Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We prospectively evaluated the effect of interferon alfa-2a on subfoveal choroidal neovascularization. Eight patients with recurrent subfoveal choroidal neovascularization after surgical excision and 12 patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization without previous surgical excision received interferon alfa-2a (3.0 to 6.0 million U/m2 of body surface area), every other night for an average of 12 weeks. Mean follow-up was nine months. Visual acuity improved in two of 20 (10%), remained stable in seven of 20 (35%), and worsened in 11 of 20 (55%) patients. The fluorescein angiogram improved in two of 20 (10%), remained stable in three of 20 (15%), and deteriorated in 15 of 20 (75%) patients. All patients had side effects, which led to the discontinuation of therapy in five of 20 (25%) patients. Side effects included flulike symptoms, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, increased liver enzymes, alopecia, fever, nausea, and suicidal depression. Interferon alfa-2a failed to improve visual acuity or the fluorescein angiographic appearance of subfoveal neovascular membranes in 90% of cases and was associated with marked side effects. We discourage the widespread use of interferon alfa-2a in the treatment of choroidal neovascularization.
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PMID:Interferon alfa-2a in the treatment of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization. 768 42

A total of 44 women with advanced breast cancer who had failed first- and second-line chemotherapy were given combination chemotherapy consisting of folinic acid (FA), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin C (MMC). The treatment schedule was: 200 mg/m2 FA and 400 mg/m2 5-FU given i.v. over 2 h for 5 days plus 5 mg/m2 MMC given i.v. on days 3-5; in 19 patients with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 3-4 and bone marrow depression, the MMC dose was 3 mg/m2 given i.v. on days 3-5. In all, 41 patients were evaluable for response; 15 had a partial remission (PR), 18 had stable disease (SD), and 8 showed progressive disease (PD). The median response duration was 6 months and the median survival was 10 months. Toxicity was mild and consisted mainly of stomatitis, diarrhea, and leukopenia. A rapid improvement in performance status was noted in responding patients. A striking result was the reduction of analgesics in most cases and their complete withdrawal in responding patients. This combination chemotherapy achieved satisfactory effectiveness and improved the quality of life of patients.
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PMID:Advanced breast cancer treatment with folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, and mitomycin C. 768 33

Abnormalities of the immune response can be secondary to old age, to several pathologic conditions (i.e. diabetes mellitus, renal failure, solid and lymphohematologic neoplasias, leukopenia, malnutrition, autoimmune diseases, AIDS), to surgical stress or to burns, and to immunosuppressive therapies, both medical (corticosteroids, cytotoxic agents, antilymphocytic globulins) and surgical (splenectomy) as well as radiant (extensive radiotherapy). Old age can affect both humoral (reduced antibody synthesis) and cell-mediated (thymus involution, diminished ratio Th/Ts, depression of both delayed hypersensitivity reactions and cytotoxic activity of K cells) immune response. Hyponutrition, often observed in the elderly, adds a reduced production of secretory IgA, lysozyme and interferon, diminished complementary activity, phagocytosis defects, and vitamin deficits. Furthermore, in some chronic diseases we can observe reduced primary antibody response or depression of delayed hypersensitivity reactions (renal failure, neoplasias), changes in leukocyte functions (diabetes mellitus, leukemias and lymphomas) and, in particular in solid neoplasias, increased activity of Ts lymphocytes and the presence of circulating immunocomplexes. Changes in phagocytosis, opsonization and chemotaxis are typically seen in burns, whereas surgical stress can cause some inhibition of cell-mediated immunity. Finally, after splenectomy it is possible to observe an increased synthesis of IgA and IgG and, on the contrary, reduced production of IgM and properdin.
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PMID:[Pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for producing a secondary immunodeficiency state]. 786 Dec 9

Cytauxzoonosis is a rapidly and highly fatal disease in cats that is caused by the protozoan Cytauxzoon felis, which may be transmitted by Ixodid ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) from parasitemic bobcats (Lynx rufus). During an 8-year period, cytauxzoonosis was diagnosed in 8 cats, 7 cats within 14 months. Risk factors for these cats were warm weather, access to a wooded environment, and exposure to ticks. The most consistent clinical signs were acute lethargy, anorexia, decreased response to external stimuli (depression), icterus, dehydration, and capillary refill time > 2 seconds. Pertinent clinicopathologic findings were normocytic normochromic anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia; high serum concentrations of total bilirubin and glucose, low serum concentrations of albumin and potassium, high serum alanine transaminase activity; and, bilirubinuria. Confirmation of cytauxzoonosis was made by cytologic or histologic identification of the C felis organism. Splenic, lymph node, and bone marrow aspirates can provide an antemortem diagnosis when the number of parasitized erythrocytes is low on blood smears. Supportive treatment of 6 cats was temporarily palliative in some, but all 8 cats either died (3) or were euthanatized (5) when they became moribund. Survival time from observed onset of illness to death was < 5 days. Necropsy of 4 cats revealed predominately pulmonary involvement with venous congestion. Histologic examination revealed venous occlusion by parasitized mononuclear phagocytes in all tissue specimens, but only minimal inflammatory infiltrates.
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PMID:Cytauxzoonosis in cats: eight cases (1985-1992). 796 Oct 73

Macrophages are invariably present in the intraocular membranes of patients with traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). There are two sources from which these macrophages could be recruited: adjacent tissues and the systemic circulation. In the study described herein, the role of circulating white blood cells and monocytes in experimental, traumatic PVR was studied. The circulating white blood cells of 20 rabbits were depleted by intravenous injection of strontium-89. Posterior perforating eye injury with subsequent intravitreal injection of autologous whole blood or autologous activated macrophages was then performed on these leukopenic animals. The experiments demonstrated that severe bone marrow depression reduced significantly the incidence of retinal detachments in eyes receiving whole blood, and reduced the severity of retinal detachments in eyes injected with activated macrophages. An association between the degree of leukopenia, monocytopenia, and protection from retinal detachment was demonstrated. These results support the hypothesis that macrophage infiltration is an important component of intraocular cellular proliferation, but does not exclude the role of other types of white blood cells in the pathogenesis of PVR.
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PMID:Effect of leukopenia on experimental post-traumatic retinal detachment. 815 20

Results from this study show that a combination of heme and interleukin-1 (IL-1) treatment resulted in the most improved recovery of hematopoietic-stromal regeneration after sublethal irradiation. Less pronounced effects were obtained when heme or IL-1 were given singly. Sublethal irradiation of mice produced an initial (as early as day 1) intense depression of the hematopoietic system as evidenced by leukopenia. In vivo treatment of animals with heme in combination with IL-1, accelerated hematopoietic and stromal regeneration as determined by hematopoietic spleen colony forming unit assay (CFU-S), erythroid (BFU-E), myeloid (CFU-GM) clonal cultures, long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC), and the ability to regenerate hematopoiesis by ectopic (renal) stromal hemopoietic transplantation. Sixteen days after irradiation, leukocyte levels in heme and IL-1 treatment groups were higher than non-treated animals and were near normal values by 27 days. One day after irradiation, the capacity of stromal progenitors to form new bone and hematopoietic cells (ectopic foci) was severely impaired, but recovered after 2-4 weeks. This recovery process was accelerated in heme and IL-1-treated animals. BFU-E, CFU-GM, and CFU-S capacity was also severely impaired in all animals 1-27 days after irradiation. CFU-S was only 0.15% of control by day 1 and 5% of control by day 16. Treatment with heme or IL-1 improved recovery by as much as 70% after 27 days of irradiation. A similar but enhanced recovery was seen for BFU-E and CFU-GM, with erythroid recovery the best. Total cellularity, adherent cell layer (ACL) formation, and clonogenic capacity by LTBMCs (10 weeks) derived from irradiated animals was severely reduced, whereas the hematopoietic capacity by LTBMCs derived from heme- and IL-1-treated animals had recovery values similar to non-irradiated controls. These results suggest therapeutic use of heme and IL-1 after chemotherapy or bone marrow depression may be beneficial.
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PMID:Synergistic effect of heme and IL-1 on hematopoietic stromal regeneration after radiation. 821 66

Acute haematological toxicity induced by cis-diammine-1,1-cyclobutane dicarboxylate platinum (II) (carboplatin) and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cisplatin) in combination with whole body hyperthermia (WBH) (2 h at 41.5 degrees C) was examined using a F344 rat model. The thermal enhancement ratios (TERs) of drug-mediated thrombocytopenia, anaemia and leukopenia were determined from the dose-response curves of the nadir values of the peripheral platelet, RBC and WBC counts. Carboplatin produced profound depression of platelet counts which was over three-fold greater than cisplatin (14% vs 51% of the control), while the decrease in WBC and RBC counts induced by carboplatin did not differ significantly from those observed with cisplatin. These carboplatin or cisplatin-mediated haematological toxicities were significantly enhanced by WBH. The depth of decrease in platelet, RBC and WBC counts induced by the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of carboplatin (30 mg kg-1) combined with WBH was identical to that induced by the MTD of carboplatin (70 mg kg-1) alone. The TERs of carboplatin-mediated thrombocytopenia, anaemia and leukopenia were 2.0, 2.8 and 1.9, respectively. The thermal enhancement of cisplatin mediated haematological toxicity was similar to that of carboplatin, with TERs of 1.8 for thrombocytopenia, 2.4 for anaemia and 1.9 for leukopenia. These data, demonstrating thermal enhancement of cisplatin or carboplatin-mediated haematological toxicity, must be taken into account in the clinical application of the combination therapy of platinum and WBH.
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PMID:Haematological toxicity of carboplatin and cisplatin combined with whole body hyperthermia in rats. 835 37

Equine ehrlichiosis is a seasonal disease of horses first reported in 1969. Clinical signs in horses include high fever, depression, partial hypophagia, anorexia, limb edema, petechiation, icterus, ataxia, and reluctance to move. Hematologic changes include leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, icterus, anemia, and inclusion bodies, principally in neutrophils and occasionally in eosinophils. Diagnosis is made by clinical signs and observing characteristic morulae in a blood smear with standard Wright's stain. Mortality is low unless secondary infection develops or injury occurs as a result of incoordination. Treatment with tetracycline produces prompt defervescence of fever and gradual improvement of clinical signs.
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PMID:Equine ehrlichiosis. 835 54

Equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis (EGE) has been observed in the U.S.A., Brazil, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland and possibly in Great Britain. The causative agent is rickettsia Ehrlichia equi, identified for the first time in 1969. The clinical features of the disease are anorexia, fever, depression, (limb) oedema, icterus, ataxia, petechiae and orchitis. Hematologic changes are leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the neutrophils and eosinophils. Vasculitis may be observed at autopsy. Following a positive hematological diagnosis (Giemsa stained blood smear) of EGE, treatment with oxytetracycline can be initiated.
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PMID:[Equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis (EGE), a review]. 838 99

A sixteen-year old pregnant Dutch Warmblood mare was referred to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine because of sluggishness since eight days. The main clinical features were depression, pale mucous membranes with petechiae, ventral oedema and fever. Haematological evaluation revealed severe anaemia (haematocrit 0.15 L.L.-1) and leukopenia (2.3 G.L-1 with 96% lymphocytes). There was no thrombocytopenia. The horse died following a hospitalisation period of six days. At necropsy a (multicentric) lymphosarcoma was found in the bone marrow with neoplastic infiltration of the kidneys.
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PMID:[Lymphosarcoma in a horse]. 848 80


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