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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present investigation was designed to study the effect of anger on colon motor and myoelectric activity in irritable bowel syndrome. Patients with irritable bowel syndrome were compared with normal controls during resting and two anger stressors: criticism of performance on an intelligence test and during a delay of assistance for a diagnostic procedure. At rest patients with irritable bowel syndrome had higher motor and spike potential activity than normal subjects; however, the difference was only significant for spike activity. Anger significantly increased colon motor and spike potential activity in the groups compared with the resting state. Patients with irritable bowel syndrome produced significantly higher motor and spike potential activity when angered. They also reported themselves to be more hostile and appeared angrier than normal controls after the study. However, they did not report themselves to be more anxious or depressed, suggesting that the observed changes in colonic function of both groups were due to anger. Patients with irritable bowel syndrome scored significantly higher than controls on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scales of hypochondriasis, hysteria, and depression, but these personality factors did not significantly influence their anger level before the study. The results are discussed in terms of the role of learning in the colon and the abnormal reinforcement of bowel behavior in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
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PMID:Effect of anger on colon motor and myoelectric activity in irritable bowel syndrome. 335 Feb 84

This paper reports studies of patients with the following disorders: peptic ulcer, hypertension, bronchial asthma, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), ulcerative colitis (UC), urticaria, psoriasis and alopecia. The investigations focused on dysthymic states, measured by Foulds' Scale of Anxiety and Depression (SAD) and--except for the first three disorders--the Present State Examination (PSE). On the SAD, all the above groups scored significantly higher than somatically ill controls in anxiety, and all except ulcer patients scored significantly higher in depression. The PSE designated more than half of these patients as cases, except in the psoriasis group. Most patients were assigned to the PSE syndromes of anxiety states or neurotic depression, with the former being more common in UC and urticaria, and the latter more common in IBS, alopecia and rheumatoid arthritis. The variation within skin diseases and within gastrointestinal diseases suggests that neurotic symptoms are typical of each disease rather than of the system involved in the disturbance.
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PMID:Dysthymic states and depressive syndromes in physical conditions of presumably psychogenic origin. 343 24

Antidepressant treatment trials of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have suggested beneficial effects. Twenty-eight patients with the disorder (9 constipation-predominant, 19 diarrhea-predominant) completed a double-blind crossover study using desipramine, atropine, and placebo in random sequence. A four-week observation period preceded three six-week test periods. Bowel habits, abdominal distress, and affect were reported daily and in biweekly evaluations. Psychological assessments and rectosigmoid contractile studies were done in each period. Stool frequency, diarrhea, abdominal pain, depression, and slow contractions decreased significantly more in diarrhea-predominant patients during desipramine compared with placebo and atropine treatments. Diarrhea-prone patients' depression scores fell more in all periods than constipation-prone patients. Fifteen patients (13 diarrhea-predominant) improved globally during desipramine, five during placebo and six during atropine treatments. Desipramine may be helpful in treating IBS, perhaps through antidepressant and antimuscarinic effects.
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PMID:Effects of desipramine on irritable bowel syndrome compared with atropine and placebo. 354 19

The psychological "side effects" of self-regulatory treatment (a combination of relaxation, thermal biofeedback, and cognitive therapy) for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) were compared among 20 "successfully" treated patients, 12 "unsuccessfully" treated patients, and 9 patients who merely monitored symptoms for 12 weeks. Pretreatment and posttreatment scores on the Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Psychosomatic Symptom Checklist were examined. "Successfully" treated patients had significant (p less than .01) reductions on all measures and significantly greater reductions on depression and state anxiety than the symptom monitoring group. Interestingly, the failures also showed a significant (p = .027) reduction in trait anxiety and no significant increases on other measures.
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PMID:Psychological changes associated with self-regulatory treatments of irritable bowel syndrome. 366 36

Antidepressants are recommended by some clinicians as therapy for irritable colon even when there is no evidence of clinical depression, since this syndrome may represent a type of chronic masked depression. Antidepressants may be a good alternative in elderly patients with peptic ulcer disease, particularly in those with concurrent depression. Advantages include once-a-day administration, lower cost, and ease of serum monitoring.
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PMID:Antidepressants: their uses in nonpsychiatric disorders of aging. 375 82

Although depression has been linked with both the irritable bowel syndrome and non-organic abdominal pain, which are common in gastrointestinal outpatients, the prevalence of depression in most surveys of outpatient practice has been low. Use of the Beck Depression Inventory to screen new referrals to a general medical and gastrointestinal clinic and to a minor surgical clinic showed that 50 of 100 medical patients were rated as having some degree of depression, compared with 14 of 75 (19%) of the surgical patients in whom abdominal pain and bowel dysfunction were rare (X2 = 9.6, p less than 0.01). In the medical clinic no organic disorder was detected in 64% of the depressed patients, the majority of whom presented with abdominal pain or irritable bowel syndrome. Depression was significantly commoner in this group of patients than in those with other conditions, (X2 = 6.63, p = 0.01). That depression is common in gastrointestinal outpatients is not always appreciated and its symptoms should be sought in all patients with bowel dysfunction and chronic abdominal pain.
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PMID:Depression and functional bowel disorders in gastrointestinal outpatients. 375 15

Abdominal and mental symptoms were assessed in 103 outpatients with chronic peptic ulcer disease. Patients with present symptoms and a history of duodenal or prepyloric ulcer were included if they had no other disorder requiring treatment. A normal female population was used for comparison of mental symptoms. Besides the cardinal ulcer or acid-related symptoms, there was a high rate of indigestion and bowel dysfunction symptoms, usually associated with the irritable bowel syndrome. Mental symptoms were reported by almost all patients. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and neurasthenia were seen significantly more often among the female patients than in the normal women. We conclude that a wide range of both abdominal and mental symptoms should be taken into account in the therapeutic management of peptic ulcer disease, in evaluation of clinical trials, and in studies of the natural history.
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PMID:Symptom profiles in chronic peptic ulcer disease. A detailed study of abdominal and mental symptoms. 389 80

We have observed a high frequency of chronic Candida albicans infection and of allergic sensitization to candida among patients with normocalcemic latent tetany (LT). Among 50 LT patients, 34% suffered from recurrent or chronic candida infection by history, 24% showed evidence of active infection and 48% demonstrated type I hypersensitivity to C. albicans extract on intradermal testing. Treatment with oral antifungal drugs and allergy desensitization to Candida produced complete relief of symptoms in 44% of the patients, with remission occurring for symptoms of depression, irritable bowel syndrome, fatigue, premenstrual tension, headache, anxiety and back pain. The complex relationship between candidiasis and Mg deficit is discussed. Patients with LT, refractory symptoms and a history of prolonged antibiotic exposure or recurrent candida infection should be considered for oral antifungal therapy and candida desensitization.
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PMID:Normocalcemic tetany and candidiasis. 391 83

An appreciable proportion of the general population have the irritable bowel syndrome but do not report it. Results of psychological assessments showed that outpatients with the syndrome and non-reporters of it were psychologically similar, but both groups showed more somatic distress than normal controls. Anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsion, and interpersonal sensitivity were similar in both groups with the syndrome and the normal controls. The preponderance of women referred to outpatient clinics may reflect sociological factors rather than the severity of the irritable bowel syndrome.
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PMID:Psychoneurotic symptomatology in the irritable bowel syndrome: a study of reporters and non-reporters. 393 78

We have studied 22 consecutive patients referred for investigation of severe chronic right upper quadrant pain. The majority were women whose symptoms had been present for many years. All had undergone repeated investigations of the pancreatico-biliary, gastro-intestinal, urinary, and even gynaecological systems without a satisfactory diagnosis. Most had undergone at least one abdominal operation in an unsuccessful attempt to cure their pain. In 21 of 22 patients the customary pain was completely and reproducibly mimicked by balloon distension of the small or large intestine in at least one site. The trigger sites were jejunum (15), ileum (12), right colon (nine), and duodenum (six). In 12 more than one trigger site was found. Close questioning revealed features of the irritable bowel syndrome in the majority and depression in many though the symptoms were not spontaneously volunteered. Reproduction of pain has provided a convincing demonstration to this difficult group of patients that they have a sensitive gut and allows appropriate management.
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PMID:Origin of chronic right upper quadrant pain. 401 43


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