Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An atypical depression, resembling beta-phenylethylamine (PEA) deficiency states, frequently complicates methadone withdrawal. We undertook a study of 24-h urinary free PEA excretion in steady-dosed and withdrawing methadone patients, hypothesizing that abstinent patients would excrete less PEA than controls and that methadone would show a dose-dependent effect on PEA turnover. As hepatic dysfunction, frequent in methadone patients, might affect PEA turnover, we also evaluated liver chemistries, [13C]aminopyrine excretion, 2-hydroxylation of estradiol, and 'blind', global severity ratings in each subject. PEA excretion did not significantly differ between eight fully detoxified methadone patients (median 4.76 micrograms/24 h) and seven normal controls (median 5.80 micrograms/24 h). Moreover, PEA excretion bore no relation to methadone dosage among 24 steady-dosed subjects. PEA excretion in seven withdrawing subjects each receiving 4-8 different doses of methadone similarly showed no relation to dose. Despite significant liver disease, several measures of impairment did not correlate with PEA excretion. These findings argue against a role for PEA deficiency in withdrawal depression.
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PMID:Depression during methadone withdrawal: no role for beta-phenylethylamine. 673 21

Detailed serial cardiovascular and respiratory physiologic studies were carried out in 80 patients with cirrhotic liver disease, including 45 cirrhotic patients who underwent portal decompressive surgery on an urgent or elective basis. In surgical cases, death could be predicted from the first postoperative day's pattern of response. Predictors of death were an increase in percent of pulmonary shunt due to a redistribution of the increased pulmonary blood flow, and a disproportionate fall in vascular tone, which permits an increased cardiac ejection fraction even when significant myocardial depression occurs. The etiology of the vascular tone defect seems related to the rise in levels of the false neurotransmitter octopamine, which are shown to increase as oxygen consumption falls in the patho-physiologic hyperdynamic B state, presumably due to a block in the oxidative metabolism of aromatic amino acids.
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PMID:Death after portal decompressive surgery. Physiologic state, metabolic adequacy, and the sequence of development of the physiologic determinants of survival. 679 23

Recent reports of cimetidine toxicity are summarized. Summaries of specific cases and categorized according to cardiovascular, central nervous system, dermatologic, endocrine, gastrointestinal, hematologic, or renal toxicity, or overdosage. Adverse reactions reported secondary to cimetidine during its investigational period and shortly after marketing were minimal. In several studies in which over 1200 patients were treated with cimetidine, the incidences of adverse clinical symptoms was no higher than in the nearly 500 placebo-treated patients. However, subsequent reports indicate that elderly patients, patients with impaired renal function, and patients with liver disease appear quite susceptible to mental confusion. Potentially serious hematologic depression, cardiac depression, and hypersensitivity-type hepatitis have also been reported. As a result of the reports of impotence and oligospermia, controlled trials evaluating the effect of cimetidine on fertility in young men are needed.
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PMID:Cimetidine: adverse reactions and acute toxicity. 701 Oct 6

There is little absolute data in the form of prospective studies in patients with specific illnesses who are on oral contraceptives (OCs). Consequently, the clinician must depend on well-founded empiric decisions in prescribing the pill for these patients. The basis for the decision should be a firm understanding of the pathophysiology and laboratory effects of OCs. This needs to be juxtaposed with an understanding of the efficacy and effects of the estrogen and progestational components of the birth control pill and their interactions with maintenance medications. Available evidence is reviewed for the following medical disorders: central nervous system disorders (depression, Wilson's disease, headaches, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and the eye); immunologic and connective tissue diseases; diseases of the endocrine system, the gastrointestinal system, the genitourinary system, the memopoietic system; and skin disorders. 7% of women on OCs have increased or newly reported depression. Whether these are primarily psychogenic or metabolically derived is yet to be definitively determined. Wilson's disease can be exacerbated by OCs because of increased plasma ceruloplasmin and increased absorption of copper from the gastrointestinal tract. Headaches can be either a vague or a specific symptom, such as migraines, but 1/3 of these patients will become worse on OCs. There is good evidence that the headaches are caused by falling estrogen levels. There is no good evidence that epilepsy, in general, becomes worse on OCs. OCs have relatively no effect on the longterm prognosis in multiple sclerosis. Increased corneal sensitivity has been observed with OC use, and this has usually presented an intolerance to the use of contact lenses. This is primarily the result of increased edema of the cornea and changing of its contour. By inference, OCs cause some basic universal changes in the immunologic system. OCs have been reported as a cause of a rare form of rheumatoid arthritis, but the Royal College reports a decrease in incidence of cell-mediated immunologic disease, specifically rheumatoid arthritis in its more familiar form. There is no evidence that OCs markedly influence thyroid disease, but they do markedly alter thyroid function testing. OCs do not produce a chronic addisonian state nor do they inhibit the ability of the adrenal-pituitary axis to respond to stress. OCs can be used in thyroid disease but with some caution in hypothyroid states. They should not be used in patients with Cushing's syndrome and are not recommended in patients with adenomas. In general, estrogen works as an irritant to the gastric mucosa, but there is no increase in peptic ulcer diseases associated with OC use, and the incidence of duodenal ulcer disease is decreased. The most striking liver disease seen with OCs is cholelithiasis. The incidence is increased 2-fold. OCs should not be prescribed for patients with chronic renal disease because of the vascular effects as well as the reported increased risk of urinary tract infection. The Royal College report has shown a decreased incidence of iron deficiency anemia in patients on OCs. Various skin changes have been reported in women using OCs. The most common of these is chloasma. In all the diseases studied thus far, the use of OCs has not precipitated a catastrophic change.
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PMID:The use of birth control pills in women with medical disorders. 702 14

59 patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease and with negative history of ear infection, noise exposure, head injury, use of streptomycin and without hereditary deafness underwent a basic audiologic examination. In all age groups we found a depression of the pure tone threshold on from 2,000 Hz and compared to a control group and to the norm curves (Spoor 1966). Following the Carhart-test and the acoustic facial reflex there were always signs of cochlear lesions. Fifty per cent of the alcoholics in the Carhart tone decay test showed a depression of the threshold between 10 and 30 dB. The concentration of vitamin A, RBP, beta-Carotin and zinc in the blood measured at the same time were diminished. Considering recent electron microscopic findings on the pattern of the inner ear of young rats following vitamin A deficit we suppose that the vitamin A deficit in the alcoholics leads to poor hearing.
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PMID:[Vitamin A concentration in plasma and ability to hear in patients with chronic alcoholic liver diseases]. 715 72

An outbreak of white liver disease in lambs in Western Australia is described. The disease affected 2- to 3-month-old lambs and was characterised by liver damage, severe ill-thrift, depression, serous ocular discharge, photosensitization, and a high mortality rate. Transient central nervous system signs occurred. A positive response to vitamin B12 therapy was demonstrated.
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PMID:White liver disease in lambs. 734 Jul 80

During the history taking and physical examination, several important diseases should be searched for before diagnosing essential hypertension. A critical investigation is repetitive abdominal auscultation for a bruit. In young patients with significant hypertension, coarctation of the aorta must be excluded by clinical examination. Investigations will especially be aimed at uncovering renal artery disease (relatively common) or a phaechromocytoma (relatively rare). The initial assessment must also diagnose associated diseases which will influence the type of therapy chose. Thus asthma and heart failure contraindicate beta-blockers, liver disease contraindicates methyldopa, severe depression contraindicates reserpine, methyldopa and beta-blockade, while diabetes or gout may be precipitated or aggravated by thiazide diuretics.
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PMID:Hypertension in general practice. Part I. Examination and investigation of a patient with hypertension. 744 97

A 2-year-old spayed female Siamese cat was presented with clinical liver disease characterized by anorexia; depression; elevations in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase; hyperbilirubinemia; and icterus. Liver biopsy diagnosed hepatocellular degeneration with marked centrilobular hepatocellular accumulation of rhodanine-positive brown granules. Subsequent postmortem examination revealed similar granular material in the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney and alveolar epithelium and macrophages in the lung. The liver and kidney copper concentrations were 4,074 and 792 ppm dry weight, respectively. Hepatic degeneration in this cat apparently was due to excessive accumulation of copper.
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PMID:Hepatopathy associated with excessive hepatic copper in a Siamese cat. 748 20

Alcohol misuse is common in the elderly, and the problem may be compounded by the body's reduced ability to metabolise ethanol and interactions with over-the-counter and prescription drugs. Older heavy drinkers are likely to present with mental health problems--anxiety, depression, dementia, confusion and sleep disturbance--or physical problems--gait disturbance, falls and liver disease. Alcohol use must be accurately assessed, and physical, neurological and mental state examinations performed. Treatment should be individualised, with the patient's needs being matched to the treatment options available.
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PMID:Alcohol-related health problems in the elderly. 771 99

Recent advances have been made in the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis, mainly with recombinant interferon (IFN) alpha. However, the present treatment of chronic viral hepatitis is not entirely satisfactory because the efficacy is inconstant and/or incomplete. In chronic hepatitis B IFN-alpha induces a sustained interruption of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, with a HBeAg to anti-HBe seroconversion in about 30% of patients. Patients most likely to respond are those with no immunosuppression, HBV infection acquired during adulthood or active liver disease with low HBV replication. Responders usually show a significant decrease in serum HBV DNA levels during the first 2 months of therapy, followed by a significant increase in the level of aminotransferases. New nucleoside analogues might be useful in combination with IFN-alpha in the treatment of those who do not respond to IFN therapy. In chronic hepatitis B-D, the rate of sustained response to IFN-alpha therapy is low. To be effective, IFN-alpha must be used at a high dosage (9-10 mega units) with a long duration (1 year). In chronic hepatitis C, IFN-alpha at a dosage of 3 mega units over 6 months, induces a sustained response in about 20% of patients. A higher dosage of IFN (5-10 mega units) and a longer duration of treatment increases the rate of sustained response but is associated with poor tolerance. Non-responders to a first course of IFN do not respond to a second course of treatment. In patients who respond but relapse after treatment, the rate of sustained response after a second course of IFN needs to be assessed. Ribavirin, which has a significant antiviral effect on hepatitis C virus, might be useful in combination with IFN-alpha. At the dosage (3-6 mega units) usually used, IFN-alpha is relatively well tolerated. In about 10% of the patients therapy is interrupted, mainly because of severe fatigue, thyroid dysfunction or depression.
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PMID:Treatment of chronic viral hepatitis. 794 57


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