Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 5-year-old girl with a history of recurrent infection and anaemia has no measurable purine nucleoside phosphorylase (N.P.) activity in her red blood-cells. Her serum-immunoglobulin levels are normal, as are her antibody responses to thymus dependent and independent antigens. However, she has severe lymphopenia, pronounced depression of lymphocyte response to mitogenic and allogeneic cell stimuli, and greatly decreased T-cell rosette formation. Her parents are second cousins; their red cells contain less than half the normal level of N.P. activity. They also share an unusual N.P. isozyme pattern indicative of molecular hybridisation between catalytically active and inactive subunits, which strongly supports the assumption that they are heterozygous and their daughter is homozygous for a "silent" allele at the N.P. gene locus. Inherited deficiency of adenosine deaminase, an enzyme catalysing a reaction only one metabolic step away from that of N.P., is known to cause immunodeficiency. It is therefore very likely that this patient's lack of demonstrable N.P. activity is responsible for her syndrome.
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PMID:Nucleoside-phosphorylase deficiency in a child with severely defective T-cell immunity and normal B-cell immunity. 4 76

Cellular and humoral immune reactivity to primary and secondary challenge with tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid and keyhole limpet hemocyanin was studied in normal dogs and canine bone marrow chimeras prepared for marrow grafting by lethal doses of cyclophosphamide. Short-term chimeras (less than 100 days postgrafting) showed general impairment of immune function as indicated by marked depression of skin test reactivity, lymphocyte blastogenesis in vitro and antibody formation. Long-term chimeras (more than 100 days post-grafting) demonstrated gradual improvement of immunologic capacity related to the stage of postgrafting. Prolonged immunoincompetence was suggested by decreased lymphocyte proliferation in vitro in response to stimulation with tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and by incomplete conversion from 19S to 7S antibody synthesis. Lymphocyte blastogenesis to specific antigens may prove a useful parameter for the in vitro evaluation of defects in cell-mediated immunity following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Our findings of prolonged immunodeficiency in the preclinical canine model point out the necessity for vigilance in early detection and treatment of infection and underline the importance of approaches aimed at accelerating immunologic reconstitution.
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PMID:In vitro and in vivo immune response to specific antigens in canine marrow graft recipients. 7 95

The first part of the paper outlines the actual situation of the recent investigations on the interpretative problem of the immunological deficits combined with enzymatic deficits. ADA deficit associated with combined immunodeficiency is an autosomal recessive form. Low enzyme levels, which is produced by a structural gene located on chromosome 20, were detected in chronic lymphatic leukemias where ADA decrease is correlated to low levels of T lymphocytes and the prevalence of an atypical B lymphocyte population. Particularly high levels of ADA were detected in acute lymphoblastic leukemias, in transplant rejection, in blastic crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia... NP deficit is associated with a T branch immunodeficiency, with high levels of inosine, guanosine, hypouricemia, hypochromic microcythemia and hematopoietic tissue megaloblastosis. This enzyme, with trimeric structure, whose structural gene is located on chromosome 14, shows a cytoplasmic location, and its maximum activity is to be found in T lymphocytes separated by rosetting. IGPT deficit is to be held responsible for the neurological Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. This deficit is associated with a depression of B lymphocyte function evaluated as response to the mitogens (PWM, Protein A) or as specific immunoglobulins production. At last the Authors report some personal investigations performed on hemolysates and lymphocytes of subjects with impaired immunity, as well as on some children at birth to establish the correlation between ADA and NP behaviour and immunosurveillance. Lastly, the data on the variations of the enzymatic and immunological parameters of subjects with immunodeficiency associated to enzymopenia after red cell transfusion are reported.
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PMID:[Immunodeficiencies and enzyme deficiencies]. 10 63

The immunopotentiating effect of levamisole was assessed in a double-blind trial in two comparable groups of patients with Down's syndrome, with which the immunodeficiency and susceptibility to infection are known to be associated. One group was given levamisole continuously and at the same dose for 16 weeks, and the other group was given placebo tablets. A checklist was designed to record the type, frequency, and duration of all infections which occurred in the patients, and delayed type hypersensitivity responses to various antigens were measured. There were no differences between the two groups in body weight, number of intercurrent infections, duration of illness, nor was there any change in degree of depression or cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity. These findings, taken with claims of success in some patients and failure in others, suggest that levamisole is not a general immunopotentiating agent, although it may have a specific site (or sites) of action on the immune system. If levamisole is to be used more selectively, this action needs to be characterized.
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PMID:Levamisole: lack of immunopotentiation in a controlled trial. 15 Apr 87

Infections of children with malignant disease, especially of the lympho-reticular system, are characterized by their severity, with a high mortality, as a consequence of defective immunocompetence. According to the immunosurveillance theory, temporary immune defects could have even facilitated the malignant growth. The neoplastic disease itself contributes to the immunodeficiency by multiple mechanisms. The powerful cytostatic-cytocidal drugs reduce the immune response also, especially in the phases of bone marrow depression. Granulocytopenia shows the most significant correlation with the incidence of serious infections. The different forms of hospital infections have been reviewed and classified as 1. bacterial, fungal and, rarely, (but most dangerous) protozoal infections, 2. endogenous infections with the patient's own anaerobic intestinal flora and 3. viral infections. The perspectives of up-to-date chemotherapy and management of the immunodeficiency e.g. with leucocyte transfusions, and attempts to prevent infection are discussed.
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PMID:[Infections in children with malignant disease (author's transl)]. 51 38

Two cases of immunodeficiency with increased IgM are reported. Patient 1 was a black male 3.5 years old who had recurrent pyogenic infections, failure to thrive, oral thrush, and systemic cryptococcal infection. Patient 2 was a 9-year-old white female who had recurrent cervical abscesses. Serum immunoglobulin determinations by radial immunodiffusion in both patients showed marked depression of IgG and IgA and marked elevation of IgM. A low molecular weight circulating monomeric IgM was demonstrated by immunoelectrophoresis and gel filtration in the second patient; this was not present in the first case. In vitro impairment of cellular immunity was observed in both patients. Administration of dialyzable leukocyte extracts (transfer factor) led to improvement of cell-mediated immunity in patient 1. The etiology of this syndrome apparently has several different genetic bases. These patients demonstrate heterogeneity in genetic, ethnic, immunologic, and other features of the syndrome.
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PMID:X-linked immunodeficiency with increased IgM: clinical, ethnic, and immunologic heterogeneity. 72 95

Sub-lethal i.v. inoculations of Candida albicans into 12-day-old chick embryos have been shown to cause a depression of follicle formation in the bursa of Fabricius. This depression occurred in the absence of any infection in the bursa, although candidal encephalitis was a frequent manifestation of the disseminated infection. A similar depression of bursal follicle formation was caused by the administration of viable C. albicans on to the embryonic chorio-allantoic membrane, in the absence of any disseminated infection. Non-viable extracts of disrupted C. albicans administered on to the chorioallantoic membrane also caused a depression of bursal follicle formation. This immunodeficiency produced by an endotoxin-like principle at a susceptible stage in the development of the chick has been considered in terms of human immunological development and the neonatal occurrence of C. albicans.
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PMID:Depression of bursal follicle formation by Candida albicans infections. 78 98

We investigated the effects of two behavioral interventions--aerobic exercise and cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM)--on Epstein-Barr virus viral capsid antigen (EBV-VCA) and human herpesvirus type-6 (HHV-6) antibody modulation in 65 asymptomatic gay men measured at several time points in the 5 weeks preceding and following notification of their human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) serostatus. After accounting for potential immunomodulatory confounds, we found that HIV-1 seropositive men had higher EBV-VCA antibody titers than those diagnosed as seronegative at every time point during the study; however, no significant differences were found with respect to HHV-6. Among HIV-1 seropositive and seronegative subjects, respectively, those randomized to either behavioral intervention had significant decreases in both EBV-VCA and HHV-6 antibody titers over the course of the intervention as compared with assessment-only controls (of HIV-1 seropositive and seronegative status) whose antibody titers did not significantly change and which remained consistently higher than either serostatus-matched intervention group over subsequent time points, independent of total immunoglobulin G levels and degree of polyclonal B cell activation. In attempting to explain serostatus differences in EBV and HHV-6 values, it was found that HIV-1 seropositive men had significantly lower CD4 cells, CD4:CD8 ratio, and blastogenic response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), as well as significantly higher CD8 cells at baseline. No significant differences were found between the HIV-1 seropositive and seronegative men with respect to anxiety and depression at baseline. Since the greatest changes in EBV and HHV-6 occurred between baseline and week 10, we correlated changes in immune (CD4, CD8, CD4:CD8 ratio, PHA stimulation) and distress-related markers (state depression and anxiety) with EBV and HHV-6 change scores over this time period. No significant correlations were found between any of these immune- or distress-related variable and the antibody change scores suggesting that the mechanisms by which EBV and HHV-6 antibodies are being modulated by these interventions possibly involve other, yet to be determined, immune, neuroendocrine, and/or psychologic variables.
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PMID:Psychosocial modulation of antibody to Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigen and human herpesvirus type-6 in HIV-1-infected and at-risk gay men. 132 Feb 79

We present the results of an investigation into the effects of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection on the response to mitogens and cytokine production in the first month of infection. We were able to demonstrate a depression of response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to the mitogens concanavalin A, phytohaemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen, with the response to pokeweed mitogen being most severely affected. The response of the cells of the spleen were affected by 10 days post infection and these could not be augmented by the addition of exogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2). The response of mesenteric lymph node cells was not affected until 20 days post infection and this could be partially restored by the addition of exogenous IL-2. IL-2 production was unaffected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, slightly depressed in mesenteric lymph node cells and slightly elevated in spleen cells. Tumor necrosis factor levels were significantly elevated with respect to controls within 10 days of infection. These studies suggest that there are a number of changes in the immune response of FIV infected cats early in infection and this may determine the subsequent outcome of the infection.
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PMID:Decreased mitogen responsiveness and elevated tumor necrosis factor production in cats shortly after feline immunodeficiency virus infection. 133 2

This study compared 74 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative and 131 HIV-positive asymptomatic homosexual or bisexual men on an extensive neuropsychological test battery. HIV-positive subjects' performance was significantly worse on verbal memory and psychomotor skills. The prevalence of mild but persistent neurobehavioral impairment in the HIV-positive group was approximately twice that in HIV-negative patients, consistently across several criteria for impairment. There was evidence that degree of neuropsychological impairment was related to patients' perceptions of dysfunction in daily life. Findings were not related to degree of depression or to medication effects. These data suggest that approximately 10% to 20% of HIV-positive asymptomatic men suffer mild neuropsychological impairment that influences their daily lives.
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PMID:Neuropsychological performance in asymptomatic HIV infection. 804 47


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