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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Experimental investigations of the pial vessels during acutely drug-induced hypertension revealed diffuse or sausage-like distension of arterioles. Degree and type of reactions depended on blood pressure characteristics like steepness of increase, percentual increase, duration and peak value in this order. Such vasodistension is interpreted as mechanical overwhelming of smooth muscle force within the arteriolar wall during acute increase of intraluminal pressure. Clinical consequences of these results are: Vasodilators as well as sedatives with respiratory depression are contraindicated for patients with hypertensive crises. Data also make readily apparent, that short lasting acute hypertension may be fatal for patients with preexisting disturbances of blood-brain barrier function as it accelerates the development of brain edema.
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PMID:[Experimental data on the pathogenesis of hypertensive encephalopathy]. 51 Oct 79

Numerous community drinking water sources have elevated levels of both sodium and lead. Recently reported studies have indicated that elevated levels of sodium in drinking water may be a facter in the development of elevated blood pressure. The question of how elevated levels of lead may affect sodium induced elevated blood pressure is addressed. The hypothesis is developed which states that elevated levels of lead exposure will not interact with sodium to enhance the development of renin angiotensin aldosterone related hypertension but in fact may even diminish the effects of exposure to elevated amounts of sodium on blood pressure through a depression of plasma renin activity.
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PMID:Does exposure to elevated levels of lead enhance sodium induced hypertension? 51 19

This study examined the effects of essential hypertension on measures of anxiety and depression for two age groups of hypertensive (free from hypertension-related pathology and/or cardiovascular disease) and normotensive subjects. Hypertensive subjects had significantly higher State Anxiety scores and Zung Depression scores than did normotensive subjects. These differences between the blood pressure groups were due largely to the scores of the younger hypertensive subjects. The results of the present study are consistent with previous results from our laboratory that have found that younger hypertensives differed (relative to controls) from middle aged hypertensives on measures, such as, symptoms reported on the Cornell Medical Index and WAIS Performance scores. The results of the present study were discussed within the context of age associated differences in response to hypertension and factors that might account for these differences.
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PMID:Anxiety and depression in young and middle aged hypertensive and normotensive subjects. 52 Mar 72

Aqueous solutions of salts of ioxitalamic acid were infected by intravenous, intracarotid, proximal intra-aortic, and intrafemoral route. We observed cardiovascular effects of small magnitude and short duration. They are composed of hypotension (intravenous and intracarotid route), hypotension followed by hypertension (intra-aortic route), changes of LVP, dLVP/dt and contractile strength parallel with those in blood pressure, bradycardia, increased femoral blood flow. Several factors seemed to be involved in the mechanism of these effects: vagal reflex, transient myocardial depression, peripheral vasodilating effect, increased volaemia. By all routes of administration used, the infection of non-iodinated solutions [NaCl, glucose, methylglucamine (MGL) and monoethanolamine (MEA) hydrochloride] of the same osmolarity as ioxitalamate solution, resulted in similar effects.
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PMID:Pharmacological investigation of cardiovascular and haemodynamic effects of salts of ioxitalamic acid in anaesthetized dogs. 57 60

A 4-year-old boy had hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) associated with depression of serum C3 level, a B-hemolytic streptococcal throat infection, and an elevated level of antistreptolysin O titer. In addition to the characteristic histologic changes associated with this syndrome, substantial infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and nodular deposits of C3 globulin were seen in the glomeruli of the first biopsy specimen. Two months after clinical remission, he had a recurrence of hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. The serum C3 concentration had decreased again, and serum C3NeF was detected in the serum. The typical changes associated with HUS were still present on electron microscopy. Bilateral nephrectomy and renal transplantation were done because of the development of uncontrollable severe hypertension and increasing azotemia. This patient had three manifestations of HUS, but because of several differences, such as hypocomplementemia, serum C3NeF, a recurrence, and persistent glomerular deposits of C3 globulin, he appears to have had a different form of the syndrome.
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PMID:Hemolytic uremic syndrome with hypocomplementemia, serum C3NeF, and glomerular deposits of C3. 57 89

The mechanical and hemodynamic components of a cardiogenic hypertensive chemoreflex were studied in 50 dogs. Within 6 seconds after a single injection of serotonin (100 microgram/ml) into the left atrium, mean pressure (mm Hg) rose in the aorta from 103 to 197 and in the pulmonary artery from 21 to 34. Left ventricular dp/dt virtually doubled. There was an increase (75%) in peripheral vascular resistance that returned to control within 10 seconds. There was no significant change in pulmonary vascular resistance. Aortic and pulmonary arterial hypertension were associated with a profound depression (82%) in atrial force. Atropine transformed this negative inotropic effect on the atria into a positive inotropic action that averaged 65%. In contrast, ventricular force was always sharply increased, more in the right (95%) than in the left ventricle (50%). Bilateral stellectomy did not eliminate the reflex but it completely abolished the initial increase of cardiac contractility; a delayed increase in contractility persisted and was due exclusively to release of catecholamines from the adrenal glands. This cardiogenic hypertensive chemoreflex uses the vagus for its afferent neural traffic and both the sympathetic and the vagus nerves for its efferent route. The brief and intense systemic vasoconstriction concomitant with an increase in cardiac contractility might represent a kind of "aortic cough." Some possible clinical implications are discussed.
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PMID:Hemodynamic components of a cardiogenic hypertensive chemoreflex in dogs. 61 94

Although many patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have a positive exercise test without pain, the frequency and significance of this "silent" ischemia is unclear. Therefore, we studied 122 consecutive clinically stable patients with angiographically defined CAD (greater than 75 per cent luminal stenosis) and a positive exercise test. Seventy-eight patients had pain or anginal equivalent during or after a positive exercise test; 44 did not, including 32 (26 per cent) with no symptoms at all. Patients were evaluated as to age, sex, prior myocardial infarction, congestive failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and digoxin or propranolol therapy--in addition to anginal symptoms before, during, or after the exercise itself. Extent of CAD, presence of collaterals, and left ventricular ejection fraction were also determined. All exercise tests were evaluated for evidence of ST-T abnormalities or prior infarction on the control ECG as well as peak heart rate during exercise and post-exercise degree of ST segment depression. There were no significant differences between patients with and without exercise-induced pain in regard to any of the clinical and angiographic features noted above, demonstrating that "silent" myocardial ischemia during or after exercise testing is not uncommon and is not readily attributable to any obvious clinical or catheterization findings. Further studies are necessary to determine if patients with evidence of "silent" myocardial ischemia are especially prone to sudden death.
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PMID:"Silent" myocardial ischemia during and after exercise testing in patients with coronary artery disease. 63 80

Retinal depression, a newly observed sign, has been observed as an abnormality in the reflection from the internal limiting lamina produced by depression of the inner surface of the retina after a small retinal infarct. These depressions were first observed in 16 patients with sickling hemoglobinopathies. Additionally, I examined a patient with systemic hypertension, a patient with retinal arteriolitis, and a patient with juvenile onset diabetes mellitus who also had retinal depression.
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PMID:Retinal depression sign indicating a small retinal infarct. 67 32

The purpose of the study was to determine the early haemodynamic effects of injectable acebutolol and to study in parallel the changes in plasma renin activity (P.R.A.) in 11 patients, most of whom were affected with labile arterial hypertension. The haemodynamic measurements and P.R.A. determinations were carried out before and 5 and 15 mn after very slow intravenous injection of 10 mg acebutolol. The results obtained under these conditions were as follows: 1) Decrease in cardiac index (I.C.). It was particularly significant after 5 mn, since the I.C. decreased from 4.43 to 3.75 1/mm (p less than .01). It was essentially due to a decrease in heart rate, that fell from 90.45 to 77 beats/mn (p less than .001), while stroke volume changed virtually not. 2) Decrease in blood pressure, more marked on systolic blood pressure (110 mm Hg after 15 mn as against 154 mm Hg before injection; p less than .001), associated with a decrease in left ventricular work (4.7 kgm/mn/m2 after 5 mn as against 6.2 kgm/mn/m2 before injection; p less than .001), without significant changes in total systemic arterial resistances. 3) Increase in diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure (10.4 mm Hg after 5 mn against 8.09 mm Hg before injection; p less than .001), testifying to a slight left ventricular myocardial depression. 4) Decrease in supine P.R.A. level (0.72 nanogram/1/mn after 5 mn as against 1.15 nanogram/1/min before injection; p less than .01). A significant correlation was found between this decrease in P.R.A. and that in I.C., testifying to a close parallelism between the inhibition of cardiac beta-1 receptors and that of the receptors involved in renine secretion. 5) The tolerance of injectable acebutolol appeared to us to be excellent.
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PMID:[Hemodynamic effects and effects on plasma renin activity of injectable acebutolol in arterial hypertension]. 76 6

A brief survey of the literature on the side effects of oral contraceptives is given. Of the many influences on laboratory results those related to (reversible) cholestasis or to a change in protein synthesis are the most important ones. A decrease of the tolerance for glucose is sometimes observed. Few of the clinical side effects attributed to oral contraceptives can be directly correlated with the pharmaceutical action of these drugs. Many so-called side effects of the pill are due to other factors such as altered psychosociological or sexual behavior, etc. However, among users of oral contraceptives there is a significant decrease in the number of benign tumors, particularly of the breast, the uterus and the ovaries. It is still an open question if this also signifies protection against cancer. Anemias due to iron deficiency are less frequent among users of the pill. According to recent studies arterial hypertension and cholecystopathies are probably directly related to oral contraceptives, but a causal relation has not been proven for migraine, headaches, depression etc. An elevated risk for vascular complications seems to be well established: there is a 4-6-fold increase of the estimated risk for venous thrombo-embolism and a 4-9-fold increase for cerebrovascular accidents among users of oral contraceptives when compared with nonpregnant women of the same age not using the pill. Oral contraceptives act as a supplementary factor of risk which may cumulate with other similar factors, such as arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, overweight, smoking etc. Mortality due to oral contraceptives is very much 10-50 x) inferior to the one caused by delivery and the post partum state. Since the number of failures in prevention of pregnancies is less for oral contraceptives than for any other method of contraception, the overall risk of death under oral contraceptives in this age group of women is least.
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PMID:[Real and seeming side-effects of oral contraceptives with an emphasis on medical and haematological problems. Review of literature (author's transl)]. 79 Mar 74


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