Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chronic exposure to low levels of carbon monoxide can cause vague symptoms that are easily mistaken for other common illnesses. During the past 5 years, three families have contacted the Wisconsin Division of Public Health to report illnesses that may have been caused by chronic exposure to carbon monoxide. Members of these families were diagnosed with a variety of conditions including chronic fatigue syndrome, depression and influenza. Carbon monoxide exposure was not suspected as a cause of these illnesses until heating contractors discovered that gas appliances in these families' homes were not properly vented. These cases serve as reminders that carbon monoxide exposure should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients who present with chronic symptoms of headache, fatigue, dizziness, nausea and mental confusion--especially when these symptoms onset during the winter heating season.
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PMID:Recognition of chronic carbon monoxide poisoning. 1060 52

To define the route of influenza virus invasion into the central nervous system (CNS), an avian influenza A (H5N3) virus was inoculated into mice intranasally or intravenously. Only the intranasal infection group mice showed depression and retention of gas in the digestive system. Pathological findings in the animals were bronchointerstitial pneumonia and non-suppurative encephalitis restricted to the brain stem. The nerve nucleus primarily affected was the nucleus of solitary tract. Prior to the development of the CNS lesions, viral antigen was detected in vagal and trigeminal ganglia. These results suggest that the primarily replicated virus in the respiratory mucosa ascended to the CNS via sensory nerve routes, inducing lesions in the brain stem, and then spread trans-synaptically in the CNS.
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PMID:Avian influenza virus intranasally inoculated infects the central nervous system of mice through the general visceral afferent nerve. 1066 17

Among 45 patients with chronic hepatitis C the efficiency of interferon alpha 2b treatment was evaluated. The efficiency of interferon therapy was determined after 6 months of treatment in the group of 28 patients (group I) treated for 6 months and 17 patients (group II) treated for 12 months. The side effects were investigated with respect to such a factor as time of treatment. 11 (39%) patients from group I had eliminated HCV RNA and 14 (50%) patients had normalized AlAT levels in the serum. Five (29%) patients from group II eliminated HCV RNA and 8 (47%) patients had normalized AlAT levels in the serum. The flu-like syndrome, thrombocytopenia, vision disorder, depression and somnolence were most often the side effects observed in treated patients. Proportionally to time of treatment vision disorder, depression and somnolence increased.
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PMID:Efficacy of interferon therapy on patients with HCV infection in dependence from the time of treatment. 1069 41

Codependency is a controversial concept especially for feminist scholars who are concerned about pathologizing traditional female roles. This study's purpose was to determine: (1) the prevalence of codependency in a sample of older women who because of age may ascribe to traditional roles; (2) how the Hughes-Hammer/Martsolf theoretical model of codependency relates to other health variables; and (3) whether previous findings about the relationship between codependency and depression replicate. Survey design was used with a sample of 238 women (ages 65 to 91) attending a flu shot clinic. Subjects completed the Codependency Assessment Tool, Beck Depression Inventory, Quality of Life Scale, Perceived Health Report, Measurement of Patient Functional Abilities, and Illness Prevention Screening Behaviors Checklist. Of these women, 99% had low codependency scores. Statistically significant correlations existed between codependency and perceived health (p < .01), and functional ability (p < .01). Codependency was not significantly correlated with illness prevention behaviors and quality of life. Codependency and depression, as in previous studies, were significantly correlated (r = .446, p = .0001). Using analysis of variance, 3 codependency subscales had significant positive effect on depression: Low Self-Worth, Medical Problems, and Hiding Self. Further studies should examine the degree of ascribing to traditional female roles in women dealing with codependency issues.
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PMID:Codependency and related health variables. 1087 Feb 53

Microcirculatory disorders (MD) and hemostasis (HS) were studied in patients with influenza and acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI). The patients also suffered from ischemic heart disease (IHD), essential hypertension (EH) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Among 241 patients 63.9% were middle-aged and old. 45 patients under 60 years of age without coexisting diseases served control. In acute influenza and ARVI the majority of the postcapillary veins and capillaries were affected with sludge syndrome, there were marked perivascular and vascular changes. Convalescence was accompanied with reduced permeability and intravascular aggregation of erythrocytes, microvessels improved tonicity. HS responded to the acute infections with depression of fibrinolysis, in convalescence platelet aggregation activated. IHD patients had disseminated intravascular red cell aggregation, slowing of the microflow, hypercoagulation. Patients with postmyocardial infarction cardiosclerosis (PIC) had more severe affection of microcirculation and hemostasis in convalescence. In hypertensive patients microcirculation and hemostasis were similar to those with IHD. In diabetics platelet aggregation improved but sludge phenomenon and slow blood flow persisted. Thus, ARVI for IHD, EH DM patients are a risk factor for the disease aggravation. In influenza and ARVI, IHD patients, especially with PIC and EH are contraindicated active physical exercise, intake of dysaggregant drugs is desirable. Diabetics should take drugs improving blood rheology early in acute period of ARVI.
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PMID:[Microcirculatory and hemostatic disturbances in patients with influenza and respiratory infections aggravated with coexisting diseases]. 1101 27

The efficacy and safety of recombinant human interferon gamma (rIFN-gamma) in the reduction of opportunistic disease in patients with advanced HIV-1 infection are assessed. A 12-month double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, Phase III trial of rIFN-gamma in HIV-positive patients with CD4 < 100 x 10(9)/liter on stable antiretroviral therapy. Eighty-four patients were allocated treatment on a 1:1 basis to rIFN-gamma or placebo. Patients received rIFN-gamma 0.05 mg/m(2) or 0.9% saline subcutaneously three times weekly for 48 weeks (optional extension to 18 months). The primary end point was the incidence of opportunist infections (CDC categories B/C). Secondary end points included mortality, immunological, and virological parameters. Patients on placebo had a mean of 3.45 opportunist infections (OIs) in the first 48 weeks. Patients treated with rIFN-gamma had a mean of 1.71 OIs (p = 0.04). However, the model showed overdispersion and the inclusion of a dispersion factor raised the p value to 0.13. rIFN-gamma appeared to have a particular effect on the incidence of Candida, herpes simplex, and cytomegalovirus infections. Three-year survival in the rIFN-gamma arm was 28% compared to 18% in the placebo group (not significant). rIFN-gamma-associated side-effects of headache, fatigue, rigors, influenza-like symptoms, depression, myalgia, and granulocytopenia were reversible. There was no evidence for HIV activation. Although not significant, the trend towards decreased opportunistic infections and increased survival warrants consideration of further trials of rIFN-gamma. The study gives additional information on the safety profile of this cytokine.
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PMID:A phase III study of recombinant human interferon gamma to prevent opportunistic infections in advanced HIV disease. 1142 20

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between depression, codependency, self-coherence, and alcohol use and health outcomes in women 65 years of age and older. The framework is Erikson's ego-development theory. A convenience sample of 238 women was obtained from women attending flu shot clinics. This cross-sectional field study used survey methodology. Measures included the Beck Depression Inventory, Codependency Assessment Tool, Self-Coherence Survey Form C, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Alcohol Use Questionnaire, Self-Rated Health Tool, Quality of Life Visual Analogue Scale, Functional Ability Scale, Illness Prevention Screening Behaviors Checklist, and Sociodemographic Data. Results indicate a low consumption and little variation in use of alcohol. There were no significant associations between alcohol consumption and the dependent variables. Depression was significantly related to all the health outcomes; codependency was significantly related to all health outcomes except perceived quality of life; and self-coherence was significantly related to all health outcomes except illness prevention behavior. These findings have important implications for those providing care for older women.
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PMID:Alcohol use in women 65 years of age and older. 1181 66

Estrogen receptor (ER) activity can be modulated by the action of other nuclear receptors. To study whether ER activity is altered by orphan nuclear receptors that mediate the cellular response to xenobiotics, cross-talk between ER and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), steroid and xenobiotic receptor, or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma was examined in HepG2 cells. Of these receptors, CAR substantially inhibited ER-mediated transcriptional activity of the vitellogenin B1 promoter as well as a synthetic estrogen responsive element (ERE)-containing promoter. Treatment with an agonist of CAR, 1,4-bis-(2-(3,5-dichloropyridoxyl))benzene, potentiated CAR-mediated transcriptional repression. In contrast, an antagonist of CAR, androstenol, alleviated the repression effect. Although CAR interacted with the ER in solution, CAR did not interact with the ER bound to the ERE. CAR/retinoid X receptor bound to the ERE but with much lower affinity than ER. Incremental amounts of CAR elicited a progressive reduction of the ER activity induced by the p160 coactivator glucocorticoid receptor interacting protein 1 (GRIP-1). In turn, increasing amounts of GRIP-1 progressively reversed the depression of ER activity by CAR. An agonist or antagonist of CAR potentiated or alleviated, respectively, the CAR-mediated repression of the GRIP-1-enhanced ER activity, which is consistent with the ability of theses ligands to increase or decrease, respectively, the interaction of CAR with GRIP-1. A CAR mutant that did not interact with GRIP-1 did not inhibit ER-mediated transactivation. Our data demonstrate that xenobiotic nuclear receptor CAR antagonizes ER-mediated transcriptional activity by squelching limiting amounts of p160 coactivator and imply that xenobiotics may influence ER function of female reproductive physiology, cell differentiation, tumorigenesis, and lipid metabolism.
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PMID:Inhibitory cross-talk between estrogen receptor (ER) and constitutively activated androstane receptor (CAR). CAR inhibits ER-mediated signaling pathway by squelching p160 coactivators. 1211 25

Interferon and ribavirin combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C produces a number of well-described side effects that are dominated by fatigue, influenza-like symptoms, hematologic abnormalities, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Combination therapy with pegylated interferons (peginterferon alfa-2a and alfa-2b) yields an adverse event profile similar to standard interferon, although the frequency of certain adverse events may vary by preparation. Premature withdrawal from therapy due to adverse events was required in 10% to 14% of participants in registration trials of these agents. Most adverse events were safely and effectively managed by dose reduction using predetermined criteria. The most common indications for dose reduction were hematologic abnormalities, such as anemia and neutropenia, with the latter more frequent in peginterferon treatment arms. Recent data suggest that maintaining adherence to a prescribed treatment regimen can enhance antiviral response. Strategies to maximize adherence are being developed and, in the future, may include early identification of and therapy for depression and the selective use of hematopoietic growth factors to ameliorate hematologic abnormalities.
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PMID:Side effects of therapy of hepatitis C and their management. 1240 99

Treatment-resistant depression is an important clinical problem presenting a major challenge to clinical psychiatry. While several strategies have been attempted, including medication switch, antidepressant polypharmacy and various augmentative regimens, success remains limited. Amantadine (AMN), an agent traditionally used in the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza, is now known to exhibit prominent effects at the level of dopaminergic, monoamine oxidase and N-methyl-D-aspartate systems. The present reports on the efficacy of AMN as augmentation to standard antidepressant treatment in patients with treatment-resistant depression. Eight patients with treatment-resistant depression consented to receive AMN, titrated up to a dose of 300 mg, over a period of 4 weeks in a non-blinded fashion. Improvement in both depression and anxiety scores were observed from week 1, with patients exhibiting improvement of depressive scores of up to 49% by study completion. Females appeared to exhibit a stronger response, and within a shorter period of time. Side-effects reported included dry mouth and sedation. AMN appears to demonstrate efficacy as a safe and effective augmentative agent in treatment-resistant depression. Further studies are clearly mandated to test these preliminary observations in a double-blinded manner.
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PMID:Amantadine as augmentation therapy in the management of treatment-resistant depression. 1259 20


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