Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

For development of an animal model of virus-induced anergy, the effect of canine distemper virus (CDV) upon cell-mediated immunity in dogs was investigated. First, canine cutaneous reactions and in vitro lymphocyte responses to soluble protein antigens were characterized. Dogs immunized with picryl guinea pig albumin and with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (both in complete Freund's adjuvant) responded reproducibly to intracutaneous challenge with these antigens. Reactivity peaked in 20-40 days (maximal induration, 6-50 mm). Lymphocytes from these animals responded in vitro to stimulation with keyhole limpet hemocyanin or purified protein derivative. This stimulation was antigen-specific and was maximal on day 6 of culture. Infection with CDV depressed cutaneous reactivity and lymphocyte response in vitro to antigens and mitogens. This effect was transient in animals previously vaccinated with attenuated CDV; however, gnotobiotic puppies (susceptible to CDV) had prolonged depression of cell-mediated immunity and lymphopenia. Some of these animals developed neurologic symptoms and died. The findings indicate that CDV infection is a potentially useful model for study of virus-induced depression of T (thymus)-cell responses and support the hypothesis that there is more than one mechanism responsible for this phenomenon.
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PMID:A canine distemper model of virus-induced anergy. 5 99

Simultaneous infection of primary rabbit kidney cells with HSV type 1 TK+ and a TK- strain results in a mutual influence of both viruses on the induction of thymidine kinase (TK). TK+ virus has an enhancing and TK- virus a depressing effect on TK induction by a superinfecting TK+ virus. The enzyme induction depends on the ratio of multiplicities of both viruses. The mutual influence on TK induction depends further on the time of addition of the superinfecting virus: the effect of the second virus can still be observed when given 6 hours after primary infection. Identical phenomena can be observed using combinations with HSV type 2 or Pseudorabies viruses. The ability of HSV to induce TK is progressively inactivated with increasing the time of UV-irradiation. The depressing effect of a TK- strain and the stimulating effect of a TK+ strain on superinfecting TK+ strains is UV-sensitive: after 6 minutes of UV-irradiation neither inhibition nor stimulation of TK induction by a superinfecting TK+ strain can be observed. Infection by long-term (20 minutes) UV-irradiated TK+ strains results in a depression of TK induction by a superinfecting TK+ virus. Long-term irradiation of the TK- virus does not show this effect. Cytosine-arabinoside has no effect on the mutual influence of TK induction by TK+ and TK-strains; the phenomenon of mutual depression therefore has to be considered an early process.
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PMID:Influence of double infections on the induction of thymidine kinase by UV-irradiated herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and pseudorabies virus. 17 20

Experimental infection with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) at hatching or at 3 weeks of age in White Leghorn chickens without maternally derived antibodies to IBDV resulted in a depression in the antibody response of chickens to Newcastle disease vaccination (NDV) at 4 weeks of age and increased the susceptibility of those birds to challenge with virulent NDV. Infection of non-IBDV immune chickens with IBDV at hatching, but not at 3 weeks of age, also depressed the antibody response of chickens vaccinated at 18, 30, or 42 weeks of age, but had no effect on the susceptibility of those birds to challenge with virulent NDV. Prior exposure to IBDV did not alter disease resistance afforded a bird by NDV vaccination at 18, 30, or 42 weeks of age. However, IBDV infection at hatching did render chickens that were not vaccinated against ND more susceptible to challenge with virulent NDV at 21, 33, or 45 weeks of age than unvaccinated birds which were not infected with IBDV or unvaccinated chickens infected with IBDV at 3 weeks of age.
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PMID:Effects of early infectious bursal disease virus infection on immunity to Newcastle disease in adult chickens. 22 46

Infection of susceptible strains of mice with Friend leukemia virus (FLV) results in a profound depression of cell-mediated immunity as assessed by lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. This depression occurs early in the disease, before the onset of splenomegaly, and is associated with a decline in the susceptibility of splenocytes from FLV-infected mice to lysis by anti-Thy-1. 2 serum and complement. Treatment of splenocytes from FLV-infected mice with neuraminidase restores, in large part, their susceptibility to anti-Thy-1.2 serum as well as their cytolytic capacity. These studies suggest that one early immunosuppressive consequence of infection with FLV involves alteration of the effector T-lymphocyte cell surface.
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PMID:Friend virus-induced immunodepression: effect of neuraminidase treatment on Thy-1.2 antigen expression and cytotoxic potential of splenocytes from virus-infected mice. 30 16

Infection with the avirulent piroplasm Babesia microti in mice is accompanied by a marked depression in the ability of the mice to mount an immune response to sheep red blood cells. The period of immunodepression begins 3 days after peak parasitaemia and is maximal 4 days later. Thereafter, there is a slow return to normal immune responsiveness, correlated with the gradual disappearance of the parasites from the blood. Both IgM and IgG responses are depressed. Cell-mediated responses as determined by contact sensitivity to oxazolone and allograft survival are apparently unaffected. Phagocytic activity was measured by carbon clearance tests is increased, and is correlated with the parasitaemia.
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PMID:Immunodepression in Babesia microti infections. 33 21

Splenic immune responses having varying dependence on accessory cell co-operation have been studied after infection of mice with Friend virus. Infection has no effect on cell proliferation or antibody production in cultures stimulated with E. coli lipopolysaccharide. The response in vivo to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide is depressed only moderately. The response to sheep red blood cells is depressed severely both in vivo and in vitro. Depression in vitro is greatly reduced by co-stimulation with E. coli lipopolysaccharide. Depletion of potential suppressor lymphocyte populations by irradiation or adult thymectomy does not ameliorate depression of responses to sheep red blood cells or pneumococcal polysaccharide. Responses after adult thymectomy plus irradiation are not affected by the virus. Although it is known that macrophage and helper T-lymphocyte co-operation are not themselves impaired by infection, these results suggest that there is a direct relationship between severity of immune depression and dependence on co-operation. Implications for the action of the virus are discussed.
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PMID:The immunodepressive effect of Friend virus. IV. Effects on spleen B lymphocytes. 36

A model of salicylate intoxication was developed in ferrets to permit the evaluation of the interaction with viruses isolated from patients with Reye's syndrome. Salicylate intoxication produced a mild elevation of the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and fatty changes in the liver, but these changes differed from those seen in Reye's syndrome on light and electron microscopy. Salicylates were associated with decreased activity of hepatic phosphorylase and a slight depression of activity or ornithine transcarbamylase, a mitochondrial urea cycle enzyme. Infection with influenza viruses produced mild fatty changes in the liver, but did not significantly potentiate the effects of salicylate intoxication on the over-all mortality, the degree of fatty changes, or the hepatic enzymes. Influenza infection alone was not associated with decreased hepatic phosphorylase activity, but was associated with decreased activity of ornithine transcarbamylase. Influenza A was isolated from the livers of two of four animals cultured in embryonated eggs.
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PMID:Salicylate intoxication and influenza in ferrets. 43 1

Infection of the peritoneal cavity with cestode larvae, presumptively diagnosed as tetrathyridia of the genus Mesocestoides, was found by exploratory celiotomy in a dog with clinical signs consisting of episodic anorexia, vomiting, and depression. Lymphopenia and hypoalbuminemia were associated clinicopathologic abnormalities. Dystrophic calcification and midline duodenal displacement were found on abdominal radiographs. Therapy with mebendazole was instituted after recurrence of the initial episodic clinical signs postoperatively. Daily use of mebendazole for intermittent periods of up to 3 months led to remission of gastrointestinal signs for 30 months. However, 17 months after the initial diagnosis, infection of the vaginal tunic of the testicle with similar cestode larvae necessitated castration and removal of the vaginal tunic to the inguinal ring. Mebendazole therapy was reinstituted and continued for 31/2 months postoperatively. The dog was free of clinical signs of infection during and for the 16 months since this period of treatment.
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PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of peritonitis caused by a larval cestode Mesocestoides spp., in a dog. 45 93

Infections of children with malignant disease, especially of the lympho-reticular system, are characterized by their severity, with a high mortality, as a consequence of defective immunocompetence. According to the immunosurveillance theory, temporary immune defects could have even facilitated the malignant growth. The neoplastic disease itself contributes to the immunodeficiency by multiple mechanisms. The powerful cytostatic-cytocidal drugs reduce the immune response also, especially in the phases of bone marrow depression. Granulocytopenia shows the most significant correlation with the incidence of serious infections. The different forms of hospital infections have been reviewed and classified as 1. bacterial, fungal and, rarely, (but most dangerous) protozoal infections, 2. endogenous infections with the patient's own anaerobic intestinal flora and 3. viral infections. The perspectives of up-to-date chemotherapy and management of the immunodeficiency e.g. with leucocyte transfusions, and attempts to prevent infection are discussed.
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PMID:[Infections in children with malignant disease (author's transl)]. 51 38

Complement system has been investigated in the first 15 days postburn. Complement titer (measured by a kinetic method of immune hemolysis) decreases immediately after thermal injury. This depression is mainly explained by mechanical leakage and is related to burn surface. No anticomplementary effect has ever been found in this period. After 48 hours complement titer rises. Magnitude and rate of rise are inversely related to the severity of burn trauma (depth and surface). Infection occurrence is statistically related to but somewhat independent of complement levels and interferes with the rate of increase of complement levels. The basis of the rise to normal or elevated complement levels remains unexplained.
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PMID:Alterations of complement system following thermal injury: use in estimation of vital prognosis. 63 21


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