Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Results of biological and psychosocial studies of depression completed in the last decade have stimulated the need for new hypotheses that synthesize these findings in a unified etiologic theory. The importance of disruption of biological rhythms on the one hand, and psychosocial losses on the other, in the causation of depressive episodes suggest one possible unifying hypothesis. The concept of loss of "social zeitgebers," ie, persons, social demands, or tasks that set the biological clock, may provide the link between biological and psychosocial theories of etiology. We suggest that a disruption of social rhythms, which may result in instability in biological rhythms, could be responsible for triggering the onset of a major depressive episode in vulnerable individuals.
 ...
PMID:Social zeitgebers and biological rhythms. A unified approach to understanding the etiology of depression. 277 52

The number of elderly women is growing in absolute numbers and in proportion to the U. S. population. Current epidemiologic research indicates that the most frequent psychiatric disorders among older women are phobias, severe cognitive impairment, dysthymia, and major depressive episode without grief. The rates of all of these disorders, except for cognitive impairment, are lower for older than for younger women. The rates of psychiatric disorders in older women are higher than in older men, except for alcohol abuse-dependence, which is higher in men. Depression is a common psychiatric problem in older women. The differential diagnosis includes other medical disorders, drug effects, normal grief, and early dementia. Older depressed women may present with physical complaints rather than complaints of depression, and thus be misdiagnosed. Treatment consists of psychotherapy, antidepressant medication, and activities to improve self-esteem. Dementia affects 4 percent of elderly women over age 65, and 20 percent of those over age 85. The most common cause is Alzheimer's disease. Current research is focusing on abnormalities in the cholinergic system in the brain. A careful psychiatric evaluation may identify medical conditions, including depression, which can be treated and can lead to improvements in the patient's functioning.
 ...
PMID:Mental health and older women. 312 Feb 18

Fifty-two unipolar delusional depressives were matched to 52 unipolar nondelusional depressives on the basis of sex, age at index episode of depression and age at first episode of depression. In a one year follow-up after discharge from inpatient treatment, the delusional depressives had a poorer clinical course than the nondelusional depressives as manifested by significantly higher rates both of major depression or delusions lasting longer than 9 months and of being in a major depressive episode at the end of the follow-up period.
 ...
PMID:Delusional depression. A one year follow-up. 316 Jul 51

The performance of the dexamethasone suppression test was assessed in 90 consecutive admissions with a diagnosis of depression, categorised according to two classification systems (DSM-III and ICD-9). Non-suppression was found in most of the diagnostic categories, but there was a highly significant association with the DSM-III classification 'major depressive episode with melancholia' (52%) in comparison with the ICD group 'manic-depressive illness-depressed' (29%).
 ...
PMID:Performance of the dexamethasone suppression test in depressive illness according to ICD and DSM-III classification systems. 316 10

Electrodermal activity (EDA) was investigated in 28 patients when depressive and when in remission and in 28 matched and 59 unmatched healthy subjects. The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 37 months (median two years). All the EDA variables were significantly elevated at follow-up and did not differ significantly from the EDA of the matched healthy subjects. However, in patients with extremely low electrodermal responsivity (EDR) when depressed, including suicide attempters, EDA was significantly elevated, but did not reach the levels of the healthy subjects, except for one EDA variable. Further, patients with major depressive episode and a history of recurrent depression did not reach the EDR levels found in the healthy subjects. The results are interpreted as an indication that normalization of EDA does not parallel clinical recovery and may be extended for several months (perhaps years for the EDR), possibly indicating vulnerability to relapse. The data may also be interpreted that persons who are normally electrodermally hyporesponsive, may, when depressive, develop a state of extreme hyporesponsivity that seems to be linked to the ability to carry out a suicide attempt.
 ...
PMID:Electrodermal activity in depressive patients in remission and in matched healthy subjects. 322 24

To explore the role of the somatomedin-mediated long-loop negative feed-back mechanism in altered growth hormone (GH) secretory dynamics associated with depression, plasma IGF-I concentrations were measured in 34 patients with a major depressive episode and matched healthy subjects. Compared with controls, depressed patients exhibited significantly increased plasma IGF-I concentrations. In the patient group plasma IGF-I concentrations were positively correlated with the maximum post-dexamethasone plasma cortisol concentrations. Our data suggest that increased plasma IGF-I concentration may reflect diurnal GH hypersecretion, contribute to deficient GH responses to dynamic challenges, and indicate an interrelationship between the hypothalamic-pituitary-somatotropic (HPS) and -adrenocortical (HPA) system regulation in depression.
 ...
PMID:Insulin-like growth factor I in depressed patients and controls. 322 25

33 depressive patients diagnosed major depressive episode (DSM III) have been assessed by the French translation of the melancholia scale of Bech and Rafaelsen and the following scales: scale of depressive retardation (ERD) (Widlocher), Hamilton depression rating scale with 26 items (HDS 26), Montgomery and Asberg depression rating scale (MADRS). A concurrent validation shows that Bech-Rafaelsen melancholia scale is valid. A principal components analysis with VARIMAX rotation found 4 principal components: retardation and blunted affect, asthenia, anxiety, suicidal impulses.
 ...
PMID:[French adaptation, concurrent validation and factorial analysis of the Bech and Rafaelsen melancholia scale]. 322 85

The relationship between brain density, measured by computerized tomography (CT), and severity of depression was investigated in 44 patients with a major depressive episode according to DSM-III. In order to limit methodological problems, correlations between both the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Bech-Rafaelsen Melancholia Scale (BRMS) with density values were controlled for age, different ventricle measurements, brain size, and density and size of the skull. The BRMS score correlated inversely with density of the right thalamus, the right head of the caudate, and with parietal grey matter and occipital regions of both hemispheres. Similar, but nonsignificant results, were obtained for the BPRS score.
 ...
PMID:Brain density in depression: methodological and psychopathological aspects. 323 40

In 72 outpatients with DSM-III major depressive episode, adinazolam was superior to placebo in all measurements. Significantly more adinazolam-treated subjects (N = 36) than placebo subjects (N = 36) completed the study (67% vs. 19%), were rated "much" or "very much" improved (78% vs. 19%), and had a "moderate" or "marked" therapeutic effect of the drug (67% vs. 19%). The total Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score decreased by 50% or more in 61% of the adinazolam group and in 17% of the placebo group; 72% of the adinazolam group reported that they felt "moderately," "much," or "very much" improved compared with 17% of the placebo group. The adinazolam group reported significantly more drowsiness and lightheadedness, dizziness, or faintness; the severity of these side effects decreased with time. No significant anticholinergic effects were observed.
 ...
PMID:Adinazolam mesylate and placebo in depressed outpatients: a 6-week, double-blind comparison. 328 30

Depressive symptomatology in 481 subjects with panic disorder and phobic avoidance was studied as part of an investigation of the efficacy of alprazolam in panic disorder. Subjects who had a major depressive episode (MDE) before the onset of their panic disorder were not included in the trial. With this exclusion criterion, 31% of subjects had a secondary MDE occurring after the onset of the panic disorder. The occurrence of secondary MDE was related to the length of time subjects were ill with panic disorder. Compared with the subjects without depression, those subjects with current MDE had higher scores on measures of anxiety and depression but not on the number of panic attacks per week. The presence of depression and the degree of phobic avoidance contributed independently to measures of the severity of the panic illness. Alprazolam was effective in reducing panic and depressive symptomatology in both depressed and nondepressed subjects with panic disorder. The presence of an MDE was not predictive of the outcome of treatment for the panic and phobic symptoms. Subjects with or without depression responded similarly to alprazolam.
 ...
PMID:Secondary depression in panic disorder and agoraphobia. I. Frequency, severity, and response to treatment. 328 80


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>