Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A quantitative, noninvasive method of assessing autonomic control, based on the spectral analysis of beat-to-beat fluctuations in heart rate (HR), was applied to patients with chronic renal failure (RF). Since the power spectrum of HR fluctuations measures the dynamic nervous control of HR, it can be used to quantitate a normal control system as opposed to a disturbed or depressed system. Indeed, in RF patients, a strong reduction in the HR power spectrum was observed in all frequency ranges, both sympathetically and parasympathetically mediated. A similar depression in autonomic control was demonstrated in patients on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. RF patients not yet undergoing dialysis show a lesser degree of depression. Spectral analysis of HR fluctuations in RF patients makes it possible to quantitate autonomic dysfunction and to reliably measure its development as a function of time, and requires only a 10-min standard electrocardiogram recording.
 ...
PMID:Spectral analysis of fluctuations in heart rate: an objective evaluation of autonomic nervous control in chronic renal failure. 357 69

The authors examine the relationship between psychosocial factors and factors and survival of patients with chronic renal failure, while considering simultaneously the influence of parameters of physiologic functioning. Psychosocial and physiologic variables selected for discriminant analysis were extracted from data on 285 home-dialysis patients in Ontario, Canada. This analytical procedure defined which variables best discriminated between the survivor and nonsurvivor groups. The findings suggest that demographic and psychosocial factors may be more important than physiologic variables in determination of survival on home dialysis. The severity and type of depression is of particular importance to outcome.
 ...
PMID:The relationship of depression to survival in chronic renal failure. 370 89

Infection often complicates renal failure and frequently causes death, but the association between renal failure, impaired immunity and infection has not been proved. A recent study showed that patients on dialysis did not show an expected leucocytic response to infection, suggesting that the blunted response was evidence of the immunocompromised state of the uraemic patient. In this study, the relationship between leucocytic responses and infectious challenge was investigated in an animal model of chronic renal failure. Bacteraemia, peritonitis and a chronic lung infection were induced in normal and uraemic rats; the leucocytic response was then monitored. In all three infections, the total white blood cell response was significantly less in the uraemic animals. Neutrophil numbers actually increased, but this response was disguised by a pronounced depression in lymphocyte numbers. Our conclusion is that, although the leucocytic response of the uraemic host to infection may be depressed, the changes to individual leucocyte components in the peripheral blood are sufficiently characteristic to provide useful evidence of infection.
 ...
PMID:Host immune status in uraemia. VI. Leucocytic response to bacterial infection in chronic renal failure. 388 87

One hundred micrograms of ovine-corticotropin releasing factor (o-CRF) was administered intravenously to eight unmedicated patients with severe endogenous depression. Responses of immunoreactive (ir)-ACTH and the adrenal glucocorticosteroids corticosterone (B), 11-deoxycortisol (S), cortisol (F) and cortisone (E) were measured and compared with those following synthetic corticotropin stimulation and dexamethasone suppression. A comparative evaluation of the three pituitary--adrenal function tests suggests that hypersecretion of ir-ACTH and adrenal corticosteroids (B, S, F, and E) in depression reflects a central dysfunction rather than an altered responsiveness of the pituitary or adrenal glands. The data illustrate that the o-CRF paradigm is a valuable instrument to further support the hypothesis that a limbic--hypothalamic overdrive is the basic mechanism underlying exaggerated adrenocortical output in the endogenous subgroup of depressed patients.
 ...
PMID:ACTH and multisteroid responses to corticotropin-releasing factor in depressive illness: relationship to multisteroid responses after ACTH stimulation and dexamethasone suppression. 608 43

Suppression of 11-hydroxycorticosteroids (11-OHCS) release with dexamethasone (0.5 mg) has been investigated in 52 patients with endogenous depression and also in normals and in patients with other mental diseases. The suppression was considerably less in depressives (-19 +/- 5%) than in control groups (approx. -60%). The dexamethasone test indices were normalized during remission. The elucidate mechanisms of the dexamethasone inhibiting effect, the influence of tryptophan, DOPA and benzodiazepines on the 11-OHCS level and the degree of its suppression with dexamethasone have been studied. The data indicate a dual effect of serotonin on the regulation of the adrenal function: it stimulates CRF secretion and increases the inhibiting effect of corticosteroids on CRF release. It is suggested that during depression the negative feedback is disturbed in the system - brain monoamines-glucocorticoids. The possible role of this impairment in depression pathogenesis is considered.
 ...
PMID:Resistance to inhibiting effect of dexamethasone in patients with endogenous depression. 610 28

Experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that growth depression and azotemia in chronic renal failure can be minimized by providing a nutritional formula that is adequate is essential nutrients but minimizes urinary excretion of all solutes. Unrestrained rats were fed exclusively by continuous intragastric infusion with a mixture containing sucrose, essential amino acids, N-free analogues thereof, minerals, corn oil, and vitamins, designed to minimize urinary solute excretion while permitting growth. After 5 days, renal excretory function was reduced to 1/10 by reinfusing 90% of each day's urinary output intragastrically for the next 3 wk. Weight gain (3.6 +/- 0.1 g/day), linear growth and carcass N accretion were the same as in nonreinfused rats receiving substantially the same formula by intragastric catheter. Except for sight acidosis (CO2 18.5 mM) accumulation of electrolytes did not occur. Average final serum urea N was only 42.5 +/- 7.1 mg/dl. The results are considered as supporting the hypothesis.
 ...
PMID:Growth of rats with severe renal insufficiency fed a formula designed to minimize urinary solutes. 640 12

A nutritional support team was used in the assessment and management of patients on a general urological service. Indications for nutritional evaluation included history of weight loss, anorexia, significant infection, chronic neoplastic disease, trauma or major surgery. The fat and protein status of the patient was assessed by anthropomorphic and laboratory determinations. The patient then was categorized as having mild, moderate or severe degrees of nutritional depletion. Deficiencies in vitamins, trace elements or essential fatty acids were not noted. Caloric and protein needs were calculated by multiplication of the basal energy expenditure by a metabolic activity factor, which was derived from the degree of illness or stress. Nutritional support was provided by enteral feedings via oral, nasogastric or jejunal feeding tubes and/or intravenous hyperalimentation via peripheral or central venous nutrient lines. During a 6-month interval nutritional consultation was requested for 50 patients, who represented 7 per cent of the urological admissions. Nutritional support was provided for patients who had obstructive uropathy with or without neoplasms, radiation cystitis, sepsis, urinary fistulas, mental depression, end stage renal disease or neurological dysfunction. In patients in whom urological treatment controlled the disease nutritional support maintained the weight, and stabilized serum albumin and lymphocyte counts. We concluded that a nutritional support program has a significant and, often, unappreciated role in the management of urological patients.
 ...
PMID:Nutritional support in a general urological service. 642 56

Fourteen of 174 patients receiving maintenance dialysis volunteered to participate in a 12-week exercise conditioning program. Seven patients attended more than 50% (range, 55 to 75%) of the sessions held three times each week. These seven patients achieved a 42% (P less than 0.05) improvement in work capacity as assessed by maximal oxygen consumption during treadmill testing. No changes occurred in psychologic functioning, blood pressure control, hematocrit, or left ventricular ejection fraction. Seven patients attended fewer than half of the sessions (range, 1 to 38%) and did not demonstrate improved exercise capacity. Psychologic testing at entry revealed that those who did not attend regularly had higher scores for hostility, anxiety, and depression as compared to those patients who completed the program. No other clinical variables distinguished those who had good attendance records from those who did not. We conclude that exercise conditioning can improve physical work capacity in patients with chronic renal failure who are receiving maintenance dialysis treatment. Despite this potential benefit, the impact of exercise conditioning programs such as this may be limited because only a small portion of patients on maintenance dialysis are able or willing to participate to an extent sufficient to induce physiological changes.
 ...
PMID:Feasibility and benefits of exercise training in patients on maintenance dialysis. 647 76

To examine the role of vitamin D in human phosphate absorption, we studied patients with chronic renal disease on hemodialysis, before and after correction of vitamin D deficiency. Thirty-centimeter segments of jejunum were perfused with test solutions containing varying concentrations of phosphate; phosphate absorption rate and electrical potential difference were measured. The data reveal that dialysis patients have depressed phosphate absorption, but the degree of this depression is modest, compared to the extent of their depressed calcium absorption. Therapy with 1,25-(OH)2D3 for 1 wk restored phosphate absorption rate to near normal. With or without 1,25-(OH)2D3 therapy, phosphate absorption was not influenced by calcium in the perfused test solutions. Examination of kinetic data suggests that the vitamin D deficiency of chronic renal failure causes a reduction by half in the rate of active phosphate absorption. By contrast, our data suggest that vitamin D deficiency does not alter passive phosphate absorption. By aspirating jejunal contents after ingestion of different foods, with and without aluminum hydroxide, the physiologic luminal phosphate concentration was found to vary between 0.7 and 12.2 mM. At the lower end of this range, phosphate absorption would be mediated entirely by active transport; at the higher phosphate concentrations, phosphate absorption would be mainly mediated by passive transport.
 ...
PMID:Absorption of phosphate in the jejunum of patients with chronic renal failure before and after correction of vitamin D deficiency. 668 2

In 48 patients a significantly elevated plasma digoxin concentration (2.5 micrograms/l or more) correlated with the clinical symptoms and the electrocardiogram. The rhythm and conduction disturbances as well as the corrected Q-T interval and the P-T-Q index in the electrocardiogram were analyzed. In 23 patients rhythm and conduction disturbances were found. The clinical symptoms of digoxin overdose were found in 23 patients. There was no significant relationship between the corrected Q-T interval in the electrocardiogram and digoxin concentrations (r = 0.19); P-T-Q index and plasma digoxin concentrations were found to have similar values (r = 0.27), as did prolonged P-Q interval and plasma digoxin concentrations (r = 0.32). A total of 17 of 48 patients had had chronic renal failure. An S-T segment depression mostly of decreasing type was found in the whole group, suggesting that this sign was more reliable as an indicator of digitalis effect than corrected Q-T interval, P-T-Q index, or prolonged P-R interval.
 ...
PMID:Electrocardiogram and high plasma digoxin concentration. 669 60


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>