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Pharyngeal gonorrhea in children and adolescents is probably increasing. During a 1-year period, 16 patients were diagnosed and treated for pharyngeal gonorrhea. This was the result of a search among a high-risk group, consisting of victims of sex abuse, patients suspected of homosexual practices, and adolescents with symptoms or signs suggestive of sexually transmitted diseases. Of the 16 positive throat cultures, 75% represented pharyngeal colonization while only 25% had clinical symptoms. Pharyngeal gonorrhea was found to be a marker in screening for psychosocial pathology, leading in two-thirds of the cases to the discovery of instances of incest, sexual abuse, chaotic family situations, or severe depression, all of which had been previously denied, ignored, or neglected. The purpose of this article is to alert health care providers to the clinical spectrum of pharyngeal gonorrhea in children and adolescents.
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PMID:Clinical spectrum of pharyngeal gonorrhea in children and adolescents: a report of sixteen patients. 684 Dec 40

Forty women who had had incestuous relationships with their fathers during childhood were compared with 20 women whose fathers had been seductive but not overtly incestuous. More of the women who had experienced overt incest reported that their fathers had been violent and that their mothers had been chronically ill, disabled, or battered. Untreated depression, alcoholism, or psychosis or repeated involuntary childbearing were most commonly cited as causes of impaired maternal functioning. Women who had experienced overt incest had a higher rate of running away, suicide attempts, and pregnancy during adolescence than the comparison group. The authors suggest that clinicians be alert to the possibility of incest in families which contain a violent father, a disabled mother, or an "acting-out" adolescent girl.
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PMID:Families at risk for father-daughter incest. 725 59

Our review of the literature on the impact of paternal incest with the daughter showed several patterns of results. Past studies of girls soon after the termination of or exposure to incest suggest guilt, depression, behavior disorders, and occasionally hysterical "seizures" as possible reactions. Those exploring the long-term consequences point toward deficits in sexual functioning and sexual identity. A third group of studies, however, indicates that some victims of father-daughter incest exhibit no apparent psychopathology. The contribution of prevailing knowledge to current therapeutic practice is discussed.
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PMID:Psychologic responses of incestuous daughters: emerging patterns. 731 41

Adolescent male sex offenders who assaulted younger siblings (n = 32) were compared to those who offended against nonsibling children (n = 28). Data were based on responses to the Assessing Environments (III) Scale, Family-of-Origin Scale, Youth Self-Report, Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Unlike many earlier studies of adolescent sex offenders, sexual offending/victimization histories were based on information collected from regular meetings rather than intake files or initial interviews; offenders' age, socioeconomic status (SES), and social desirability were examined to avoid potential confounds of these variables; victim age and gender were analyzed to ensure that comparisons between sibling and nonsibling offenders were not confounded by victim age or gender; and internal consistencies of the variables were verified with a larger clinical sample (n = 209). Adolescent sibling-incest offenders reported significantly more marital discord, parental rejection, physical discipline, negative family atmosphere, and general dissatisfaction with family relationships. Offenders against siblings were also more often victims of childhood sexual abuse and were more likely to have a younger child in their families. Results are discussed with respect to the etiology and treatment of adolescent sibling-incest offenders.
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PMID:Adolescent sibling-incest offenders: differences in family and individual functioning when compared to adolescent nonsibling sex offenders. 766 42

Questionnaires assessing childhood physical abuse (CPA), childhood incest (CI), and parental alcoholism (ACOA) were completed by 253 college women from introductory psychology classes at a large midwestern university. The relationship between these variables and the level of depression, self-esteem and involvement with physically abusive, sexually assaultive, sexually coercive, and chemically dependent partners was assessed. Support was found for an additive model of trauma that predicted a relationship between number of childhood traumas and adult outcomes. Limited support was found for a specificity model of trauma that predicted that specific childhood trauma would be predictive of parallel negative adult outcomes.
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PMID:The interpersonal and psychological functioning of women who experienced childhood physical abuse, incest, and parental alcoholism. 780 92

Standardized symptom measures were used to determine the effect of childhood trauma experiences on adults sexually victimized as children. One hundred eighty-eight sexually abused individuals were tested for mean scores for depression, self-esteem, general levels of trauma symptoms, sexual dysfunction, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and dissociation. Childhood traumatic experiences (parents fighting, physical abuse by father or by mother, other childhood traumas) of a nonsexual nature correlated with increased symptom levels and accounted for significant changes in percentage of variance ranging from 5.2% (general trauma symptoms) to 12.3% (posttraumatic stress disorder). Even after controlling for nonsexual-abuse trauma, sexual trauma in childhood continued to contribute significantly to increased adult symptom levels. Variables tested included number of perpetrators; incest; age of first abuse; whether force, bribes, or threats were used by the perpetrator; and penetration. The use of force was the single most significant individual sexual abuse variable. Sexual abuse as a whole contributed significantly to all the symptom measures with the most change in variance noted for dissociation (20.5%). Gender contributed significant differences only for sexual dysfunction when men scored significantly worse.
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PMID:Effects of childhood trauma on psychological functioning in adults sexually abused as children. 811 74

Evidence from the house mouse (Mus) suggests that the extreme diversity of genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) results from three different forms of selection involving infectious disease (pestilence), inbreeding (incest) and MHC-based mating (sexual) preferences. MHC-based disassortative mating preferences are presumed to have evolved because they reduce homozygosity throughout the genome, and particularly within loci linked to the MHC. Progeny derived from such disassortative matings would enjoy increased fitness because of both reduced levels of inbreeding depression and increased resistance to infectious disease arising from their increased MHC heterozygosity.
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PMID:Evolution of MHC genetic diversity: a tale of incest, pestilence and sexual preference. 812 7

I conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the impact of a history of rape and/or incest on the posthysterectomy experience. The sample consisted of 92 women recovering from elective hysterectomies. They were interviewed at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after their operations. The Derogotis Sexual Functioning Index, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, and two hysterectomy-related questionnaires were administered. An analysis of variance compared abused with nonabused women on their sexual functioning, depression level, and satisfaction with their hysterectomy decision. Abused women had a significantly (p < .05) higher level of depression in the first year after the hysterectomy but not in the second year after the operation. Results suggest the need for expanded preoperative sexual history assessments and interventions and also to define areas for further research.
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PMID:The impact of a history of rape and incest on the posthysterectomy experience. 870 97

An intervention, with forgiveness toward their abuser as the goal, was implemented with 12 female incest survivors. The women, from a midwestern city, were 24 to 54 years old, and all were Caucasian. A yoked, randomized experimental and control group design was used. The participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (receiving the forgiveness intervention immediately) or a waiting-list control group (receiving the intervention when their matched experimental counterpart finished the intervention). Each participant met individually with the intervener once per week. The average length of the intervention for the 12 participants was 14.3 months. A process model of forgiveness was used as the focus of intervention. Dependent variables included forgiveness, self-esteem, hope, psychological depression, and state-trait anxiety scales. After the intervention, the experimental group gained more than the control group in forgiveness and hope and decreased significantly more than the control group in anxiety and depression. When the control group then began the program they showed similar change patterns to the above, as well as in self-esteem improvement.
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PMID:Forgiveness as an intervention goal with incest survivors. 891 27

"Recovered memory therapy" for eating disorders and other psychiatric conditions seeks to help the patient recover repressed memories of childhood sexual abuse and other traumatic experiences. Through this technique, it is hoped that the patient can work through these experiences to achieve relief from shame, body dissatisfaction, and symptoms of depression and eating disorders. However, this method was questioned in the recent Ramona case, where a father successfully sued two therapists and a hospital for allegedly implanting false memories of childhood sexual abuse in his bulimic daughter. The testimony and verdict in this case recall the principle of primum non nocere: Although it is clearly reasonable to consider an unproven therapeutic technique in an attempt to relieve human suffering, the potential risk of the technique--in this case the possible induction of false incest memories--must be weighed carefully against the technique's expected benefits.
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PMID:"Recovered memory" therapy for eating disorders: implications of the Ramona verdict. 893 52


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