With a second set of coded specimens, one of four MS patients, one of three patients with neurologic diseases, and none of three controls showed PMN depression. We were unable to confirm the presence of MSAA and conclude that the results were random.
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PMID:Multiple sclerosis associated agent (MSAA): failure to confirm an association with multiple sclerosis. 56 84

A 52-year-old white male with a 26 year history of multiple sclerosis developed a monoclonal gammopathy of the IgA class, with reciprocal depression of normal immunoglobulins. A bone marrow aspirate and biopsy showed a marked increase in plasma cells, many of which appeared immature. These findings fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for multiple myeloma. The association of multiple myeloma with multiple sclerosis may not be coincidental. Mechanisms regarding this association are discussed.
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PMID:Monoclonal gammopathy associated with multiple sclerosis. 73 11

A diagnostic dilemma exists when clinicians face patients with atypical recurrent symptoms involving both physical and psychologic elements. Multiple sclerosis (MS) represents such a dilemma. Few authors address themselves to the significance of depressive illness as the initial presentation in MS. Three patients hospitalized solely due to recurrent emotional disorders are described. Depressive symptoms predominated. In each case no precipitant for depression was identified, no previous neurologic diagnosis was entertained by clinician or patient, and multiple prior psychotherapeutic interventions were unsuccessful. The episodic nature of the symptoms and poor response to usually effective treatments created a high index of suspicion for central nervous system disease. A diagnosis of MS was made based on subtle neurologic signs, spinal fluid gamma globulin elevations, and abnormalities in neuropsychological testing. Treatment involved integrated psychiatric and medical measures.
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PMID:Multiple sclerosis--presenting as depressive illness. 83 11

In a sample of 85 multiple sclerosis patients an increase of the objective neurological degree of severity of the illness resulted in a significant decrease of manifold psychometrically recorded functions of intelligence (verbal and non-verbal intelligence). Of the personality characteristics registered by questionnaire only depression proved significant, but numerically slightly positive correlation with the degree of severity of the illness. The correlations between degree of severity and personality characteristics, as aggressiveness, sociability, neuroticism, extraversion were not significant. The personality-psychological results were especially interpreted and discussed with regard to the therapeutic consequences.
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PMID:[Multiple sclerosis and personality aspects (author's transl)]. 95 97


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