Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The radiological characteristics of intraventricular tumors were studied with special reference to differential diagnosis from paraventricular tumors by careful analysis of seven cases intraventricular tumors and five cases paraventricular tumors. As, in the radiological term, intraventricular tumors have been dividied into two groups according to their location by Bernasconi et al., seven cases intraventricular tumors reported in this paper were also divided into two groups; 1) 2 cases ependymom occupying the frontal horn and the body of lateral ventricle, 2) 4 cases meningioma and one plexus papilloma occupying the trigone and the adjucent regions. In case of tumors belonged to group 1, the filling defect showing the circumference of tumors and the associated unilateral hydrocephalus were characteristic findings on the ventriculogram, while the depression of ventricular wall was observed in paraventricular tumors. Angiographic characteristics in group 1 tumors were the splay of subependymal veins of the medial group from those of lateral group and the increased density of deep veins due to raised circulation, and these findings demonstrated in all cases of ependymoma reported here. On the other hand, in all meningiomas belonged to group 2, the hypertrophia of choridal arteries was noticed in the angiogram. Moreover, the anterior choroidal artery was shown to be divided into two branches at its plexal segments, and the tumor stain at the trigone always lied between these two branches. We named this dissociation of these two plexal branches due to tumor as "flare sing". This is considered to be specific finding for a trigone meningioma, and this "flare sing" was observed in all of our 4 cases meningioma. In two cases out of four, the inferior ventricular vein was displaced anteriorly delineating the anterior margin of the tumor. This again is considered as a sign indicating the tumor occupying the trigone and adjacent regions.
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PMID:[Radiological diagnosis of the lateral ventricle tumor (author's transl)]. 55 45

Neurologic signs and neuropathologic lesions associated with a case of equine infectious anemia in a 7 year old Quarter-horse mare were studied. Clinical signs included depression, disorientation, circling, knuckling at the fetlock and hypermetria. The neuropathologic lesions were characterized by a granulomatous ependymitis, subependymal encephalitis, choroiditis and hydrocephalus. These lesions were associated with signs of neurologic dysfunction which were the cause of the prominent clinical features.
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PMID:Neurologic signs and neuropathology associated with a case of equine infectious anemia. 63 20

A clinical and neuropsychological syndrome for early recognition of occult hydrocephalus and cerebral atrophy is described. Five illustrative patients are reported. The main features of the syndrome are (i) subjective non-specific complaints (headaches, depression and loss of memory); (ii) the tonic foot response of the sole and the grasp reflex of the foot in the absence of the grasp reflex of the hand; (iii) attacks of sudden and transient loss of muscle tone in both lower limbs leading to falls without warning while standing or while walking. These attacks indistinguishable from drop-attacks are termed chalastic fits; (iv) a dissociation between the satisfactory performances on the Ottawa-Wechsler scale and the poor performances on Kohs Block Design test. Clinical and neuropsychological findings could not differentiate between occult hydrocephalus and cerebral atrophy; only radionuclide cisternography and computerized tomography were able to delineate the final diagnosis.
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PMID:A syndrome of early recognition of occult hydrocephalus and cerebral atrophy. 91 52

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a surgically correctable syndrome of progressive dementia, gait abnormalities, and urinary incontinence resulting from an occult hydrocephalus in association with normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Occurring most frequently in midlife and often idiopathic in origin, the early course of the illness may be characterized by symptoms of apathy, inattentiveness, agitation, and poverty of thought which mimic a depressive illness and may delay the recognition and treatment of the underlying structural defect. A review of the literature reveals that this association of depressive symptomatology and NPH has received little attention in the psychiatric literature, and the authors describe a case of NPH which presented as a severe, agitated depression. Clinical findings which suggest the presence of NPH are discussed, and the need to include NPH in the differential diagnosis of depression in the presenium is emphasized. The authors believe such diagnostic vigilance is necessary if the needless deterioration of potentially salvageable individuals is to be prevented.
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PMID:Depression and normal pressure hydrocephalus. A dilemma in neuropsychiatric differential diagnosis. 93 10

Because there are no direct biological markers for the substances implicated in indoor air exposure, it is impossible to directly measure if an individual or group of individuals has been exposed to a potentially neurotoxic substance in the workplace. Behavioral changes may be the earliest and only manifestation of central nervous system (CNS) effects and are often too subtle to be revealed by routine physical or neurological examination. Neuropsychological techniques are sensitive to subtle behavioral/cognitive changes that can result from exposure to neurotoxins. These techniques consist of oral and written tests that are administered by a trained examiner on a one-to-one basis. In general, a wide variety of cognitive domains are evaluated. The typical battery generally includes assessing orientation, attention, intelligence, language, visual memory, verbal memory, perception, visuoconstruction, simple motor speed, psychomotor speed, and mood. As with most assessment techniques, the neuropsychological methods have limitations. One major drawback is the availability of appropriate norms that are used to compare the results of a specific individual. Because these tasks are greatly affected by age, intelligence, and in some instances sex, the availability of appropriate norms is mandatory to determine if the CNS has been effected. Although neuropsychological tests are sensitive to the presence of CNS involvement, they are not specific. Patterns of performance seen with specific instances of neurotoxic exposure may also be seen with a number of other diseases of the CNS such as dementia, cerebrovascular disease, hydrocephalus, or normal aging. In addition, neuropsychiatric symptoms such as anxiety and/or depression are often manifested as cognitive difficulties that will mimic the cognitive dysfunction seen with toxicity of the CNS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Neuropsychological assessment for detecting adverse effects of volatile organic compounds on the central nervous system. 182 86

Brainstem acoustic evoked potentials (BAEPs) were measured in 14 children with different type of posterior fossa tumours several times during the clinical course, in order to assess the value of this simple and non-invasive method in the diagnosis and follow-up of posterior fossa tumours in childhood. Eight children had midline medulloblastoma, three children had lateral astrocytoma, three had intrinsic brainstem glioma. Different BAEP patterns could be detected in different tumour's type: bilateral symmetrical or slightly asymmetrical I-V. IPL prolongation in midline medulloblastomas, unilateral or markedly asymmetrical I.-V. IPL prolongation or wave V. depression on the contralateral side in lateral astrocytomas, and severely distorted asymmetrical waveform in intrinsic brainstem gliomas. The BAEPs were abnormal earlier than CT scan in a case of craniospinal astrocytoma. BAEPs were useful in the follow-up: the effect of the preoperative chemotherapy or the progression of the inoperable tumours could be as well documented by this method, as by the CT scan. BAEPs proved effective in the assessment of postoperative neurological complications: bilateral symmetrical IPL prolongation and wave V. depression with clinical signs of increased intracranial pressure occurred in a case of postoperative occlusive hydrocephalus, unilateral IPL prolongation occurred during irradiation or chemotherapy after medulloblastoma removal as signs of cerebral oedema.
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PMID:Value of brainstem acoustic evoked potentials in posterior fossa tumours in childhood. 186 81

The diagnostic evaluation of dementia is directed toward the identification of treatable causes. It can be facilitated by classification of the dementia into one of four categories: attentional, amnestic, cognitive, and intentional. Intentional dementia reflects dysfunction of frontal lobe systems, components of which include the frontal cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, limbic structures, and subcortical white matter. Disorders that affect one or more of these components and produce intentional dementia include Binswanger's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, HIV infection, closed head injury, normal pressure hydrocephalus, neoplasms, syphilis, vitamin B12 deficiency, multiple sclerosis, and a number of uncommon degenerative and acquired syndromes. Depression may resemble intentional dementia. Guidelines for diagnosis and management are discussed.
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PMID:Multi-infarct dementia, subcortical dementia, and hydrocephalus. 203 8

Neurological deficits following human subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have been related to the cerebral arterial spasm and the increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) secondary to the development of hydrocephalus. Metabolic depression in experiment study was thought as resulting from brain stem dysfunction. On the other hand, some reports have shown no relationship between vasospasm and neurological abnormalities. The mechanism of cerebral metabolism depression after SAH remains unclear. The effect of blood in the cortical subarachnoid space on the cerebral metabolism has not been known well. To investigate this effect, a new cortical SAH model was developed using rat and local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) after production of SAH was measured. A cortical SAH model: a small burr hole was made on the left parietal bone and the arachnoid membrane was pierced with a tapered glass-needle 60 mu tip in diameter. Fresh autologous non-heparinized arterial blood 0.04 ml was injected into subarachnoid space within 60 seconds through that needle. The blood extended over the left cerebral cortical surface with thin subarachnoid hematoma on the parietal cortex, but did not extend on the right hemisphere and the basal cistern. The increase in ICP during production of SAH was minimal, mean value of 7.2 mmHg and ICP slowly returned to the basal level within 30 minutes. Rats were divided into 3 groups; rats 2 hours (SAH-2h, n = 7) and 48 hours (SAH-48h, n = 7) after production of SAH and rats 2hours after 0.04 ml saline injection for control (Control, n = 7). LCGU was studied according to the methods developed by Sokoloff.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Effects of the cortical subarachnoid hemorrhage on cerebral glucose metabolism]. 205 20

Dementia is a syndrome of acquired intellectual deterioration that interferes with personal or social functioning. Diagnosis requires historical information from the family and the mental status evaluation of orientation, recent memory, comprehension, calculation, and abstraction. Most dementias create permanent, even progressive cognitive deterioration, yet there are some presentations for which remission exists. Common reversible conditions include depression, drug toxicity, normal-pressure hydrocephalus, hypothyroidism, subdural hematoma, and neoplasm. Screening laboratory studies consist of urinalysis, chemistry profile, blood count, thyroid survey, vitamin B12 and folate measurements, serology, chest roentgenogram, computerized tomographic scan of the head, electroencephalogram, and electrocardiogram. Treatment focuses on potential reversibility, psychosocial issues, restoring deficits, and specific symptoms.
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PMID:Dementia: what to do. 221 59

Lumbar CSF concentration of 5-HIAA, MHPG, and HVA were measured in patients with depression, dementia due to normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and in controls. Moreover, ventricular concentrations of the metabolites were measured in patients with NPH. It was aimed to match patients and controls for age, sex, and body height. Non-parametric statistics were used throughout the study. No differences in lumbar concentrations of CSF 5-HIAA, MHPG and HVA were found between the different diagnostic groups. A ventriculo-lumbar gradient of 5-HIAA and HVA being 4:1 and 5:1, respectively, was found in patients with NPH. No correlation between the difference in ventricular and lumbar concentrations and body height was found, suggesting that body height may be an inaccurate measure for the rostro-caudal gradient. Moreover, no correlation between ventricular and lumbar levels of 5-HIAA and HVA was seen.
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PMID:CSF-amine metabolites in depression, dementia and in controls. 244 73


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