Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Administration of a liver extract and the blood serum of adult intact mice and also of the blood serum of practically healthy persons to CBA X C57B1 hybrid mice produced a sharp depression of the mitotic activity of hepatocytes in the regenerating liver after its partial removal. The extract of the regenerating liver and the blood serum of the animals with the regenerating liver failed to depress mitoses in hepatocytes. The blood serum of man with the postnecrotic active cirrhosis of the liver not only failed to depress mitoses in the hepatocytes, but even caused an increase in their count. It is supposed that there was a reduction of the chalone concentration in the cirrhotic liver.
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PMID:[Liver chalones]. 13 84

The widespread use of ethyl alcohol suggests its potential importance in clinical medicine. There is no proven therapeutic effect in cardiac patients and its role as an etiologic factor in heart disease has been disputed over the years and attributed to coexistent malnutrition. The latter factor, however, has been dissociated from ethanol use in many patients with the cardiomyopathic form of heart failure. Major support for the role of ethanol as a toxic agent when used in large amounts for a prolonged period has been obtained in various species of animals, including the subhuman primate. Abnormalities include depression of ventricular function, and metabolic and morphologic changes that parallel the changes in humans with preclinical malfunction of the heart. While the mechanism of progression to heart failure or arrhythmias is not known, several factors may be associated. These include, particularly in males, the cumulative effects of ethanol alone or after intensified drinking episodes, simultaneous exposure to trace metals in excess, and occasional specific nutritional deficiency or superimposed infection. The low prevalence of clinical nutritional deficiency in patients with alcoholic cardiomyopathy and the infrequency of heart disease in patients with cirrhosis or neuropathy supports the view that the cardiac abnormality is commonly not dependent on malnutrition. Clinical data indicate that the cessation of alcohol intake may reverse the disease or interrupt its progression in many patients. However, the pathogenic process may continue unabated in some patients who become abstinent.
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PMID:The role of ethanol in cardiac disease. 32 69

The behaviour of LCAT was examined in acute viral hepatitis and post-hepatic cirrhosis. In the former case, the enzyme was also investigated during remissions. The influence of cholestasis on LCAT activity was evaluated. Depression was noted in cirrhosis and the acute stage of hepatitis, whereas enhanced values were observed during remissions. Depression of the enzyme by cholestasis is explained in a variety of ways.
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PMID:[The behavior of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) in acute viral hepatitis and post-hepatitis cirrhosis]. 44 Jun 18

The effect of flutamide, a potent nonsteroidal antiandrogen, on the metabolism of iv tracers of [3H]estradiol was studied in five patients with advanced prostate cancer. The drug produced no change in the percentage of the injected radioactivity recovered in urine or in the glucuronide or nonglucuronide conjugate fractions. Of the five individual metabolites that were quantitated, estrone, estradiol, and estriol were unaffected by flutamide, but the drug caused striking decreases in conversion of estradiol to 2-hydroxyestrone (4.0% vs. 7.4%) (P less than 0.005) and 2-methoxyestrone (1.1% vs. 2.6%; P less than 0.05); every one of the patients showed a marked fall in recovery of both of these compounds. This depression of the formation of 2-oxygenated metabolites is reminiscent of the findings in liver disease; the same abnormality occurs regularly in cirrhosis and frequently in extrahepatic biliary obstruction. Taken together with our previous studies of the effects of flutamide on testosterone and cortisol metabolism, this study demonstrates that flutamide produces multiple functional, reversible, cirrhosis-like disturbances of steroid metabolism. Because these disturbances are universal in the patients studied regardless of whether they had clinical responses to flutamide, we doubt that the steroid metabolic changes play a role in the therapeutic effect of the drug.
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PMID:Effect of flutamide on estradiol metabolism. 46 81

The behaviour of plasma cholesteryl esters has been investigated in patients with liver cirrhosis (so-called Laennec's cirrhosis). Both absolute and percentage values of esters containing di-, tri- and tetra-unsaturated fatty acids were decreased below the normal range; however, the various esters groups showed unequal decrement rates. These findings may be the result of a low lecithin: cholesterol-acyltransferase (LCAT) activity, due either to depression of the enzyme syntesis in the liver, or to inadequate substrate supply (possibly related with an impaired fatty acid production and lecithin synthesis). A decrease of all ester fractions, or a selective one, could also be induced by the releasing of abnormal hydrolases from damaged liver tissues.
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PMID:[Chromatographic fractionation of cholesterol esters in Morgagni's hepatic cirrhosis. Preliminary note]. 73 58

The lymphocyte delayed hypersensitivity response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and hepatitis B antigen (HBsAG) was evaluated by two in vitro tests-leucocyte migration inhibition and DNA synthesis. Patients convalescing from HBsAG-positive hepatits showed the presence of a state of cell-mediated immune responsiveness to the antigen. In Indian childhood cirrhosis, there was a failure of response to HBsAG and a slight but significant depression of reaction to PHA. It is suggested that the lack of immune reactivity to HBsAG, perhaps determined genetically, may be a significant factor in the evolution of cirrhosis in Indian children.
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PMID:Lymphocyte response to hepatitis B surface antigen. Findings in hepatitis and Indian childhood cirrhosis. 81 95

Nafcillin, a semisynthetic penicillin effective against penicillinase-producing staphylococci, is eliminated largely in man via the liver. This study assessed the effect of cirrhosis and extrahepatic biliary obstruction in man on the pharmacokinetics of nafcillin. The plasma clearance of nafcillin controls was 583 +/- 144.2 ml per min (mean +/- SD) and fell strikingly to 291 +/- 147.6 and 163 +/- 56.3 ml per min in patients with cirrhosis and extrahepatic obstruction, respectively (P less than 0.001). In the latter two groups nafcillin excreted in urine increased from about 30 to 50% of administered dose (P less than 0.02), suggesting that renal disease superimposed on hepatic disease would further decrease over-all nafcillin clearance. The depression of nafcillin clearance with hepatobiliary disease did not correlate with any conventional liver laboratory test. The initial volume of distribution of nafcillin (V1) was unaltered but at steady state (Vd()) there was a significant reduction in the distribution volume in the patients with liver disease. Accordingly, the impairment in drug elimination, as assessed by its clearance from plasma, was underestimated by the prolongation of the nafcillin elimination half-life (t1/2(beta)) which was 1.02 +/- 0.20 hr in controls, and 1.23 +/- 0.31 (P greater than 0.05) and 1.73 +/- 0.44 hr (P less than 0.03), respectively, in patients with cirrhosis and extrahepatic obstruction.
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PMID:Disposition of nafcillin in patients with cirrhosis and extrahepatic biliary obstruction. 91 79

Factor VII levels have been measured in 100 patients with liver disease following parenteral vitamin K1 therapy. There was good agreement between specific factor VII measurements and the one-stage prothrombin time apart from six patients with compensated cirrhosis in whom the prothrombin time was prolonged despite the presence of normal factor VII levels. A mean activity of 58% was found in patients with cirrhosis. Cirrhotic patients with features of hepatic decompensation had a significantly lower mean level of activity (40%) than the "contrast" patients with surgical obstruction of the major bile ducts (93%). Patients with chronic active liver disease had moderate depression of factor VII levels and those with non-cirrhotic liver damage had mean activities similar to the contrast group. Factor VII levels could not be correlated with BSP retention but there was a correlation with serum albumin concentration. It is concluded that the prothrombin time using Quick test with a standardized thromboplastin showing good sensitivity to factor VII, eg, the Manchester reagent (BCT), provides a reliable index of coagulability in chronic liver disease, and specific factor VII assays are not indicated.
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PMID:Factor VII as a marker of hepatocellular synthetic function in liver disease. 100 40

A case of upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage secondary to esophageal varices in a patient with Felty's syndrome prompted a review of the pathogenesis and treatment of this condition. Six previously reported cases of this association were found. The clinical picture is that of long-standing rheumatoid arthritis with severe articular and extraarticular manifestations including splenomegaly, depression of the blood elements, mild liver function abnormalities, portal hypertension without cirrhosis or portal vein obstruction, an elevated splenic blood flow, and a reduction in portal hypertension by simple splenectomy. The presence of portal hypertension with varices may be another indication of splenectomy in patients with Felty's syndrome.
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PMID:Esophageal varices in Felty's syndrome: A case report and review of the literature. 108 37

The constant failure to produce a liver cirrhosis that can be ascribed to alcohol in the rat promoted the present study in guinea-pigs. The animals were given 40 per cent of calories as ethanol during 8 months. However, no alcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis developed. Triglycerides and cholesterol increased in the liver and in serum. The persistance of liver triglyceride increase in spite of a rather low fat content of the diet is in contrast to experiences in the rat. A slight depression of coagulation factors II, VII, X and XI was observed in the ethanol-fed animals.
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PMID:Effects on lipids, coagulation factors and liver histology of long-term ethanol administration to guinea-pigs. 117 46


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