Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intravenous dose-response relationships were used to correlate neuromuscular paralysis with the effects of fazadinium (AH 8165) on autonomic mechanisms in anaesthetized cats and rhesus monkeys and with cardiovascular effects in man. In cats and monkeys neuromuscular paralysis of the twitch responses of the gastrocnemius muscle by fazadinium was accompanied by impairment of the vagally induced bradycardia, but cardiovascular disturbances were small. Blockade of sympathetic mechanisms and hypotension were only evident with supra-maximal doses. In man tachycardia was a common occurrence and in some patients hypertension occurred with doses of the drug needed for complete neuromuscular paralysis. Fazadinium was three to four times more potent in rhesus monkeys than in cats and its course of action was considerably longer. The potency of the drug in man corresponded more closely to that in cats than in rhesus monkeys but its course of action in patients was similar to that in monkeys. In man, dose-response curves were constructed for the contractions of the adductor pollicis muscles elicited by tetanic and single twitch stimuli applied to the corresponding ulnar nerves. The onset of paralysis of the tetanic contractions after the intravenous injection of fazadinium (0.4 mg/kg) occurred within two minutes, but recovery was slow and about 50 minutes were needed for its completion. Depression of the simultaneously recorded twitch responses was less marked, slower in onset and recovery was slightly more rapid. These effects were similar to those obtained with tubocurarine (0.2 mg/kg) but the action of fazadinium was slightly shorter. Tetanic-tension ratios were computed after 30 and 50 per cent recovery from neruomuscular blockade in man. These ratios were lower with fazadinium than with tubocurarine and indicated taht tetanic fade was greater and more persistent after fazadinium than after tubocurarine.
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PMID:Studies on fazadinium bromide (ah 8165): a new non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. 0 78

The effect of timolol versus propranolol on hypertension, hemodynamics, and plasms renin activity was evaluated in 20 men. After two weeks of placebo, 11 men received timolol 30 to 60 mg daily, and nine men received propranolol, 240 to 480 mg daily, for five weeks in a double-blind randomized study. The 20 men then received placebo again for two weeks. Right heart catheterization was performed in all 20 patients after two weeks of the first placebo and after five weeks of timolol or propranolol. Equipotent doses of timolol and propranolol were equally effective in significantly lowering supine and upright systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate recorded on an outpatient basis. Equipotent doses of timolol and propranolol caused similar hemodynamic effects including similar significant depression of cardiac index. Equipotent doses of timolol and propranolol caused similar marked depression of plasma renin activity. The hypotensive action of timolol and of propranolol was unrelated to their effect on plasma renin activity.
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PMID:Effect of timolol versus propranolol on hypertension and hemodynamics. 0 61

Fentanyl was used in 100 abdominal surgical interventions, combined with droperidol or with diazepan, always with good results as far as analgesia was concerned. Tensional variations that occurred during the induction were quite small and disappeared during the filling up. In the course of the intervention, tensional variations were only met with subjects suffering from high blood pressure. The respiratory depression that went with analgesia did not constitute an obstacle but made it necessary to use artificial ventilation for the intervetion. The awakening was always quick, smooth, without any vomiting and was influenced neither by the time taken up by the intervention nor by the condition of the patient. No residual respiratory depression requiring the use of an anti-morphinic was noted. At the end of the study, fentanyl appears as a powerful analgesic, easy to use and successful in all the cases of abdominal surgery. Its effect does not last, a drawback that can be avoided by the use of an intravenous drip.
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PMID:[Value of moderate fentanyl dosage during anesthesis in abdominal surgery. Apropos of 100 cases]. 0 82

Renal prostaglandins have been implicated in the regulation of blood pressure. We have therefore compared prostaglandin metabolism in the kidneys of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR's) of the Aoki-Okamoto strain and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls. The microsomal fraction of the renal medulla contained most of the prostaglandin synthetase activity in both groups; SHR's had significantly higher enzymatic activity than their normotensive controls at age 10 wk and thereafter; furthermore, synthetase activity in SHR's increased with age. Two forms of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenases were demonstrated: an NAD+-dependent form which was localized mainly in the cortex and an NADP+-dependent form, higher in the medulla. The activities of these enzymes were lower in the hypertensive animals at all ages studied; this depression was more pronounced for the NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase. The results indicate that, in hypertension, renal prostaglandin metabolism is altered so that enhanced synthesis is accompanied by decreased degradation rate.
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PMID:Prostaglandin metabolism in the kidneys of spontaneously hypertensive rats. 1 24

Cardiorespiratory reflex responses to laryngeal chemoreceptor stimulation were studied in 62 piglets of both sexes varying in age from 1 to 79 days. The distal trachea was cannulated to provide a free airway and the proximal end used to introduce fluids into the laryngeal area. Introduction of either water or milk produced apnea, bradycardia, and hypertension. Swab application of test fluids to the laryngeal epithelium produced similar responses. The reflex could be interrupted by flushing the laryngeal region with saline, by cutting the superior laryngeal nerves (SLN) or by anesthetizing the laryngeal epithelium with lidocaine. Electrical stimulation of SLN elicited identical responses. Respiratory inhibition by the reflex was enhanced following central depression with chloralose and overridden by administration of the respiratory stimulant, aminophylline. The relative potency of the laryngeal reflex was estimated to be equivalent to about 40% of the dose of chloralose which produced permanent respiratory arrest. It is concluded that in circumstances where respiratory drive is reduced the laryngeal inhibitory reflex is capable of caused persistent apnea and asphyxial death in the young piglet.
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PMID:Properties of the laryngeal chemoreflex in neonatal piglets. 1 25

The single drug therapy of diazepam can be introduced to effectively control convulsions in eclampsia. This treatment will have particular application in rural obstetrics where eclampsia is seen in severe form. The dose schedule of diazepam, as described in this study, shows the therapy to have a stabilizing effect on hypertension and pulse rate. It causes neither respiratory depression nor oliguria. Diazepam is an effective muscle relaxant. Its depressive effect on the newborn is in no way inferior to that of lytic cocktail therapy. The drug is readily available at low cost, even in the remote rural areas, and can be easily administered by any doctor or midwife.
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PMID:Diazepam therapy in eclampsia. 4 87

Beta-blockers have been used in cardiology for the past 15 years in three directions: angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmias, and hypertension. The haemodynamic effects are real: --imposed bradycardia, whether the basal rhythm be sinus or atrial fibrillation; --confirmed myocardial depression which reduces the energy needs of the myocardium; --fall in systolic pressure, the mechanism of which remains open to discussion. The theories explaining these haemodynamic effects are reviewed. The harmful effects of these substances are defined, together with the drug combinations which may avoid or counteract them.
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PMID:[Hemodynamic effects of beta blockers]. 4 34

Cation transport and electrolyte composition were studied in leucocytes from 17 patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension. Significant increases in cell sodium and water contents, associated with a depression of the rate-constant for active sodium efflux, were found in the hypertensive patients. These abnormalities in cell sodium transport may possibly be related to mechanisms of hypertension.
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PMID:Abnormal leucocyte composition and sodium transport in essential hypertension. 4 73

Intraoperative hypertension is a common problem in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization. Twenty patients who developed acute hypertension after sternotomy were studied. Ten patients received three doses of intravenous nitroglycerin (32, 64, and 96 mcg. per minute), and 10 patients received nitroprusside, (20, 40, and 60 mcg. per minute). All patients were anesthetized with morphine, diazepam, nitrous oxide, oxygen, and pancuronium bromide. Five patients in each group also received enflurane. The study compared the effects of nitroglycerin and nitroprusside on systemic hemodynamics, myocardial oxygen supply/demand relationships, and ischemic changes on the electrocardiogram. Both drugs decreased preload and afterload in a dose-related manner. Heart rate increased significantly only with the largest dose of each drug. Myocardial oxygen demand was decreased significantly by both drugs, while the coronary perfusion pressure was decreased more by nitroprusside. Both nitroglycerin and nitroprusside improved left ventricular performance. Nitroglycerin improved ST-segment depression in eight of 10 patients; while nitroprusside improved the ST segments in six patients, and worsened the ST segments in three patients. None of the nitroglycerin group had worsening of the electrocardiographic ST segments. These findings demonstrate that both drugs can control intraoperative hypertension and can decrease myocardial oxygen demand. Nitroglycerin was shown to improve ischemic changes on the electrocardiogram more often than nitroprusside.
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PMID:Vasodilator therapy during coronary artery surgery. Comparison of nitroglycerin and nitroprusside. 10 11

A seven-year follow-up in 1973 of a prospective cardiovascular study of 1820 initially, healthy, middle-aged Chinese men of 40-59 years of age identified 1745 (95.9%) known survivors, 49 (2.7%) interim deaths, and 26 (1.4) who could not be traced. Of the survivors, 1462 (83.8%) were re-examined, 292 (16.7%) had another treadmill test of maximal exercise, and 283 (16.2%) failed to return for re-examination. On the basis of interim surveillance of hospital admissions, questionnaires and re-examination, a greater incidence of noncardiovascular events (338 or 18.6%) than evidence of cardiovascular disease (220 or 12.1%) was found while the majority (1021 or 56.1%) remained healthy. Total mortality was 0.29 for men under 50 and 0.76 per 100 person-years for men of 50 or more years of age. Only nine, or 18.4% of the deaths were due to cardiovascular causes, and unexpectedly for this population sample, only three were attributed to stroke. When cardiovascular morbidity was related to presence of ST depression after maximal exercise, to hypertension at rest by WHO criteria, to both findings, or to absence of either on initial intake examination, incidence increased from 2.3% for NEITHER group, to 5.7% for ST group, to 11.9% for HT group, and to 25.0% for BOTH groups. Re-examination revealed more evidence of cardiovascular disease than did surveillance of hospital admissions. Additional to effects of aging and mild adiposity, longitudinal changes in blood pressure and ST depression, increasing in the NEITHER group, but less frequent in the other groups, showed some evidence of regression toward the mean, as well as emerging disease and the confounding effects of uncontrolled treatment of hypertension in many. The potential for prediction of subsequent cardiovascular morbidity or mortality appeared stronger for hypertension than for postexertional ST depression, although the two were additive in this population, which is more prone to hypertension and stroke but now is developing clinical manifestations of coronary heart disease more frequently.
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PMID:Seven-year follow-up of cardiovascular study and maximal exercise of Chinese men. 12 87


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