Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-one cases of "Haemophilus influenzae" meningitis occurred over a seven year period. An ampicillin-resistant strain was isolated in three (14,2%), but the percentage of ampicillin-resistant strains rose to 33% over the last two years, in meningitis and to 38% in all patients whose blood or CSF grew "Haemophilus influenzae". One case (4,7%) had severe neurologic damage, and 3 (14%) had minor damage. The estimated duration of symptoms prior to proper treatment correlated with duration of fever conscience depression, and hospital stay. Both of the patients with symptoms prior to treatment lasting over 72 hours had sequellae. Chloramphenicol should be included in the therapy of every patient suspected of having severe "Haemophilus influenzae" infection in our region.
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PMID:[Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. Review of 21 cases]. 698 13

Body movements during sleep were observed in 14 full-term sick newborn infants such as perinatal asphyxia, purulent meningitis, meconium aspiration syndrome, melena, porencephaly, and hydranencephaly. Five newborn infants who had recovered from transient vomiting were examined as control. Infants with minimally depressed background EEG showed an increase of generalized movement (GM) and localized tonic movement (LTM) in quiet sleep. Hydranencephalic infants revealed an increase of generalized phasic movement (GPM) in active and quiet sleep. On the other hand, a decrease or an absence of body movements was observed in infants with severe EEG abnormalities such as moderate, marked and maximal depression. Hydranencephalic and porencephalic neonates showed a decrease of LTM in active sleep. One infant with purulent meningitis, showing markedly depressed EEG, revealed GPM-like movements of much longer duration. The follow-up study revealed that the absence of body movements or the increase of GPM might indicate a very poor outcome, whereas the presence of LTM, even in a small amount, suggested the preservation of cortical functions. The increase of body movements was also considered to correlate with sleep disturbance and served to indicate a brain dysfunction.
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PMID:Body movements during sleep in full-term newborn infants. 706 77

A retrospective analysis of 51 patients with cancer pain treated with a continuous i.t. morphine infusion through a tunnelled percutaneous catheter was undertaken. Because of insufficient pain relief with morphine only, 17 of these patients received a morphine/bupivacaine mixture. Pain relief subsequently improved significantly in 10 patients and a moderate improvement was present in 4 patients. An additional analgesic effect of bupivacaine was not shown in 3 patients with clinical signs of severe mental depression. Bupivacaine-induced side effects were absent below a daily dosage of 30 mg by continuous infusion. In all patients a gradual dose increment was observed. No serious complications, neurologic sequelae or meningitis occurred. It is concluded that long-term i.t. infusion of morphine through a tunnelled catheter can provide adequate pain relief in cancer patients with an acceptable risk-benefit ratio. The effects of long-term intrathecal co-administration of local anesthetics, especially bupivacaine, await further prospective evaluation.
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PMID:Long-term intrathecal infusion of morphine and morphine/bupivacaine mixtures in the treatment of cancer pain: a retrospective analysis of 51 cases. 827 4

Status epilepticus (SE) is one of the most common neurologic emergencies in children, adolescents, and young adults. SE may be due to acute neurologic conditions such as meningitis, encephalitis, or stroke, complicated febrile seizures, intractable epilepsy, degenerative diseases, intoxication, or may be the first manifestation of epilepsy. Initial treatment of convulsive SE is usually with an intravenous benzodiazepine (BZD) [lorazepam (LZP) or diazepam (DZP)], phenobarbital (PB), or phenytoin (PHT). LZP is less likely to cause respiratory depression than DZP and is therefore preferred. Sequelae and risk for recurrence of SE are primarily related to the underlying cause. Refractory SE (RSE) is most often symptomatic of an acute neurologic condition or neurodegenerative disease. Treatment for RSE is difficult, usually requiring intensive support of vital functions. Reported treatments for RSE include very high dose PB, continuous infusions of pentobarbital or BZDs (DZP, midazolam), lidocaine, inhalation anesthesia, and propofol. Outcome is related to underlying cause. Nonconvulsive SE may present as confusion or may mimic psychiatric illness. Response to BZDs is usually rapid but may not be sustained. Rapid initiation of oral or rectal valproate may be useful. Epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) is almost always due to an acute or chronic destructive lesion. Surgical treatment may be the only effective modality in some children with EPC. Acute treatment of breakthrough seizures and clusters of seizures at home with rectal BZDs (usually DZP, 0.2-0.5 mg/kg) may prevent progression to SE in some children and adolescents and reduce the need for visits to emergency facilities.
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PMID:Status epilepticus and acute repetitive seizures in children, adolescents, and young adults: etiology, outcome, and treatment. 864 55

The epidemiological situation of bacterial meningitis is increasing dramatically. There is no doubt that the lack of proper animal models has hampered the achievement of effective prophylactic and therapeutic means. We report the characterization of the experimental disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in mice, taking into account its importance as an etiological agent of such a type of meningitis. The high resistance of C57BL/6, CBA/ J and BALB/cJ mice to Hib infection was proven. LD50 of Hib using trypsin or iron dextran as virulence enhancement factors (VEF), both being similar and more than 1000 times lower than that without any VEF, were determined. Lesions of CNS compatible with meningitis were found in about one third of specimens. Hair bristling, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, depression and prostration were the most characteristic symptoms. The proportion of animals which die is highest on the first day, lower on the second and almost zero after 48 h of infection. Water and food intake was higher in control than in infected animals; nevertheless, there were no differences in body weight increase among the mice after 5 days post-infection. Microorganisms were isolated from CSF and blood after 6 h of infection and positive results remained according to the size of the inoculum. Despite the acuteness of the experimental disease, antibiotic treatment with internationally recommended drugs was shown to be effective. Similar results were achieved when hyperimmune serum vs. Hib was applied.
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PMID:Experimental infection by Haemophilus influenzae type b in inbred mice. 869 54

Red cell metabolism (RCM) was examined in 63 patients with severe and complicated meningococcal infection and purulent meningitis of another etiology. There were complex pathobiochemical shifts with changes in glycolysis (in activity of lactate dehydrogenase, piruvatkinase, in the amount of piruvate, lactate and 2,3-DPG), antioxidant status (in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase), Mg+2, Na+, K(+)-dependent ATPase. Primary depression of red cell metabolism changed for compensatory activation for hypoxia adaptation in clinical improvement. RCM disturbance coincided with emergence of early complications and reached maximum in lethal outcome. Pathogenetic and clinical implications of RCM in meningococcal infection and purulent meningitis are described.
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PMID:[The enzyme activity and pyruvate, lactate and 2,3-DPG levels in the erythrocytes of patients with severe forms of meningococcal infection and suppurative meningitis]. 877 62

Brain damage has been reported to be associated with the onset of panic disorder. We report a case of panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) after recovery from tuberculous meningitis (TBM). The CT brain showed cerebral oedema and basal meningeal enhancement. On recovery from the TBM, the patient developed PDA as well as features of depression. She was treated with alprazolam, amitryptline and underwent behaviour therapy over a period of 18 months. At the end of this period, the patient showed improvement but had not reached her pre-morbid level of functioning. The possibilities of brain damage as aetiological factors for PDA are discussed.
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PMID:Panic disorder with agoraphobia following tuberculous meningitis. 910 72

Management of severe spasticity in children is often a difficult problem. Orally administered medications generally offer limited benefits. This study examines the value of intrathecally administered baclofen in the treatment of 19 children with severe spasticity of cerebral origin: eight of whom sustained brain injury associated with trauma, near drowning, or cardiac arrest; 10 with cerebral palsy (spastic quadriplegia); and one child with Leigh's disease. At the time of entry into the study, patients ranged from 4 to 19 years of age, and all were completely dependent on caretakers for activities of daily living. Children who responded positively to a trial dose of intrathecal baclofen underwent insertion of a drug delivery system for continuous infusion. This was followed by a double-blind trial of baclofen or placebo and follow-up review at 3 and 6 months, and yearly thereafter. Seven children did not undergo pump implantation because of excess sedation or poor response. The 12 remaining children have been followed for a period of 1 to 5 years. Favorable responses were present in all 12 children as determined by the Ashworth Scale, with the greatest benefit being reduction of lower limb tone. Except in the case of one child who had reduction in lower limb tone that resulted in difficulty with transfers, the caretakers all reported significant benefits from intrathecal baclofen, with improvement in muscle tone, behavior, sitting, and general ease of care being most commonly noted. Central side effects were seen in some children who received continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion and included hypotension (two patients), bradycardia (two), apnea or respiratory depression (two), and sedation (one). During a total of 568 months of pump operation there were 10 mechanical complications, including two related to pump or side port failure and eight related to catheter kinks, extrusions, or dislodgment. Pump pocket effusion occurred in five children and a cerebrospinal fluid fistula was seen in one child. Local infection occurred in three children and meningitis in two children. The results demonstrate the potential value of continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion for treatment of severe spasticity of cerebral origin. However, this treatment can result in significant complications and more experience is required before the long-term benefits can be determined.
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PMID:Intrathecally administered baclofen for treatment of children with spasticity of cerebral origin. 928 7

The aim of Programme 38 of the Swiss National Research Foundation is to enhance collaboration between basic science and clinical application, as related to diseases of the nervous system, over a 5-year period. The 15 ongoing projects are described. They are mainly concerned with mechanisms of pathogenesis and recovery of function, and ways of modifying them therapeutically after traumatic lesions or various diseases of the nervous system such as stroke, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's dementia, depression, meningitis, HMSN etc.
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PMID:[National Research Program NFP 38: "Diseases of the nervous system"]. 964 54

Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) are involved in many processes related to depression. Evaluations of serum and plasma Ca and Mg levels in depressive disorders do not show consistent results. The few studies that examined their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels tended to find no differences between depressed patients and controls. Because both hypercalcemia and hypomagnesemia are associated with depression, and as Mg may function as a Ca antagonist, it is suggested that the relationship between these cations could be different in depressed patients and controls. We examined CSF and serum Ca and Mg in acutely depressed patients diagnosed as having major depressive disorder or being in a depressive episode of bipolar disorder. Controls were subjects undergoing lumbar puncture as part of an evaluation for headache or suspected meningitis and found to demonstrate no physical or mental disorder. Serum and CSF Ca/Mg ratios were found to be elevated in the depressed patients compared with the controls. A retrospective analysis of previous trials assessing serum/plasma or CSF Ca and Mg does not seem to refute the findings of this study. We further discuss our findings in their relation to the acuteness of the depressive disorders.
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PMID:High serum and cerebrospinal fluid Ca/Mg ratio in recently hospitalized acutely depressed patients. 1007 61


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