Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this article, we present data obtained with the psychosocial interview instrument, HEADSS (Home, Education, Activities, Drug use and abuse, Sexual behavior, Suicidality and depression) that was administered to High Risk Youth Clinic clients at their initial visits during a 1-year period. Of the 1,015 new patients, 63% were homeless/runaway youths and 37% were living with their families. Utilizing the HEADSS interview instrument, we compared homeless/runaway youths to nonhomeless youths in a number of areas, including risks for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Our results showed that homeless teens tended to be younger, female, and white compared to their nonhomeless counterparts. They were more likely to have dropped out of school and were far more likely to be depressed and actively suicidal. They demonstrated all forms of drug abuse. They engaged in first sexual intercourse at an earlier age, and experienced a higher incidence of sexual abuse and prostitution. They were 6 times more likely to be at risk for HIV infection.
 ...
PMID:HEADSS, a psychosocial risk assessment instrument: implications for designing effective intervention programs for runaway youth. 177 92

The malignant proliferations are induced by a multitude of etiological factors and possible pathogenic mechanisms. Three new clinical cases and other four previously reported cases of haematological malignant proliferations occurring during the evolution of some chronic reactive inflammatory processes due to various forms of immune deficit are discussed. A review of the literature and of the opinions regarding the pathogenic mechanism responsible for the occurrence and growth of malignant proliferations, especially in the cases with inborn or acquired immunodeficiency, are also included. The authors' pathogenic hypothesis for the cases with various acquired immune deficits and with secondary infectious or allergic reactions is that altered immune responses made possible a lasting antigenic stimulation of certain cell clones of the reactive inflammatory process. By this excessive demand, and instability of the genes has occurred and during their rearrangement a mutation with the depression of an oncogene, responsible for malignant growth, has resulted.
 ...
PMID:[Chronic reactive inflammations in the etiopathogenesis of malignant hematologic proliferations]. 182 29

Studies have shown that a proportion of patients with severe chronic infection due to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lack antibody to a component of EBV nuclear antigen. However, it is not clear whether this circumstance is one of cause or effect in regard to the pathogenesis of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS); it is clearly not pathognomonic since it also occurs in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus and--rarely--in those with other EBV-related conditions. Stress and depression may be other pathogenetic mechanisms that could reactivate EBV and lead to CFS; examples of this phenomenon are given. The syndrome might also follow certain other viral infections as part of a process that has been called postinfectious neurasthenia. Currently, the cause(s) and cure of CFS, a common and distressing syndrome, are enigmatic and require multidisciplinary study.
 ...
PMID:Chronic fatigue syndrome: thoughts on pathogenesis. 185 May 44

46 subjects infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were followed up to determine psychiatric morbidity, both prior to and after information regarding their HIV status was revealed to them. Among these patients, 4 had AIDS syndrome while 42 individuals were HIV carriers. The preinformation morbidity in the AIDS group included 2 individuals who presented with delirium and 1 with an adjustment disorder. The psychiatric diagnosis among the HIV carriers revealed 1 patient with major depression, 4 with adjustment disorders, and 4 with alcohol dependence syndrome. The additional morbidity after the diagnosis was revealed and included major depression and adjustment disorders which could be managed by psychological intervention and counseling in most instance. The individual who later developed major depression committed suicide. The study, though preliminary in nature, suggests that it may be beneficial to include psychiatric management as past of the general care of individuals with HIV infection.
 ...
PMID:Psychiatric morbidity in HIV infected individuals. 185 20

Patients at various stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection require rehabilitation services. These patients present problems for each of the disciplines in a rehabilitation team, and all team members must confront the psychosocial and ethical issues involved with the disease. Patients with HIV infection may have polyneuropathy with multisystem involvement, including dysphagia, autonomic dysfunction, respiratory failure, bowel and bladder dysfunction, generalized weakness, a painful sensory neuropathy, and depression. Guidelines are presented for determining if inpatient rehabilitation or other settings are appropriate. Case management is a valuable strategy for the rehabilitation of patients with this complicated disorder.
 ...
PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus infection and diffuse polyneuropathy. Implications for rehabilitation medicine. 186 48

Depression or psychosis in a previously asymptomatic individual infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be psychogenic, related to brain involvement by the HIV or both. Although prognosis and treatment differ depending on etiology, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are usually unrevealing in early HIV encephalopathy and therefore cannot differentiate it from psychogenic conditions. Thirty of 32 patients (94%) with HIV encephalopathy had single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) findings that differed from the findings in 15 patients with non-HIV psychoses and 6 controls. SPECT showed multifocal cortical and subcortical areas of hypoperfusion. In 4 cases, cognitive improvement after 6-8 weeks of zidovudine (AZT) therapy was reflected in amelioration of SPECT findings. CT remained unchanged. SPECT may be a useful technique for the evaluation of HIV encephalopathy.
 ...
PMID:Single-photon emission computed tomography in human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy: a preliminary report. 186 65

Many current health status instruments either are too long to use in many acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) clinical trials or omit important concepts. In this study, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-relevant items developed for the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) from subscales for cognitive function, energy/fatigue, health distress, and a single quality of life item were added to a portion of the MOS Short-form General Health Survey. The resulting 30-item questionnaire reliably and distinctly measured ten aspects of health and took less than 5 minutes to complete. To test its validity, this modified measure was used to compare the health of 73 subjects with asymptomatic HIV infection and 44 with early AIDS-related complex (ARC). Compared with ARC subjects, asymptomatic individuals reported superior overall health, less pain, and better physical function, role function, cognitive function, and quality of life (rank-sum, P less than 0.02). Asymptomatic subjects' scores were higher on most subscales than the age-adjusted scores of MOS outpatients with hypertension, diabetes, recent myocardial infarction, or depression; ARC patients scored closest to hypertensive patients. This instrument, containing a subset of the MOS measures of health-related quality of life, may be a useful outcome measure for AIDS clinical trials.
 ...
PMID:A health status questionnaire using 30 items from the Medical Outcomes Study. Preliminary validation in persons with early HIV infection. 187 45

It is evident that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is one of the most serious public health issues in decades. HIV infection compromises cell-mediated immunity which ultimately may result in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS, to date, remains an incurable and progressively fatal disorder. HIV infection is spreading beyond the originally identified high-prevalence groups of gay/bisexual males, intravenous drug abusers, and recipients of infected blood or blood products. Today, more and more heterosexual males, women, adolescents, and children have been infected with this lethal virus. This report addresses some of the psychiatric complications associated with HIV infection and discusses the diagnostic and clinical management challenges that clinicians must face as they deal with the increasing population of HIV-infected patients. Depression, anxiety, psychosis, delirium, and dementia are commonly encountered disorders associated with HIV spectrum disorders which must be accurately identified and can be effectively managed with psychopharmacological interventions.
 ...
PMID:Psychopharmacotherapy of psychiatric syndromes in asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV infection. 192 28

Neuropsychological and psychometric investigations have sometimes attested to and sometimes denied the existence of cognitive perturbations during the early phases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (stages II and III of the CDC classification): strictly asymptomatic seropositivity or generalized lymphadenopathy. Therein lies the basis of the debate concerning the neurotropism of the virus and its deleterious effects on the central nervous system (CNS). We hoped to contribute to the resolution of this discussion by recording late evoked auditory potentials, which are composed of two types of components: exogenous responses attesting to the reception of stimuli by specific sensory areas of the CNS, regardless of their informative value for the subject; and endogenous responses that occur later, appearing when the subject is required to distinguish between different stimuli, for example, counting high-pitched sounds randomly distributed among low-pitched ones. The latter responses, which have been most extensively studied for wave P300, are associated with cognitive functions, and alterations of the evoked cognitive potentials have been observed during the course of demential syndromes of various origins. Fifteen individuals were subjected to the protocol for recording long-latency, evoked auditory potentials. These studies were completed by a battery of psychometric tests, two methods for evaluating depression and an assessment of the anxiety level. The results showed a significant lengthening of the latency of wave P300 in the seropositive subjects. This prolongation also affected one of the exogenous components, i.e., wave P2. In addition, their intelligence quotients, regardless of whether the IQ explores the so-called crystallized component or the fluid component of intelligence, were not significantly different from those of the general population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Cognitive evoked potentials at the stages II and III of human immunodeficiency virus infection]. 192 56

For many years tuberculosis has been known to occur with greater frequency among persons with disorders that impair host defenses. In most instances these processes interfere with the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, whereas, in a few, such as silicosis, the probable abnormality is a nonimmune defect in macrophage function. Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes progressive and ultimately profound depression of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity and, thus, is an extremely potent risk-factor for tuberculosis. Presumably the major effect of HIV infection that predisposes persons to developing tuberculosis is the reduction in circulating T-helper (CD4+) lymphocytes which causes a reduction in cytokine production and a consequent decrease in the functional capabilities of macrophages. However, a number of questions concerning pathogenesis of tuberculosis related to HIV remain. Available data suggest that the magnitude of the risk for developing tuberculosis among persons infected with both HIV and M. tuberculosis is very high, 8% in one prospective study. Because of the epidemic of HIV infection, the progressive downward trend in the incidence of tuberculosis in the United States has reversed and in 1989 there was a 5% increase in the number of cases. Preliminary data for 1990 suggest that there will be an 8 to 10% increase over 1989. Also in the United States approximately 3% of tuberculosis patients have been found to be HIV seropositive. The clinical features of tuberculosis in patients with HIV infection vary depending on the degree of immunosuppression. With mild immunosuppression early in the course of HIV infection tuberculosis presents in a "typical" way with positive tuberculin skin tests, upper lobe cavitary infiltrates on chest film and positive sputum smears and cultures. As the HIV infection progresses, the mode of presentation of tuberculosis becomes more "atypical" with negative skin tests, multiple sites of involvement, chest films showing diffuse noncavitary infiltrates often accompanied by intrathoracic lymphadenopathy. The key to diagnosis is maintaining a high index of suspicion for tuberculosis, especially in patients with advanced HIV disease and including appropriate laboratory examinations in the evaluations of such persons. Regardless of the stage of HIV infection the response to treatment for tuberculosis is generally favorable if it is begun promptly. Standard therapy utilizing isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide with or without ethambutol have been associated with high rates of cure. Relapse has been uncommon. There has been, however, at least one outbreak of tuberculosis caused by isoniazid and rifampin resistant organisms in which the response to therapy was very poor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Clinical features, diagnoses, and management of tuberculosis in immunocompromised hosts. 194 27


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>