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 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There is increasing evidence that environmental and neuropharmacologic treatments enhance stroke recovery. Functional magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation have significantly broadened our understanding of the neuroanatomic relationships involved in recovery from brain injury due to stroke. These tools have also demonstrated the role for pharmacologic enhancement of cortical plasticity coupled with behavioral interventions. Robot-assisted therapy and partial body weight-supported treadmill gait training have demonstrated the role for technologic intervention in the modern neuro-rehabilitation setting. Current research using hemi-field ocular prisms and patching techniques suggest a role in the rehabilitation of hemianopsia and visual neglect. Finally, many advances have been made in the understanding of common stroke complications, such as depression, dysphagia, venous thromboembolic disease, incontinence, and spasticity.
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PMID:New developments in stroke rehabilitation. 1205 78

Pick's disease is a progressive illness that affects brain function, eventually causing loss of verbal skills and problem-solving abilities. Pick's disease accounts for 5% of all dementias. The most common symptoms involve personality, behavior, and language changes. Diagnosis can be difficult; a differential diagnosis often requires several years. Frequently, the disorder is initially diagnosed as stress, depression, or Alzheimer's disease. A magnetic resonance imaging scan will show atrophied portions of the frontal and temporal lobes. One of the most difficult aspects of care for someone with Pick's disease is communication. The communication styles of nurses can alleviate the anxiety experienced by a person with Pick's disease. Nurses should try different strategies as an approach to communicating and caring for someone with Pick's disease, remembering that each person suffering from dementia is different. Pick's disease can be emotionally devastating to the families of those who develop this disease. Working with families confronting the disability of a loved one is perhaps the greatest challenge for nurses. Nurses have the responsibility of educating the primary caregiver about nutrition, skin protection, incontinence care, safety, and end-of-life decisions.
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PMID:A story of Pick's disease: a rare form of dementia. 1208 Aug 67

As the giants of geriatrics are considered: immobility, instability, incontinence, intellectual impairment, depression, visual and auditory impairment. They have multiple causation, chronic course, no simple cure and make the elderly person dependent on others for care. The paper presents the results of the study on the prevalence of the giants of geriatrics in community dwelling elderly people 75 yers old +. The study design: cross-sectional questionnaire study, survey. Population studied lived in two chosen areas (the urban and the rural one) with the high percentages of the demographic senility. The interviewers were doctors and nurses serving the studied areas. 463 randomly selected elderly people (233 from the rural and 230 from the urban area) took part in the study. The serious locomotive disability (III/IV group according to J. Piotrowski) was observed in 17.1% of the probands (20.4% in the urban and 13.7% in the rural area; the worse locomotive ability was observed in women and in the older age groups.). Falls were reported by 45.1% of the group (more frequently by women and in the rural area--58.3% vs. 31.9% in the city). Visual impairment reported 21.1% of probands in the urban area and above 50% in rural one and auditory impairment respectively 30.8% and 53.9% of them (in both cases positive correlation with the age was noticed). Incontinence of urine was found in 31.7% of cases in the city and in 46% of them in the rural area (more frequently in women) and incontinence of faeces in 6% (without urban/rural differences). The pathologic result of the Geriatric Depression Scale was observed in 49.2% of the elderly (more frequently in women) and of the Cognitive Impairment Test by Katzman in 20.5% (more frequently in women and in the older age groups). Only 18.4% of the studied group of the elderly maintained the community nurse visited their home during the last 12 months (27.8% in the city and 9% in the rural area) and more frequently--34.3%--general practitioner (respectively 48.7% and 20.2%). The marginal percentage of the elderly (and only in the city) received any kind of physical rehabilitation or contacted the social worker. In the presence of high rate of disability in the elderly population the most important need is the development of community care for the elderly with the great emphasis on the role of community/home nurses and rehabilitation institutions for the elderly on the primary care level.
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PMID:[The spreading of big geriatric centers in the community dwelling elderly: the challenge for the primary health care]. 1218 70

Female genital mutilation is associated with immediate, long-term, pregnancy-related, and psychosexual complications. Immediate complications can cause death and include severe pain, shock, hemorrhage, tetanus or sepsis, urine retention, ulceration of the genital region, and injury to adjacent tissues. Long-term complications include formation of cysts, abscesses, and keloid scars, damage to the urethra resulting in incontinence, painful sexual intercourse, sexual dysfunction, recurrent urinary tract infections, chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, and infertility. During child birth, survivors of female genital mutilation may require Cesarean section or suffer obstructed labor leading to fetal death and/or vesico-vaginal fistulae and large perineal tears. The psychological consequences of female genital mutilation may involve loss of trust and confidence in care-givers, feelings of incompleteness, anxiety, depression, chronic irritability, and sexual problems. In many women, flashbacks of the infibulation process are triggered by touch. Deinfibulation must be accompanied by adequate pain relief, but the use of local or epidural anesthesia is not appropriate.
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PMID:Consequences of genital mutilation. 1222 23

Certain aspects of urinary incontinence, depression and sexual function are proving to be tied to one another in ways other than the obvious. From a biochemical standpoint certain monoamines, specifically serotonin, appear to be important in the expression of these pathologic states. In depression, the role of serotonin is fairly well established, and there is increasing evidence for there being a role in a specific cause of incontinence as well. There is only empiric evidence that serotonin plays a role in some types of sexual dysfunction. However, the possibility of this connection between such distinct disorders is fodder for theoretic conjecture.
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PMID:An unexpected association between urinary incontinence, depression and sexual dysfunction. 1258 61

The objective was to translate, adapt, and validate the Health Perceptions Questionnaire for use on an older Mexican population. After translating and pretesting, three items were eliminated and answers were dichotomised. In the scale, 24 items were used to interview a representative sample of 4,966 respondents. Internal consistency was .91. Principal components analysis for categorical data gave four similar factors to those reported in the original version. Scoring was made by weighting items, using (A) homogeneous values (1 or 2) or (B) factor loadings (0-1.0). Scoring A is proposed for clinical settings or research since no differences were found and this procedure is easier to compute. Objective health indicators such as chronic diseases, depression, incontinence, death during follow up, and disability were associated with the self-perception of health measured with the revised version.
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PMID:Validation of the Health Perceptions Questionnaire for an older Mexican population. 1284 33

Fecal incontinence is a symptom of many disorders that can affect the nerves and muscles controlling defecation; it is not just due to exceptionally voluminous diarrhea. Underlying problems should be identified and treated, because that may improve incontinence. If treatment of the underlying problem does not correct incontinence, several approaches can be employed successfully. General approaches include stimulation of defecation at intervals to empty the rectum under supervised conditions; treatment of diarrhea, if present; addressing coexisting psychologic problems, such as depression; use of continence aids, such as adult diapers; and perineal skin care to prevent skin breakdown. Drug therapy includes use of constipating drugs, such as loperamide or diphenoxylate, that can impede the gastrocolic reflex, thereby limiting rectal filling and the likelihood of incontinence. Biofeedback training is useful in patients with some ability to sense rectal distention and to contract the external anal sphincter; instrumental learning using manometric or electromyographic biofeedback can be used to reinforce the rectoanal contractile response to rectal distention. Improvement in continence has been noted in up to 70% of suitable candidates with a single biofeedback training session. Patients with external anal sphincter disruption due to childbirth injury or other trauma may benefit from direct external anal sphincter repair (sphincteroplasty). In others, tightening up the anal canal by encirclement with nonabsorbable mesh (Thiersch procedure), perianal injection of fat, collagen, or synthetic gel, or radiofrequency electrical energy (Stretta procedure) may provide some palliation. Creation of a new sphincter mechanism by muscle transposition and encirclement of the anal canal is another approach that has been improved by use of electrical stimulators to keep the neosphincter contracted. Artificial anal sphincters patterned after artificial urinary sphincters have met with some success, but local infection remains problematic. When all else fails, fecal diversion (ileostomy, colostomy) can be effective in rehabilitating patients.
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PMID:Treatment of Fecal Incontinence. 1284 41

Transabdominal ultrasound was used to assess 104 women with incontinence and prolapse. The bladder was used as a marker of levator plate (LP) movement. The women were asked to draw in and lift the pelvic floor muscles (PFM) and a change in position of the LP in a cranial or caudal direction during contraction was documented. Three different patterns of movement of the LP were identified, with 38% of subjects elevating and 43% of subjects depressing the LP; 19% had no change in LP movement. In the stress incontinence group there was a higher than expected number that elevated the LP. In the urgency and prolapse groups there was a higher than expected number of subjects that depressed the LP ( P=0.008).The results highlight three different subgroups based on the patients' attempt to initiate elevation of the LP. Subjects who depressed the LP when instructed to elevate it appeared to adopt straining strategies via the generation of intra-abdominal pressure. Depression of the LP may have long-term negative implications for prolapse and incontinence.
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PMID:Levator plate movement during voluntary pelvic floor muscle contraction in subjects with incontinence and prolapse: a cross-sectional study and review. 1285 48

Potential geriatric patients are frail old persons characterized by the presence of one or several geriatric conditions: polypharmacy, socio-economic problems, vision/hearing impairment, confusion, impaired mobility, incontinence, weight loss, depression, falls, dementia, and prolonged bedrest. Admission of these frail old patients to a geriatric unit may reduce mortality, improve function, and decrease the risk of nursing home placement. These frail old patients may not all be able to profit from geriatric rehabilitation. The published randomized trials showing substantial effect of geriatric rehabilitation exclude patients with severe dementia, terminal disease or those with a single medical disease for which there is no further treatment. Careful selection of patients is necessary in order to achieve superior, clear-cut effect when compared to conventional treatment in general medical wards.
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PMID:[Who should be admitted to a geriatric unit?]. 1288 61

The aim of this study was to develop the short form of a condition-specific, reliable, validated and self-administered instrument to evaluate sexual function in women with pelvic organ prolapse and/or urinary incontinence. The Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire -12 (PISQ-12) was developed from the data of 99 of 182 women surveyed to create the long form (PISQ-31). An additional 46 patients were recruited for further validation. All subsets regression analysis identified 12 items likely to predict PISQ-31 scores. Short form scores underwent correlation analysis with long form, Incontinence Impact Questionnaire - 7 (IIQ-7), Sexual History Form -12 (SHF-12) and Symptom Questionnaire (SQ) scores. Test-retest reliability was checked with a subset of 20 patients. All subsets regression analysis with R>0.92 identified 12 items that predicted PISQ-31 scores. Short form scores were highly correlated with long form scores ( R=0.75-0.95). Correlations of the PISQ-12 with SHF-12 ( R=-0.66 and -0.68) and IIQ-7 ( R=-0.38 and -0.54) scores were similar to correlation of the PISQ-31 with these other measures. Reliability was moderate to high, with weighted kappa values from 0.56 to 0.93. PISQ-12 scores were lower in patients with low sexual function as measured on the SHF-12 ( P <0.001), and lower in women with depression as measured on the SQ ( P <0.001). The PISQ-12 is a validated and reliable short form that evaluates sexual function in women with urinary incontinence and/or pelvic organ prolapse and predicts PISQ-31 scores. It is able to distinguish women with poor sexual function as measured on the SHF-12.
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PMID:A short form of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12). 1295 37


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