Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixteen patients with panic attacks were treated with alprazolam at an anxiety clinic between March 1982 and April 1983. For all patients charts were reviewed for baseline data and treatment results at 1 and 6 months. Quantitated self-rating scales and the Clinical Global Impressions scale were used to assess progress. Alprazolam appeared effective for panic, agoraphobia, and depressive symptoms in 7 of 11 patients with either panic disorder or agoraphobia with panic attacks (DSM-III-defined diagnoses); side effects occurred in 4 of the 11 patients, were limited to oversedation, and resulted in no discontinuations of drug. However, alprazolam was ineffective in controlling panic, agoraphobia, and depression in 5 patients with panic attacks and secondary major depressive episode; for this group of patients, side effects were apparently paradoxical and required drug discontinuation in 3 of these 5 patients.
 ...
PMID:Alprazolam in the treatment of panic attack patients with and without major depression. 333 78

The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Bech-Rafaelsen Melancholia Scale (BRMS) were compared with respect to content, concurrent and external validity in sample of 130 patients with a major depressive episode. The three scales did equally well in concurrent and external validity. The HAMD showed some deficiencies in content validity. The consequences for depression severity assessment are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Improving depression severity assessment--II. Content, concurrent and external validity of three observer depression scales. 339 5

Major depression, a mental disorder responsive to specific treatments, may be misdiagnosed by psychiatrists and other mental health personnel. Many patients referred to a depression clinic with other, generally less severe diagnoses were reevaluated by clinic staff and shown to meet DSM-III criteria for a major depressive episode. Discussions with referring therapists about these diagnostic discrepancies revealed frequent misconceptions about the diagnosis of major depression. In response to these observations, a questionnaire was devised to assess clinicians' knowledge about the DSM-III criteria for major depression. One hundred thirteen questionnaires were distributed to clinicians of varied disciplines and levels of experience, and 54 of these questionnaires were returned. Misconceptions about the DSM-III criteria for a major depressive episode were frequent among responders. The most common errors involved the incorrect assumption that vegetative signs and a distinct quality of mood are required for the diagnosis of major depression and that the diagnosis should not be made if chronic. Other major areas of confusion and potential causes of diagnostic error are discussed. Significantly, there were no differences in kind and number of errors when trainees and nontrainees were compared.
 ...
PMID:Knowledge of the diagnostic criteria for major depression. A survey of mental health professionals. 340 40

The electrodermal activity (EDA) in 59 depressive patients was investigated during stimulation with neutral tone stimuli. The patients were classified according to six dichotomies: 1) dysthymic disorder vs major depressive episode (DSM-III); 2) melancholic vs nonmelancholic major depressive episode (DSM-III); 3) endogenous vs nonendogenous (Newcastle scale); 4) high vs low inhibition; 5) psychomotor inhibition vs agitation; and 6) indices of high vs low hypothalamic disturbance. The low EDA usually found in depressive patients seems to be more pronounced in endogenous patients and in patients with symptoms of inhibition. Relationships between indices of hypothalamic dysfunction and low EDA were found, but lacked homogeneity. Early debut and long duration of current depression were related to small magnitude of the skin conductance response.
 ...
PMID:Electrodermal activity in relation to diagnostic subgroups and symptoms of depressive patients. 344 61

The epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and clinical features, and treatment of unipolar (depressive) and bipolar (manic-depressive) affective disorders are described. Disturbances of mood are the most common psychiatric disorders in adults, with 18-23% of women and 8-11% of men having at least one major depressive episode. Genetic factors are important in both depression and manic-depressive illness. Depression is characterized by a persistent dysphoric mood accompanied by feelings of sadness or hopelessness nearly every day for at least two weeks. The essential feature of a manic episode is an elevated, expansive, or irritable mood associated with symptoms such as hyperactivity and lack of judgment. Treatment involves nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions. Psychotherapy in patients with depression is most useful in improving social functions, while antidepressant drugs reduce relapse rates. Electroconvulsive therapy is indicated in depressed patients at immediate risk of suicide or extreme incapacitation. Tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, imipramine, doxepin, notriptyline, desipramine, trimipramine), second-generation antidepressants (maprotiline, amoxapine, trazodone, bupropion), monoamine-oxidase inhibitors (phenelzine, isocarboxazid, tranylcypromine, pargyline), and lithium are useful in treating patients with affective disorders. Tricyclic agents are the mainstay of treatment for depression; newer second-generation agents should be used in specific subgroups of patients. Lithium is the drug of choice for prophylaxis in bipolar patients, whereas combinations of lithium and tricyclic agents are useful during acute episodes of depression in bipolar patients. Major affective disorders occur commonly and require a careful balance of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions for proper therapy.
 ...
PMID:Current concepts in clinical therapeutics: major affective disorders, Part 1. 351 59

Neuromyasthenia (benign myalgic encephalomyelitis) is a term used to describe a protracted and incomplete recovery phase following viral-like illnesses. There are few significant physical findings or abnormal laboratory determinations. Although depressive symptoms have been observed in individuals with neuromyasthenia, systematic psychological investigations based on a standardized interview technique have not been reported. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and psychiatric symptoms in a group of patients presenting with neuromyasthenia. The study consisted of three parts: a structured psychiatric interview (The National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule), a self-report measure (The Beck Depression Inventory) and Dexamethasone Suppression Test. Results indicated that relative to a matched comparison group of non-clinical volunteers, a significant percentage (67%) of neuromyasthenic patients met criteria for major depression. Even more striking was the observation that 50 percent of the sample had a major depressive episode prior to the development of neuromyasthenia. These findings suggest that sporadic neuromyasthenia may be the result of an organic illness in psychologically susceptible individuals.
 ...
PMID:Depression in patients with neuromyasthenia (benign myalgic encephalomyelitis). 358 62

The present study attempts to delineate the course of depressive illness in suicidal, depressed inpatients as compared with a matched group of nonsuicidal, depressed inpatients. Thirty adult nonpsychotic psychiatric inpatients presenting with symptoms of a major depressive episode participated in the present study. Two subject groups were identified, one suicidal and the other nonsuicidal according to their responses on the Modified Scale for Suicidal Ideation. Subjects were assessed on a variety of self-report measures and several clinical interviews during hospitalization and follow-ups at 4, 10 and 16 months after discharge. Results supported the hypothesis that, although displaying similar levels of depression during hospitalization as well as at long-term follow-up, the two groups differed in the speed of their recovery. Approximately 4 months after discharge virtually all of the nonsuicidal patients had recovered, whereas a majority of the suicidal group remained quite depressed. These results suggest that more time is needed for the recovery process to occur in suicidal patients. Future research in the area of depression and suicide should take into account the different courses seen in these two groups of subjects. Furthermore, those who treat suicidally depressed patients should be cautions of the slow recovery of these patients.
 ...
PMID:The course of depressive symptoms in suicidal vs. nonsuicidal depressed inpatients. 362 84

Patients admitted to an inpatient psychiatric service were screened to identify middle-aged (35 to 50 years of age) and elderly (60 years of age and over) patients suffering from a major depressive episode with melancholia. Thirty-seven subjects (18 middle-aged and 19 elderly) were identified. Criteria symptoms for depression and symptoms specifically associated with melancholic or endogenous depression did not differ across age groups, with few exceptions. Major depression with melancholia in this hospitalized population was symptomatically similar in the middle-aged and elderly. The syndrome is therefore relatively common on this inpatient service and should be easily recognized.
 ...
PMID:Major depression with melancholia: a comparison of middle-aged and elderly adults. 365 75

Sodium lactate infusion provokes panic attacks in panic disorder patients but not in normal controls. We have previously shown that patients who develop panic disorder during a major depressive episode are similar to panic disorder patients in their rate of panic attacks with lactate. In the present pilot study, nine patients with major depression without panic attacks underwent lactate infusions. These patients differed significantly from panic disorder patients but not from controls in their response to lactate. This argues for the specificity of lactate sensitivity for the phenomenon of panic attacks and gives further evidence for biological differences between panic and depression.
 ...
PMID:Lactate infusions in major depression without panic attacks. 368 59

Depression has been reported to be common in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), using a variety of criteria for the diagnosis of depression. However, many studies have relied solely on the presence of symptoms such as a dysphoric mood and fatigue in making a diagnosis of depression. Both fatigue and dysphoric mood are also associated with medical illnesses, and psychiatric diagnoses based on such nonspecific symptoms may lack the specificity necessary to predict the need for psychiatric treatment. To assess the incidence of depression likely to require and respond to psychiatric treatment, 50 patients documented to have CAD by coronary angiography underwent psychiatric diagnostic interviews. Current research-based criteria (DSM-III) were used to make diagnoses of major depressive disorder. In addition, the applicability of a brief screening inventory the (Beck depression inventory) for detecting the presence of depression in these patients was tested. Nine patients (18%) met criteria (DSM-III) for major depressive episode. Depression was not related to the extent of CAD, age or use of beta blockers. There was a relation between depression and smoking. Only 2 of the 9 depressed patients had been diagnosed previously and were being treated for depression. When a score of greater than or equal to 10 on the Beck depression inventory was used to distinguish patients with depression, it had moderate sensitivity (78%) and specificity (90%) for the identification of depression.
 ...
PMID:Major depressive disorder in coronary artery disease. 368 79


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>