Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of chronic (14 day) intracerebroventricular infusion of various amounts of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (oCRF) on the circadian blood corticosterone rhythm in male rats were examined. Control (saline-infused) rats showed distinct blood corticosterone rhythms over 48 h with nadirs at 0900 h and peaks at 2100 h on days 6-7 and 13-14. oCRF at 3 pmol/h did not affect the circadian corticosterone rhythm on these days. When oCRF was infused at a rate of 12 pmol/h, blood corticosterone was increased throughout the 48 h periods. A significant circadian rhythm remained at days 6-7, but continuous infusion for an additional 7 days disrupted the rhythm. Higher doses of oCRF (48 and 240 pmol/h) obliterated the rhythm during both periods; the disruption was characterized by an increase in corticosterone during the lights-on period without a substantial change in the evening maximum. Thus, the blood corticosterone concentration was eventually confined within a narrow range, not exceeding the normal circadian peak, over a wide dose range of centrally administered CRF. Significant effects of oCRF on body and adrenal weight were observed only at the two highest doses used. These findings may provide some insight into the state of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in animals exposed to chronic stress and in patients with depression.
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PMID:Effect of chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of corticotropin-releasing factor on circadian corticosterone rhythm in the rat. 238 47

Continuous, non-invasive measurement of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) during haemodialysis was performed in 18 patients with chronic renal failure. They were dialyzed three times for 2 1/2-3 1/2 h weekly using a capillary polysulfone (F60) or a cuprophane (D2) filter. The total number of O2 saturation curves analyzed was 48. The whole group showed a significant mean decline in SaO2 by 1.9% as compared with predialysis values. In 7 patients with three or more recordings, the significant mean decline in SaO2 was 1.5-4.2% and occurred within 15-60 min after onset of haemodialysis. Evaluation of SaO2 during episodes of severe depression of blood pressure was not possible due to loss of the signal as a consequence of peripheral vasoconstriction. Changes in SaO2 which occurred without any clinical signs or symptoms included very short episodes of depression of SaO2 by 3-22%; a decrease in SaO2 by 3-6% occurring towards the end of the treatment and followed by depressed values for a period of 20-60 min; episodes of marked instability of SaO2 values with differences of up to 10%, lasting 20-60 min and occurring towards the end of the treatment. Application of cuprophane instead of polysulfone filter membranes, first use and reuse of dialyzers, and microemboli blood filters were not found to influence the changes in SaO2. There was a significant difference in the initial decrease in SaO2 during acetate as compared with bicarbonate dialysis.
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PMID:Continuous pulse-oxymetry during haemodialysis. 239 88

Antibody responses against pneumococcal capsular antigens and tetanus toxoid were measured in 14 patients with chronic renal failure who were managed by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) or haemodialysis (HD) and in eight healthy controls. IgG antipneumococcal responses were predominantly of the IgG2 and to a lesser extent IgG1 subclasses, while the IgG response against tetanus toxoid was largely IgG1 with smaller amounts of IgG4 and IgG3. The post-immunisation serum levels of IgG1 and IgM antibody against both antigens were significantly reduced in the uraemic patients compared with controls (P less than 0.05). All the uraemic patients had normal levels of IgG, IgA and IgM in the serum, but elevated levels of IgG3 prior to immunisation. The mechanisms responsible for the asymmetric depression of antibody responses in uraemia are unclear and may account in part for the increased susceptibility to infection in these patients.
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PMID:T-cell-independent and T-cell-dependent antibody responses in patients with chronic renal failure. 249 80

Thirty two cases of chronic renal failure with Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) hospitalized from November, 1984 to July, 1986 were investigated by interview, Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Symptom Check List (SCL-90). Results revealed that the occurrence of depression among dialyzed patients was 56.3%, i.e. 18 patients with high total score of HAMD belonged to organic affective syndrome defined by DSM-III. Causes of developing depression during CAPD were evaluated and analyzed. Authors consider that depression should be viewed as interaction of genetic, psychosocial and neurobiological variables.
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PMID:[Depressive state complicated with chronic renal failure treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis]. 259 Dec 71

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with an increased incidence of psychological distress. The present research examined the salutary effects of a supportive family environment on the psychological well-being of ESRD patients receiving renal transplants. Patients (N = 57) completed a measure of perceived family support and an assessment of the physical impact of their illness. Psychological well-being was assessed utilizing two measures of depression and two measures of anxiety. One group of patients was classified as experiencing high illness-related physical dysfunction. In this group, patients perceiving a less supportive family environment displayed significantly higher levels of psychological symptoms of depression and anxiety than patients with a more supportive family environment. A second group of patients was classified as experiencing low illness-related physical dysfunction. In this group, the perceived level of family support was not significantly related to their relatively lower reported levels of depression and anxiety.
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PMID:Perceived family support as a moderator psychological well-being in end-stage renal disease. 263 2

A subchronic toxicity study of calcium lactate was carried out in male and female F344 rats to estimate the maximum tolerated dose for a subsequent long-term toxicity/carcinogenicity study. Experiment I: Rats were divided into 6 groups, each consisting of 5 males and 5 females. Calcium lactate was dissolved in water at concentrations of 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.6, 0.3 and 0%, each animal group was given one of these solutions as the drinking water for 13 wk. In all groups, basic diet (CRF-1) was given ad libitum. No fatalities occurred. In all treated groups, including the 5% group, a less than 10% depression of body-weight gain as compared with the control group was observed. Some parameters in the hematological and biochemical data demonstrated change in the treated groups. On histological examination, however, no severe toxicological findings were found in any of the treated groups. Experiment II: Rats were fed synthetic diet B, containing 30, 20, 10, 5 or 0% calcium lactate. In the highest dose group, body weight-gain was strongly reduced as compared with the control group. Histological examination revealed nephrocalcinosis in all groups, including the control group, and adverse dose-effect relation was observed with regard to degree of its development. Females exhibited this lesion to a greater extent than males. Experiment III: Rats were given CRF-1 or synthetic diet B for 8 wk. Nephrocalcinosis was found only in the group given synthetic diet. It was ascertained that the nephrocalcinosis observed in Exp. II and III was dependent on the low Ca/P ratio (Ca/P: less than 1) of the synthetic diet B.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Subchronic oral toxicity study of calcium lactate in F344 rats]. 263 38

This presentation comprises: a) the study of psychosocial problems in children with chronic disease (1980-83); b) application and results of a "pluridimensional approach" model, designed to solve these conflicts (1982-88). Thirty-five children with end stage renal disease (ESRD) and 34 families were studied, as well as the members of the professional team. The methods of study were: conducted observations, projective tests, recording and analysis of psychotherapy (individual and familiar) and Balint sessions. The data were analized in the framework of psychoanalysis, theory of the systems and groups, etc. The results showed: depression, anguish and regression, interfering with rehabilitation, in the group of children. The problems worsening with greater length of the dialysis periods and with younger age of the patients. Poverty increases losses and guilty feelings decreasing the defensive and adaptive mechanisms. In the families, ESRD provoked migration, fragmentation, dynamic and structural dysfunctions and several inter and intrapersonal conflicts. In the professional team, tension, anxiety, compulsive and indiscriminate conducts were detected, as well as a great difficulty to communicate with the patients and their families. In an attempt to decrease these conflicts a pluridimensional approach was designed and applied in the patients, families and members of the professional team, with the aim of interrupt the pathologic interaction patterns and change them in therapeutic. This model included the practice of several independent and simultaneous psychological interventions, ergotherapy, recreative and occupational activities with the patients; group sessions for information, diagnostic interviews and psychotherapy with the families and Balint sessions with the professional team.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Psychosocial problems of children with chronic disease]. 275 79

We used mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) as an assay to evaluate in vitro the cellular immune functions of children with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) or with chronic renal failure (CRF). The proliferative response of lymphocytes from both groups of patients was significantly reduced as compared to the response of control individuals. In addition, the proliferative response of CRF patients treated with hemodialysis was significantly lower than the response of continuous ambulatorial peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. These data confirm that a marked depression of the cellular immune response is detectable in a pediatric population, as predicted from data from the literature on the adult renal failure population.
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PMID:In vitro evidence for impaired cellular immune responsiveness in children with chronic renal failure. 278 64

Serum calcitriol and the free calcitriol index together with factors considered to regulate calcitriol production were measured in eleven patients with moderate chronic renal failure (MCRF) and eleven age- and sex-matched normal subjects. Although the serum dialysable calcium levels were similar in the two groups, there was depression of calcitriol levels and an elevation of PTH and nephrogenous cyclic AMP (NcAMP) levels in the MCRF patients. Furthermore, plasma phosphate levels were higher and the renal phosphate threshold was depressed in this patient group. When all subjects were grouped together calcitriol was positively correlated with GFR. When calcitriol levels were factored for GFR, to permit an assessment of calcitriol production per unit functioning renal mass, there was no significant difference between normal and MCRF subjects. To determine whether reserve for calcitriol production existed, six of the MCRF patients and six of the age- and sex-matched normal subjects received a low calcium diet for one week supplemented by cellulose phosphate to bind calcium within the gut. In both groups there was a significant rise in calcitriol, although the absolute levels were much lower in the MCRF patients than the normal subjects. These results suggest that calcitriol deficiency is a major feature of MCRF despite marked hyperparathyroidism. The rise in calcitriol levels in MCRF suggests persistent reserve secretory capacity in this condition. Therefore, the low serum calcitriol concentration may be due not only to structural renal damage, but also to suppression of calcitriol formation perhaps due to altered renal phosphate handling.
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PMID:Calcitriol deficiency with retained synthetic reserve in chronic renal failure. 283 40

Neuropeptides represent a new class of compounds with important implications for the understanding of the mechanisms and treatment of epileptic disorders. Several systems of peptide modulators--in particular the opioid-like peptides, vasopressin, somatostatin, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and ACTH--have partially demonstrated endogenous roles in some forms of epilepsy. Seizures and stressful situations may release endogenous opioid peptides and mediate postictal depression and postictal seizure refractoriness. Vasopressin is believed to increase susceptibility to convulsions and may be involved in the pathogenesis of febrile convulsions. Derangements in TRH regulation may lower thresholds for seizure expression by regulating arousal systems; however, some TRH analogs have proven to be effective anticonvulsants. Long-term alterations in somatostatin regulation could be components of focal epilepsies. ACTH is particularly useful in the treatment of infantile spasms. Pharmacological effects of these and other peptides have potentials for defining new classes of anticonvulsants. Cholecystokinin (CCK) and its analogs, the opioid peptides beta-endorphin and FK33824, TRH analogs, and several dipeptides exhibit potent anticonvulsant properties in chemical, electroshock, and genetic model screens. Convulsant actions of CRF, somatostatin, TRH, vasopressin, and high doses of endorphin or enkephalins may provide new tools to study regulatory mechanisms of cerebral excitability. The enkephalin epileptogenic effect is being developed as a predictive tool for new anti-petit mal anticonvulsants. Advances in molecular biology have identified the genes of particular peptide families. A concept has developed that the large propeptide precursors, coded by these genes, whose processing leads to functional peptide formation and release, regulate peptidergic humoral responses to external stimuli. This idea may have particular application in the understanding of the genetic basis of some seizure states. Techniques for amplification of mRNA expression have identified specific neuronal proteins and peptides. Knowledge of protein and propeptide structural cleavage sites has suggested previously unknown candidates for modular systems in epileptic states. Technological advances in automated peptide sequencing and synthesis have allowed the development of metabolically resistant analogs and antagonist peptides. The anticonvulsant potencies of CCK, TRH, and opioid peptides have been defined more clearly with these methods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Neuropeptides: anticonvulsant and convulsant mechanisms in epileptic model systems and in humans. 287 23


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