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 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Despite the fact that various studies have demonstrated the importance of the mind-body connection and fertility, the psychosocial aspects of infertility have not been adequately addressed. Fertility treatments, ranging from medical monitoring, to hormonal remedies and in vitro fertilization (IVF), are both a physical and emotional burden on women and their partners. Psychological factors such as depression, state-anxiety, and stress-induced changes in heart rate and cortisol are predictive of a decreased probability of achieving a viable pregnancy. A couple that is trying to conceive will undoubtedly experience feelings of frustration and disappointment if a pregnancy is not easily achieved. However, if the difficulties progress and the man and or woman are labelled as having fertility problems, then this may result in a severe insult to self-esteem, body image, and self-assessed masculinity or femininity. Three types of relationships have been hypothesized between psychological factors and infertility. These include: (1) psychological factors are risk factors of subsequent infertility; (2) the experience of the diagnosis and treatment of infertility causes subsequent psychological distress; (3) a reciprocal relationship exists between psychological factors and infertility. The evidence for these three relationships is reviewed and an alternative approach to the treatment of infertility including stress evaluation that precedes or is concurrent to fertility treatment is suggested.
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PMID:Psychological interactions with infertility among women. 1554 45

This study was undertaken to assess the mood profile in men seeking treatment for infertility and also to investigate if aetiological factors of infertility have any impact on mood. This was a prospective questionnaire study and the setting was the Human Assisted Reproduction Ireland (H.A.R.I.) unit in the Rotunda Hospital. Fifty men participated in the study and were required to complete the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire. The results were analysed using an ordered logit regression analysis on the statistical software package DATA DESK 5.0.1. There were no cases of depression in the study population. However, detectable anxiety levels were displayed in 31.9% of men. Those with severe oligospermia had a higher mean anxiety score (8.5) compared with other patient subgroups. Clinically significant anxiety was found in 8.5%; all of these men had a male-factor problem. The study population was relatively small but some interesting trends were observed. A larger trial is warranted to assess if genuine at-risk groups exist.
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PMID:An assessment of mood in males attending an infertility clinic. 1569 79

The challenges of the epidemic are not limited to concerns about bulk and weight. The disabilities caused by obesity are physiologic and psychosocial. The increased waist to hip girth is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. Obesity also has been related directly to increased risk of sleep apnea, cancer, gallbladder disease, musculoskeletal disorders, severe pancreatitis, bacterial panniculitis, diverticulitis, infertility, urinary incontinence, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. The psychosocial factors and quality of life in the obese population also have been documented. Although there is some debate, the obese have been found to be twice as likely to suffer from anxiety, impaired social interaction,and depression when compared with the nonobese population. Although advances in obesity surgery have resulted in long-term, lasting treatment of this disease and some of its comorbidities (ie, diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea), There is a pressing need to develop a comprehensive medical and nutrition plan to reduce the prevalence of this newly identified disease state. Some draw parallels to tobacco and the morbidity and mortality associated with its use. Perhaps there are similarities in these two epidemics. Both start with education of the population as to the morbidities and mortality associated with the disease. As with tobacco, this education is especially important for youth. Without a plan of education to promote nutrition and increased physical activity, and continued research into the causes of obesity, the prevalence of obesity will continue to rise in the United States.
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PMID:Epidemiology of obesity in the United States. 1582 34

The aim of this study was an assessment of women's moods and emotions during infertil-ity treatment. Sixty married women diagnosed and treated for primary infertility at Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics University of Poznan Medical Sciences from January to April 2003 were included in this study. The average age of women was 28.5 years. Control group consisted of 30 female students at similar age, single, not planning pregnancy in the nearest future. Depression was assessed using Beck scale. The special questionnaire was made to evaluate women's different psychological features connected with infertility. The interviews had a personal character and every question was filled in the questionnaire by the investigator. The first reaction most patients experienced when they found out about infertility was: 1) astonishment 2) sadness 3) anger, and similar was the opinion from the control group. Both the patients and the control group consider that having a baby is: 1) goal of their lives 2) sense of marriage 3) providing a woman with a sense of fulfillment. More than 25% of both groups of women think that infertility is the most important problem for their couples. Economic difficulties seem to be the biggest problem for patients during their treatment of infertility. What is very interesting patients average Beck scale depression score was significantly higher that of control respondents (8,6 points for patients and 4,4 for control group).
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PMID:[Feelings and emotions in women treated for infertility]. 1585 Mar 24

Depression is the leading cause of disease-related disability in women. Epidemiological studies have shown that the lifetime prevalence of a major depressive disorder in women (21.3%) is almost twice that in men (12.7%). This ratio has been documented in different countries and ethnic groups. Sex differences relating to depression vary with age, with male and female children showing similar incidence rates. National comorbidity data reveal that sex differences in prevalence first appear around the age of 10 years and persist until midlife, after which they disappear. Therefore, women have the greatest risk for developing depressive disorders during their child-bearing years. Several biological processes are thought to be involved in the predisposition of women to depression, including genetically determined vulnerability, hormonal fluctuations related to various aspects of reproductive function, and an undue sensitivity to such hormonal fluctuations in brain systems that mediate depressive states. Psychosocial events such as role-stress, victimization, sex-specific socialization, internalization coping style, and disadvantaged social status have all been considered to be contributors to the increased vulnerability of women to depression. Women are more susceptible than men to stress-induced depression and to changes in photoperiod (more than 80% of individuals with seasonal affective disorder are women). Depression in women may develop during different phases of the reproductive cycle (premenstrual dysphoric disorder, depression during pregnancy, postpartum depressive conditions, and menopausal depression). Other reproductive events such as infertility, miscarriage, oral contraceptives, and hormone replacement treatment have been reported to cause depression in women.
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PMID:Depression in women. 1587 14

Many extravagant physical traits are selected because they are used as cues for mate choice (sexual selection). Why is mate choice driven by costly ornaments? A theory of sexual selection posits that extravagant traits are preferred because are reliable indicators of superior (heritable) phenotypic quality. In particular, the preferred traits can be expressed only in individuals with superior conditions because are handicaps which impose a high cost to the carrier. The human penis achieves its reproductive function by the complex neuro-vascular mechanisms that controls erection. Surprisingly, erectile dysfunction and infertility, two condition which nearly annihilate fitness, are widespread medical conditions which affect millions of people of any age worldwide. The very high incidence of erectile dysfunction appears as an evolutionary paradox. Impotence is associated with all major systemic diseases as well depression and stress. Stress is also one of the causes of infertility. Therefore, male reproduction appears to be extremely sensitive to internal and external stressors. Moreover, erectile dysfunction is a predictor of myocardial infarction and stroke, whereas men with regular sexual activity have lower risk of death due to coronary disease. This large body of medical literature makes erection the best case for a fitness indicator in the human male. We suggest that the fragility of male sexual physiology observed in modern society is the specific consequence of an evolutionary process driven by the handicap principle.
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PMID:Male reproductive physiology as a sexually selected handicap? Erectile dysfunction is correlated with general health and health prognosis and may have evolved as a marker of poor phenotypic quality. 1589 37

Despite all the marvelous advancements in modern medicine, traditional medicine has always been practiced. More than 70% of the developing world's population still depends on the complementary and alternative systems of medicine (CAM). Cultural beliefs and practices often lead to self-care or home remedies in rural areas and consultation with traditional healers. Evidence-based CAM therapies have shown remarkable success in healing acute as well as chronic diseases. Alternative therapies have been utilized by people in Pakistan who have faith in spiritual healers, clergymen, hakeems, homeopaths or even many quacks. These are the first choice for problems such as infertility, epilepsy, psychosomatic troubles, depression and many other ailments. The traditional medicine sector has become an important source of health care, especially in rural and tribal areas of the country. The main reasons for consulting a CAM healer is the proximity, affordable fee, availability, family pressure and the strong opinion of the community. Pakistan has a very rich tradition in the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of various ailments. It necessitates the integration of the modern and CAM systems in terms of evidence-based information sharing. The health-seeking behavior of the people especially in developing countries calls for bringing all CAM healers into the mainstream by providing them with proper training, facilities and back-up for referral. A positive interaction between the two systems has to be harnessed to work for the common goal of improving health of the people.
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PMID:Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Pakistan: Prospects and Limitations. 1593 53

Women with primary infertility and their husbands were significantly more depressed than women with secondary infertility and their husbands, and the difference in levels of depression of women compared with their husbands was significantly greater for primary than for secondary infertility. Depressive symptomology for childless individuals is greater for wives than for their husbands.
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PMID:Depression in primary versus secondary infertility egg recipients. 1595 Jun 73

Relaxation techniques are part of the integrative medicine movement that is of growing importance for mainstream medicine. Complementary medical therapies have the potential to affect many physiological systems. Repeatedly studies show the benefits of the placebo response and relaxation techniques in the treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, chronic pain, insomnia, anxiety and mild and moderate depression, premenstrual syndrome, and infertility. In itself, relaxation is characterized by a decreased metabolism, heart rate, blood pressure, and rate of breathing as well as an increase in skin temperature. Relaxation approaches, such as progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic training, meditation and biofeedback, are effective in lowering systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients by a significant margin. Given this association with changes in vascular tone, we have hypothesized that nitric oxide, a demonstrated vasodilator substance, contribute to physiological activity of relaxation approaches. We examined the scientific literature concerning the disorders noted earlier for their nitric oxide involvement in an attempt to provide a molecular rationale for the positive effects of relaxation approaches, which are physiological and cognitive process. We conclude that constitutive nitric oxide may crucially contribute to potentially beneficial outcomes and effects in diverse pathologies, exerting a global healing effect.
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PMID:Integrative medical therapy: examination of meditation's therapeutic and global medicinal outcomes via nitric oxide (review). 1614 96

Women with previous infertility may be at risk for developing depression during pregnancy (Olshansky, E. (2003). A theoretical explanation for previously infertile mothers' vulnerability to depression. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 35(3), 23-268) and postpartum, a possibility often overlooked in this population. There is a dearth of research about depression in women during the transition from pregnancy to postpartum. This pilot longitudinal, cohort design study examined this transition, focusing on potential predictors of postpartum depression (PPD) in previously infertile women. Two significant variables, marital satisfaction and the "divided self," a condition in which women present an outer compliant self while experiencing internal anger, may be predictors of the development of PPD in new mothers with a history of infertility. Additional research is needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
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PMID:The transition from pregnancy to postpartum in previously infertile women: a focus on depression. 1630 27


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