Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Physicians need to weigh the efficacy, adverse effects and cost of first-line antihypertensive agents. Calcium channel blockers lower blood pressure, improve coronary blood flow and depress cardiac contractility by relaxing smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. They have beneficial or neutral effects in hypertensive patients with angina, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, postural hypotension, peripheral vascular disease, depression, sexual dysfunction, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The major adverse effect of some calcium channel blockers is that they may worsen congestive heart failure in some patients. Because calcium channel blockers are metabolized in the liver, the dosage must be lowered in the elderly and in patients with hepatic disease. Diltiazem, verapamil and nifedipine represent prototypes of the three classes of calcium channel blockers, each with slightly different effects.
 ...
PMID:Calcium channel blockers in the treatment of hypertension. 836 95

Forty patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) concurrent with hyperlipidemia were divided into 2 groups according to the baseline fibrinolytic activity. The group with the depressed fibrinolytic system displayed the highest atherogenicity index and levels of cholesterol, low and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol and half levels of high density lipoproteins. After 45-day ingestion of docanol, a new Russian food additive containing docosahexanoic and eicosapentaenoic acids there were positive changes in the lipid spectrum in the both groups. The fibrinolytic changes were heterodirectional: activator and plasma activities increased in the group of fibrinolytic depression while in the group of baseline normal fibrinolysis the activity of plasminogen activator fell.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of docanol on the status of hemostasis and fibrinolysis systems, as well as lipid spectrum in patients with ischemic heart disease depending on the initial level of fibrinolytic activity]. 899 61

We evaluated the effect of intravenous diltiazem infusion in 105 noncardiac surgical patients. Subjects were elective surgical patients with coronary artery disease and coronary risk factors which were hypertension (WHO standards), diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia (total cholesterol > or = 220 mg.dl-1), obesity (body mass index : male > or = 26 kg.m-2, female > or = 25) and old age (70 years old or above). The prophylactic intravenous diltiazem infusion (1.0 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) was started immediately after induction of general anesthesia or epidural analgesia and continued until the end of operation. All patients were monitored by ST trend graph during anesthesia, and ischemia pattern was defined as > or = 1 mm ST changes and lasting over 1 min. Ischemic ST-T changes were noted in 4 cases in the operating room. ST depression was noted in 2 cases before starting anesthesia and these 2 cases showed improvement with diltiazem infusion lasting until the end of operation. ST-T changes were noted in 2 cases during surgery and these 2 cases showed improvement with diltiazem isosorbide dinitrate. We conclude that prophylactic intravenous diltiazem infusion may prevent ischemia during noncardiac surgery.
 ...
PMID:[The effect of prophylactic intravenous diltiazem drip infusion on myocardial ischemia during noncardiac surgery]. 922 91

Chronic administration of a soybean-derived polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC) extract prevents the development of cirrhosis in alcohol-fed baboons. To assess whether this phospholipid also affects earlier changes induced by alcohol consumption (such as fatty liver and hyperlipemia), 28 male rat littermates were pair-fed liquid diets containing 36% of energy either as ethanol or as additional carbohydrate for 21 d, and killed 90 min after intragastric administration of the corresponding diets. Half of the rats were given PPC (3 g/l), whereas the other half received the same amount of linoleate (as safflower oil) and choline (as bitartrate salt). PPC did not affect diet or alcohol consumption [15.4 +/- 0.5 G/(kg.d)], but the ethanol-induced hepatomegaly and the hepatic accumulation of lipids (principally triglycerides and cholesterol esters) and proteins were about half those in rats not given PPC. The ethanol-induced postprandial hyperlipemia was lower with PPC than without, despite an enhanced fat absorption and no difference in the level of plasma free fatty acids. The attenuation of fatty liver and hyperlipemia was associated with correction of the ethanol-induced inhibition of mitochondrial oxidation of palmitoyl-1-carnitine and the depression of cytochrome oxidase activity, as well as the increases in activity of serum glutamate dehydrogenase and aminotransferases. Thus, PPC attenuates early manifestations of alcohol toxicity, at least in part, by improving mitochondrial injury. These beneficial effects of PPC at the initial stages of alcoholic liver injury may prevent or delay the progression to more advanced forms of alcoholic liver disease.
 ...
PMID:Polyenylphosphatidylcholine attenuates alcohol-induced fatty liver and hyperlipemia in rats. 927 63

A nine-year old girl with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) had acute severe neurologic complications at the end of the remission-induction chemotherapy course. Thirty-six hours following triple intrathecal (IT) therapy and intravenous (IV) administration of L-asparaginase (L-asp), tetraplegia developed and she became unconscious. She had bouts of hypertension and persistent tachycardia unresponsive to digitalis therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple brain white matter hyperintensities and filling defects in the saggital sinus, suggesting thrombosis. Over the 40 days, in addition to her neurologic compromise she also had transient diabetes mellitus, severe hyperlipidemia, hypoproteinemia and edema, liver and heart failure and staphylococcus aureus sepsis with prolonged bone marrow depression. Despite, coexistence of all these chemotherapy related complications, her neurologic functions and multiple organ failure improved gradually. After a 70 days' period of interruption, chemotherapy was resumed and continued without any further complications. Although, the etiology of her extensive sensitivity to some drugs remains unclear, we believe that it is important to document these unusual events in this child.
 ...
PMID:Coexistence of life threatening chemotherapy related leukoencephalopathy, saggital sinus thrombosis and multiple organ failure in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: an unusual case with clinical recovery. 932 1

A 49 year-old hypercholesterolemic male with marked electrocardiographic ST segment depression on exercise testing was found to have an apo E E3/3 phenotype by isoelectric focusing, but an APOE E4/3 genotype using HhaI restriction isotyping. DNA sequence analysis of the proband's APOE gene found a G-->C point mutation at codon 251. This predicted a change in the amino acid encoded by codon 251, from arginine to glycine. The mutation occurred on an allele that encoded arginine at position 112 and this variant was named APOE R112; R251G. The R251G change altered a recognition site for the endonuclease StuI and was the basis for a restriction isotyping method to rapidly screen for this mutation. In relatives of the proband, APOE R112; R251G was consistently found in subjects with both hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Apo E R112; R251G-containing very low density lipoproteins bound normally to macrophages in vitro. However, the proband had an abnormal post-prandial lipoprotein response to a dietary fat challenge. The association of APOE R112; R251G with abnormal phenotypes suggests that the amino acid change in the carboxy-terminal, perhaps in combination with the common amino acid polymorphism at codon 112, has a functional impact upon lipoprotein metabolism in members of this family.
 ...
PMID:Apolipoprotein E R112; R251G: a carboxy-terminal variant found in patients with hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease. 936 Jun 38

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is important in the process of triglyceride storage in adipose tissue. Depression of LPL activity in adipose tissue is associated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced wasting syndrome and may have a role in the associated serum hyperlipidemia produced by TCDD. The 3T3-L1 cell line was used as an in vitro model, independent of hormonal, nutritional, or other interfering factors associated with in vivo studies, in order to systematically examine the mechanism of action of TCDD. TCDD produced a statistically significant (P < 0.05) time- and dose-dependent decrease in LPL activity. Results of experiments with Ah-receptor blockers and structure activity studies with different polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and dioxin congeners were consistent with reduction of LPL activity being mediated by the Ah receptor. Culturing of 3T3-L1 cells without glucose or with cytochalasin B, a blocker of facilitative glucose transporters (GLUT), was effective in reducing LPL activity (P < 0.05). TCDD did not further reduce LPL activity in cytochalasin B pretreated 3T3-L1 cells or in 3T3-L1 cells cultured in glucose-free media. Dexamethasone pretreatment, which is known to increase GLUT expression in 3T3-L1 cells, prevented the reduction of LPL activity by TCDD. Protein tyrosine kinase activities, assayed using gamma-32P-ATP and RR-SRC, a src specific peptide substrate, were significantly increased (P < 0.05) over control levels by both TCDD and glucose deprivation. Furthermore, results of experiments treating 3T3-L1 cells with either insulin, EGF, 8-Br-cAMP, TPA, or genistein, alone or in combination with TCDD, were generally consistent with the hypothesis that lowered intracellular glucose and altered cellular kinase activities may be involved in reduction of LPL activities by TCDD. Further work is needed to confirm and better understand the role protein phosphorylation plays in TCDD-mediated alteration of glucose disposition and LPL activity. In summary, TCDD reduced LPL activity in 3T3-L1 cells as seen in vivo. Manipulation of glucose transport through a number of experimental approaches produced changes in 3T3-L1 LPL activity consistent with results of previous investigators showing glucose to be a positive regulator of LPL activity and consistent with our hypothesis that TCDD-mediated reduction of glucose transport is an important factor in the down regulation of LPL activity by TCDD.
 ...
PMID:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin mechanism of action to reduce lipoprotein lipase activity in the 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line. 941 85

High-physical activity levels are associated with reduced risk of symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD). However, there are a number of reports of exercise-related sudden death and myocardial infarction in aerobically trained athletes. This study compared the prevalence of exercise-induced silent myocardial ischemia on maximum graded exercise tests with tomographic thallium scintigraphy in 70 master male athletes (63 +/- 6 years, mean +/- SD) (maximum aerobic capacity, VO2max >40 ml/kg/min) and in 85 healthy untrained men (61 +/- 7 years) with no history of CAD. The prevalence of silent ischemia (exercise-induced ST-segment depression on electrocardiogram and perfusion abnormalities on thallium scintigraphy) was similar in athletes and untrained men; 16% of the athletes (11 of 70) had silent ischemia compared with 21% of the untrained men (chi-square = 0.81, p = 0.36). No athletes had hyperlipidemia, systemic hypertension, or diabetes mellitus. However, the apolipoprotein E4 allele was present in 9 of the 11 athletes with silent ischemia compared with 2 of 32 athletes with normal exercise tests (chi-square = 24, p = 0.0001). These results suggest that older male athletes with the apolipoprotein E4 allele are at increased risk for the development of exercise-induced silent ischemia.
 ...
PMID:Exercise-induced silent myocardial ischemia in master athletes. 946 64

Unsafe and potentially safe herbal therapies are discussed. The use of herbal therapies is on the rise in the United States, but most pharmacists are not adequately prepared educationally to meet patients' requests for information on herbal products. Pharmacists must also cope with an environment in which there is relatively little regulation of herbal therapies by FDA. Many herbs have been identified as unsafe, including borage, calamus, coltsfoot, comfrey, life root, sassafras, chaparral, germander, licorice, and ma huang. Potentially safe herbs include feverfew, garlic, ginkgo, Asian ginseng, saw palmetto, St. John's wort, and valerian. Clinical trials have been used to evaluate feverfew for migraine prevention and rheumatoid arthritis; garlic for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and infections; ginkgo for circulatory disturbances and dementia; ginseng for fatigue and cancer prevention; and saw palmetto for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Also studied in formal trials have been St. John's wort for depression and valerian for insomnia. The clinical trial results are suggestive of efficacy of some herbal therapies for some conditions. German Commission E, a regulatory body that evaluates the safety and efficacy of herbs on the basis of clinical trials, cases, and other scientific literature, has established indications and dosage recommendations for many herbal therapies. Pharmacists have a responsibility to educate themselves about herbal therapies in order to help patients discern the facts from the fiction, avoid harm, and gain what benefits may be available.
 ...
PMID:Unsafe and potentially safe herbal therapies. 1003 May 29

Much debate on the benefits and risks of cholesterol lowering to prevent coronary heart disease has focused on excess non-CHD mortality rates reported in some trials. Because of the wide variation in design of cholesterol-lowering trials and because the non-CHD mortality rate was not a controlled endpoint of statistical power in most published studies, it has been difficult to determine whether any excess mortality was due to certain therapies, to other mechanisms, or to chance. As a result, some investigators have performed retrospective analyses of pooled trial data in order to augment statistical power. Some investigators have hypothesized that the human brain is dependent on a constant supply of cholesterol from the circulation and that cholesterol loss in neuronal membranes, with the possible consequences of behavioral disorders and increased risk of accident and violent death. Indeed Weidner and Griffin suggest that low cholesterol is a marker for poor underlying health; physical illnesses are likely to cause depression and other negative emotional states, which are often accompanied by suppressed appetite and weight loss causing reduction in cholesterol levels. Such mental states may also increase the risk of non-CHD death, for example suicide. Rossouw reviews the evidence concerning non-CHD mortality in cholesterol-lowering trials and reports metaanalyses carried out for all trials combined. The findings indicated a significant (15%) increase in non-CHD mortality in all trials combined. However, this was not related to cholesterol lowering itself, because there was no increased risk in trials with > 10% cholesterol reduction, whereas there was a significant (22%) increase in trials with lesser degrees of cholesterol lowering. The publication of a large secondary prevention trial (4S) employing Simvastatin for cholesterol lowering supports the idea that cholesterol reduction itself does not have adverse effects on non-CHD mortality. The overview of all published trials demonstrates their effectiveness in reducing cholesterol and provides clear evidence of benefits on stroke and total mortality. A 10% reduction in cholesterol yielded about a 20% decrease in CHD mortality, which would be expected to result in about a 6% reduction in total mortality. Endothelium-dependent relaxations are reduced in hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Exogenous L-arginine improves or restores the reduced endothelium-dependent relaxations. Moreover inflammation is associates with the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The fact of the matter is the Cardiovascular drugs already in clinical use or in development are able to interfere with certain aspects of endothelial function and may be useful in protecting the vessels and, hence, in preventing the development of cardiovascular disease.
 ...
PMID:[All mortality by cause of death. The challenge of coronary prevention]. 1005 Jan 41


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>