Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prospective study on the epidemiology of adverse drug reactions (ADR) in the 200 neonates consecutively admitted to a newborn intensive care unit had shown that 136 ADR occurred in 60 babies (incidence = 30%). 20 of these ADR (14.7%) were major (life-threatening), 34 (25%) were moderate (prolonged hospital stay) and 82 (60.3%) were minor (resolved spontaneously, no therapy required). Respiratory depression, cardiac arrhythmias, renal failure, metabolic abnormalities (hyperglycemia, electrolyte imbalance) and gastrointestinal bleeding were the most common major and moderate ADR. Hematologic (eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia) and metabolic (lipemia, hyperglycemia) were the most frequent minor ADR. The case fatality rate is 5%. Most commonly suspected drugs associated with the ADR were cardiovascular drugs (tolazoline, digoxin, methoxamine), antibiotics, diuretics and components of intravenous nutrition solutions.
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PMID:Epidemiology of adverse drug reactions in the newborn. 715 49

Hyperosmolar coma was the presenting feature of type I diabetes in a 20 year old man. Ischemic ECG abnormalities (downsloping ST depression of 5 mm in the anterior leads) were present during the comatose state but not in the following days, when a satisfactory metabolic control was achieved. Coronary heart disease was excluded on the basis of the normal response to a treadmill test carried out 6 months later. Hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, shock, hyperventilation and perhaps hyperosmolarity are responsible for these ECG changes. Caution must be used before considering such ECG patterns as ischemic in patients with this type of coma.
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PMID:[Transitory ECG changes of an ischemic type during hyperosmolar non-ketoacidotic coma]. 718 21

Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) fed to feeder pigs was associated with acute to subacute hepatotoxicosis. Cotyledonary seedings fed at 0.75% to 3% of body weight or ground bur fed at 20% to 30% of the ration caused acute depression, convulsions, and death. Principle gross lesions were marked serofibrinous ascites, edema of the gallbladder wall, and lobular accentuation of the liver. Acute to subacute centrilobular hepatic necrosis was present microscopically. The previously reported toxic principle, hydroquinone, was not recovered from the plant or bur of X. strumarium. Authentic hydroquinone administered orally failed to produce lesions typical of cocklebur intoxication but did produce marked hyperglycemia. Carboxyatractyloside recovered from the aqueous extract of X. strumarium and authentic carboxyatractyloside, when fed to pigs, caused signs and lesions typical of cocklebur intoxication. Marked hypoglycemia and elevated serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and serum isocitric dehydrogenase concentrations occurred in pigs with acute hepatic necrosis that had received either cocklebur seedlings, ground bur or carboxyatractyloside.
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PMID:Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium, L. var. strumarium) intoxication in swine: review and redefinition of the toxic principle. 725 80

The contribution of cellular and humoral factors of normal blood to resistance to endotoxin was evaluated by selectively transfusing them into beagle dogs prior to IV challenge with a lethal (2.75 mg/kg) dose of Salmonella typhi endotoxin. Supplementation of normal host defenses with 250 ml of plasma containing a heatlabile (56 degrees C for one hour) factor protected the dogs from lethal effects of the toxin. A similar volume of heparinized saline or a lesser volume of plasma (100 ml) was ineffective. The presence of 1 X 10(9) platelets and 7 X 10(10) leukocytes from leukapheresed foxhounds in some transfusion preparations did not affect survival. Protection by treatment with plasma was accompanied by severe tissue injury and loss of circulating platelets and leukocytes. Granulocyte concentrates also afforded protection and decreased tissue injury, as indicated by SGPT and taurine levels. Survivor and nonsurvivor animals experienced an early hyperglycemia as well as elevation of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and taurine levels. Thrombocytopenia was great in all experimental groups but was less marked in dogs transfused with cells. Leukopenia was comparable in all groups until six hours after challenge, at which time numbers of circulating leukocytes began a significant return toward normal levels in the cell-transfused group. Impairment of macrophage function was indicated by the depression of the release of colony-stimulating factor in survivor and nonsurvivor animals. Thus, normal plasma alone can protect dogs from endotoxin, but not without a significant amount of injury to the host.
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PMID:Protection of dogs from lethal consequences of endotoxemia with plasma or leukocyte transfusions. 731 23

Succinylated Acinetobacter glutaminase-asparaginase (SAGA) has broader antitumor activity than Escherichia coli L-asparaginase in experimental systems; moreover, drug resistance does not develop in tumor cell lines initially sensitive to this enzyme. We have investigated the pharmacology and toxicology of SAGA after both single-dose and serial daily dose injections in 20 adult patients. Glutaminase activity in plasma after i.v. injection of single doses did not follow simple first-order kinetics (half-life during the initial 24 hr was 21 +/- 9 hr. A linear relation was observed between increasing doses of SAGA and resultant levels of plasma enzyme activity and blood glutamate. Assay of whole blood which had been deproteinized immediately following phlebotomy showed that single doses of SAGA lowered glutamine only transiently to nondetectable levels; serial daily doses were required to achieve and maintain continuous glutamine depletion. Reversible depression of the central nervous system, ranging from encephalopathy to coma, occurred in a dose-related manner and was dose limiting. Other prominent reactions included respiratory alkalosis, hyperglycemia, nausea, and vomiting. Transient antitumor effects were noted in two patients with solid tumors and in two patients with leukemia. SAGA causes considerable neurotoxicity in adults which requires close patient monitoring. Phase II studies in leukemic patients are in progress.
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PMID:Phase I evaluation of succinylated Acinetobacter glutaminase-asparaginase in adults. 743 89

We studied the effects of 6-week treatment with nifedipine (35 mg/kg/day orally, p.o.) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Injection of STZ [45 mg/kg intravenously, (i.v.) single dose] produced a significant increase in blood pressure (BP), bradycardia, hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism, depression in left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), cardiomyopathy, and nephropathy. Treatment of diabetic rats with nifedipine normalized the BP and prevented bradycardia. Insulin levels were decreased after nifedipine treatment in diabetic as well as nondiabetic rats. However, serum glucose levels were also partially decreased in diabetic animals by nifedipine treatment. In control animals as well, glucose levels were in the normal range despite lower insulin levels observed after nifedipine treatment. Nifedipine treatment significantly prevented STZ-induced increase in cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Nifedipine treatment significantly prevented STZ-induced hypothyroidism and also prevented STZ-induced cardiac depression and cardiomyopathy. Our data indicate that nifedipine increases insulin sensitivity and has some beneficial effects on cardiovascular parameters. It may therefore be considered a preferred drug in the treatment of hypertension associated with diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Effects of chronic nifedipine treatment on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 756 66

During a five-day fasting period prednisolone (30 mg/d) reduced strongly as a result of induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinaemia the rise of FFA and bilirubin in six nonpregnant ewes in contrast to six control animals. The liver fat content remained in treated ewes within the physiological range, but in control animals the fat concentration increased to 300 g/kg. beta-OH-butyrate was only a little influenced. Harmful effects on the liver function in prednisolone treated ewes could not be observed. Plasma cortisol concentration contradicted a depression of endogenous cortisol secretion.
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PMID:[Effect of glucocorticosteroids on the liver function of fasting sheep]. 772 May 44

The progressive lengthening of the average life span and the expanding elderly population high-light the phenomenon of "centenarianism" or extreme longevity in Italy. A large number of Italian Geriatric and Gerontology Centers throughout Italy have joined in the Italian Multicenter Study on Centenarians which evaluates the clinical and biological conditions of centenarians. A census of centenarians in Italy as of December 31, 1993 is presently in course. Preliminary data indicate that about 6000 subjects were alive on that day. Interesting epidemiological and biological information is also being processed. Scores based on the mini mental state, the index of independence in activities of daily living, the instrumental activities of daily living, and the geriatric depression scale, as well as laboratory tests, and case histories have evidenced a number of particular characteristics of centenarians: their longevity is familiar; centenarians live in a familiar and comfortable environment; they have been hard workers, and they have a good degree of mental self-sufficiency; they have never presented the classic risk factors, have always followed a balanced diet based on natural foods; they maintain a well-conserved immune system and especially natural killer activity; they have a normal lipidic balance and no symptomatic hyperglycemia. Mobility and morbidity rates are high. Further studies and interdisciplinary research should enable us to gain better understanding of the aging process and of life "over 100".
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PMID:[Centenarians: health status and life conditions]. 772 5

We show Escherichia coli derived L-asparaginase complications observed in 14 of 136 acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients during remission induction therapy according to St. Jude Children's Hospital Total XI Protocol. We observed hyperglycemia in six patients; two of them had accompanying ketoacidosis. One of the cases with ketoacidosis had peritonitis and pancreatitis. Central nervous system symptoms such as convulsions and depression with personality changes (in one case) were observed in four of these six hyperglycemic patients. Intracranial bleeding and ischemic infarction were shown in cranial computed tomographies in two cases. Hypersensitivity reactions were observed in seven patients. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups and treated with conventional dose steroids or high dose methylprednisolone. Although the frequency of hypersensitivity reactions were lower in the high dose methylprednisolone group, one patient in this group had an anaphylactic reaction. These findings once again high-light L-asparaginase complications which are not dose dependent and can be life threatening.
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PMID:Hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis and other complications of L-asparaginase in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 799 65

The concentration of extracellular glucose in anesthetized rat brain was measured continuously with two types of substrate-specific microelectrodes in a number of physiological and pathological conditions. Extracellular glucose level increased in hyperglycemia and decreased in hypoglycemia, paralleling the changes in blood sugar. Increased neuronal activity and in particular spreading depression, evoked triphasic alterations in extracellular glucose concentration: an initial rapid fall was followed by an equally swift overshoot above the baseline and a subsequent return to it. Limitation in O2 supply led to a decline in extracellular content of glucose: respiration with 5% O2 reduced the level by 7-20% and that with 3% O2 by 75-85%. Decreases to undetectable concentrations were seen in ischemia despite the use of an oxygen-insensitive microglucose sensor. Restoration of oxygen supply to the brain was accompanied by increases in extracellular glucose content above the original normoxic level, which returned to baseline values after 10-15 min. In hyperglycemic animals ischemia-induced leakage of K+ was delayed while the rate of recovery to control levels after restitution of blood flow was enhanced. It is concluded that continuous monitoring of glucose with glucose-specific microelectrodes provides a new and important insight into brain energy metabolism.
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PMID:Extracellular glucose concentration in mammalian brain: continuous monitoring of changes during increased neuronal activity and upon limitation in oxygen supply in normo-, hypo-, and hyperglycemic animals. 804 68


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