Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A previously healthy patient with classic hemophilia who was on a home infusion program with factor VIII concentrates developed an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome manifested by a dramatic weight loss (47 kg over 12 months), lassitude, transient thrombocytopenia, and opportunistic infections with Varicella zoster, Pneumocystis carinii, and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. The patient was not homosexual and had no history of intravenous drug abuse. Immunologic studies showed a persistent lymphopenia with reversal of helper/suppressor-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte ratios, depression of human natural killer cell function, and in-vitro lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogens and viral antigens. Serum IgA levels were also elevated. Serum antibodies against cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, Epstein-Barr virus, Varicella zoster, and hepatitis B virus were shown, suggesting previous infection by these agents. Reactivation of cytomegalovirus infection was suggested by a rising titer of antibodies against cytomegalovirus concurrent with pneumocystis pneumonia, and was confirmed by the growth of this virus in a throat culture 2 months later.
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PMID:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection in a previously healthy patient with classic hemophilia. Clinical, immunologic, and virologic findings. 629 53

By their position at sites of initial infection and their wide distribution in major organs of the body, macrophages may be decisive in determining the susceptibility or resistance of the host to virus infection. Macrophage restriction of virus replication has been shown to be closely related to virus strains or virus types and to the age of the infected host. We report the effects of the development of a solid tumor in rats on intrinsic in vitro macrophage activity against herpes simplex virus type 1. The results obtained with the infectious center assays and the analysis of single-cycle growth curves of herpes simplex virus type 1 in macrophages obtained from normal and tumor-bearing rats showed a depression of antiviral activity of macrophages from tumor-bearing rats. The possibility of immunomodulation by bacterial adjuvants on tumor-bearing rats and the effects on the antiviral activity of peritoneal macrophages were furthermore demonstrated.
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PMID:Tumor-dependent resistance of rat peritoneal macrophages to herpes simplex virus. 629 45

Immunoregulation of lymphocyte blastogenesis was studied in 13 patients with acute-phase cytomegalovirus (CMV) mononucleosis and 9 of these patients during the convalescent phase of the illness. Peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes from acute-phase patients displayed depressed uptake of [3H-]thymidine in response to the lectin-mitogen concanavalin A (Con A) and immune-specific viral antigens (CMV, herpes simplex virus (HSV), mumps virus) compared with convalescent patients or normal donors. Removal of plastic-adherent cells from the patients' samples resulted in further depression of lymphocyte blastogenesis to Con A and CMV and HSV antigens, suggesting a helper function for the predominantly monocytic, adherent cell population in this response. Preliminary culture of mononuclear leukocytes from acute-phase patients for 18 hr at 37 degrees C resulted in significantly enhanced blastogenesis to Con A. In sharp contrast, lymphocyte blastogenesis to viral antigens was not significantly enhanced after preculture. These results suggest that different mechanisms are operative in immunoregulation of lymphocyte recognition responses to the polyclonal activator Con A and immune-specific viral antigens during human CMV infection.
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PMID:Alteration of immunoregulatory mechanisms during cytomegalovirus mononucleosis: effect of in vitro culture on lymphocyte blastogenesis to viral antigens. 630 73

Opportunistic infections and unusual tumors have been reported in an unprecedented outbreak of community-acquired cellular immune deficiency among homosexual and drug-abusing men. We report five women with the same syndrome. The women were residents of metropolitan New York City closely associated with drug abuse either by personal use (our patients) or close sexual contact with an abuser (one patient). One patient was bisexual. All five patients developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as well as combinations of other opportunistic infections including oral candida, disseminated mycobacteria, and ulcerative herpes simplex infections. All patients had marked depression of cellular immune function. Three patients died. The appearance of this syndrome in women has important implications with regard to the epidemiology and etiology of this emerging syndrome.
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PMID:Opportunistic infection in previously healthy women. Initial manifestations of a community-acquired cellular immunodeficiency. 698 14

Recrudescent herpes simplex infections and common warts are associated with evidence of immune depression. It was hoped that levamisole, a drug with immunomodulatory effects, would be helpful in both prophylaxis and therapy of these diseases. Despite enthusiasm from 'pilot' studies, properly carried out trials showed no benefit from levamisole as compared with a placebo. There is no good evidence for its efficacy in any other viral infection, but proper studies are still lacking.
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PMID:Use of levamisole in viral infections. 699 93

Over a 60-week period, a patient with multiple warts received a total of 281 x 10(6) units of human leukocyte interferon (IFN-alpha) by intramuscular (IM) or intralesional (IL) injections. Circulating IFN was significantly higher following IM administration than after IL administration. These pharmacokinetics did not change. The patient's body temperature was always significantly elevated after administration of IFN. However, hyporeactivity to the febrile response developed when the interval between repeated injections of IFN was less than six days. The lymphocyte count was significantly decreased within 5-7 h after administration of IFN and had returned to normal by 24 hours, whereas total WBC, platelet, and monocyte counts were not altered. There was a depression of specific lymphocyte proliferative response to herpes simplex virus after multiple daily injections, but not after prolonged therapy. Circulating natural killer (NK) levels were not elevated during the first two months of IFN therapy. After the patient had received about 100 x 10(6) units of IFN, however, the NK cell level became elevated and remained elevated upon cessation of treatment. NK activity was stimulated by in vitro incubation of peripheral mononuclear cells with 1000 units of IFN during the initial phase of treatment. A decline of in vitro stimulation of NK activity by interferon developed during two subsequent periods of treatment with mean daily doses of 2.46 and 1.07 x 10(6) units of IFN. Long-term therapy in our patient with an average of 4.7 x 10(6) units of IFN/week was well tolerated, did not irreversibly affect platelet or white cell counts or nonspecific or virus-specific cell mediated immune responses, and enhanced circulating NK levels.
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PMID:Effect of prolonged administration of interferon-alpha on pharmacokinetics, fever, lymphocyte proliferative response, and NK cell activity. 711 6

Two cases of inferior branch palsy of the oculomoter nerve in children are reported. A Six-year-old and a 14-year-old child had diplopia. Adduction and depression were restricted and mydriasis of the affected eye were observed. There were no restrictions on elevation. Ptosis was absent. They were diagnosed as having inferior branch palsy of the oculomotor nerve. Neurological examinations and diagnostic imagings showed no other abnormalities. Herpes simplex and influenza antibody titer were high in both cases. Oral steroid treatment was given. The eye position and movement recovered within 3 months in both cases. But the light reflexes of the affected eye remained diminished and light-near dissociation were observed. These findings have not changed for two years.
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PMID:[Two cases of inferior branch palsy of the oculomotor nerve in children]. 766 Oct 52

We studied the painful symptoms associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and its treatment in a group of men enrolled in a prospective longitudinal study of HIV effects on the nervous system. The most common painful illnesses reported were HIV-related headaches, herpes simplex, painful peripheral neuropathy, back pain, herpes zoster, 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT)-induced headaches, throat pain, and arthralgia. Painful illnesses were reported at all stages of systemic disease but were more common in the later stages of disease and in subjects who progressed to a more advanced stage during the study period. There was an association between the frequency of multiple pains, increased disability on the Karnofsky scale, and higher depression scores, as measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). We conclude that painful symptoms are important even in relatively healthy and independent HIV-infected men.
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PMID:Painful symptoms reported by ambulatory HIV-infected men in a longitudinal study. 837 98

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an illness characterized by disabling fatigue associated with complaints of fevers, sore throat, myalgia, lymphadenopathy, sleep disturbances, neurocognitive difficulties, and depression. A striking feature of CFS is its sudden onset following an acute, presumably viral, illness and the subsequent recurrent "flu-like" symptoms. It has been speculated that both CFS and debilitating chronic fatigue (CF) that does not meet strict criteria for CFS may be the direct or indirect result of viral infections. We therefore tested 548 chronically fatigued patients who underwent a comprehensive medical and psychiatric evaluation for antibodies to 13 viruses. Our objectives were to compare the seroprevalence and/or geometric mean titer (GMT) of antibodies to herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, rubella, adenovirus, human herpesvirus 6, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and Cox-sackie B virus, types 1-6 in patients with CF to healthy control subjects. Other goals were to determine if greater rates of seropositivity or higher GMTs occurred among subsets of patients with CFS, fibromyalgia, psychiatric disorders, a self-reported illness onset with a viral syndrome, and a documented temperature > 37 degrees C on physical examination. Differences in the seroprevalence or GMTs of antibodies to 13 viruses were not consistently found in those with CF compared with control subjects, or in any subsets of patients including those with CFS, an acute onset of illness, or a documented fever. These particular viral serologies were not useful in evaluating patients presenting with CF.
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PMID:Viral serologies in patients with chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome. 889 37

The long-term neuropsychological and psychiatric sequelae of herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE) and their relationship to the volume of temporal lesions and to amygdala and hippocampus damage remain undefined. We have conducted a prospective study of long-term sequelae in 11 patients with clinically presumed HSVE and detection of HSV DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid by polymerase chain reaction. Six months after encephalitis, patients underwent neuropsychological and language assessment. At the same stage, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) evaluated the occurrence of hypoperfusion with an index of asymmetry. MRI was used for the measurement of amygdala, hippocampus and cerebral lesions by two blind neurologists. The volume of the amygdala and hippocampus was compared with those of five controls, matched for age and level of education. Long-term memory disorders were seen in 6 patients, associated with the larger lesions and damage of at least two structures. Long-term behavioural changes with emotionalism, irritability, anxiety or depression were prominent in 7. Left prefrontal hypoperfusion appeared in 8 patients, associated with psychiatric disorders in 7 and left amygdala damage in 6. The reduction of amygdala and hippocampus volume was correlated with the overall volume of lesions. Different patterns of mesial temporal lobe damage occurred, involving either amygdala alone, or amygdala and hippocampus, but never hippocampus alone. MRI volumetric measurements in HSVE could be a good indicator of long-term prognosis. Persistant behavioural changes could be related to an amygdala and frontal dysfunction.
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PMID:Cognitive and psychiatric impairment in herpes simplex virus encephalitis suggest involvement of the amygdalo-frontal pathways. 893 55


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