Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Genital herpes causes considerable psychological and psychosexual morbidity. The most common emotional responses are depression, anguish, anger, diminution in self-esteem and hostility towards the person believed to be the source of the infection. These emotional problems appear to be worse in women than in men. The psychological morbidity in patients with first episode genital herpes is statistically significantly greater than that occurring in non-herpes patients attending sexually transmitted disease clinics. It was previously believed that stressful life events could precipitate recurrences. However, recent studies suggest that ongoing recurrences cause the emotional stress rather than vice versa. There is some evidence that premorbid personality may effect recurrence rates, but an equally plausible explanation is that frequent recurrences adversely affect personality. Long-term aciclovir suppression significantly reduces the psychological morbidity associated with recurrent genital herpes, over at least the period of treatment. Cognitive coping strategies and social support from a partner appear to assist with adjustment. Improving a patient's problem-solving skills, and long-term aciclovir therapy should form an integral part of the long-term management of recurrent genital herpes.
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PMID:Psychological and psychosexual implications of herpes simplex virus infections. 916 20

The purpose of this study was to test the outcomes of group psycho-educational intervention (PEI) led by nurses on sexual health risks (knowledge, behaviour, disease burden) and psycho-social adaptation (depression, mood states, self-efficacy) in young adults with the chronic disease, genital herpes. Two hundred and fifty-two young adults with symptomatic genital herpes participated in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). The intervention was participation in a three-session group PEI facilitated by a nurse in the community. Participants completed questionnaires measuring sexual health risks (herpes knowledge, sexual risk behaviour, disease burden of patterns of recurrences of outbreaks of the disease), and psycho-social adaptation (depression using the Beck Depression Inventory [BDI], mood states using the Profile of Mood States [POMS], and feelings of self-efficacy for protection from sexually transmitted diseases [PSTD]) at induction into the study, and at 3 and 6 months. Participants were mainly employed, Caucasian, single women in their twenties (X = 27.1 years, SD = 4.3), with some college education; 23% of the sample were men. After controlling for baseline knowledge about genital herpes, the experimental group had significantly more knowledge than the control group at 3 and 6 months' post-intervention. They also reported using condoms and spermicides to prevent the spread of genital herpes more often than did the control group. The implications for nurses in the community include the following: (a) PEI is an intervention that can be used by nurses in the community with a high-risk population; (b) group intervention is a viable treatment for people with a highly stigmatized, chronic sexually transmitted disease (STD); and (c) further testing of the use of PEI by nurses in the community with other high-risk populations is needed.
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PMID:Effects of psycho-educational interventions on sexual health risks and psycho-social adaptation in young adults with genital herpes. 1021 75

Genital herpes is a chronic, stigmatizing, sexually transmitted disease (STD), which is increasing despite efforts to control its spread. Depression is commonly reported among people diagnosed with genital herpes and differences in depression by gender have been reported. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify gender differences in the predictors of depression in young adults with genital herpes by secondary analyses of baseline data from a randomized clinical trial (RCT). For the RCT, young adults (193 females, 59 males) with genital herpes were recruited from newspaper advertisements. Participants completed questionnaires measuring illness burden, attitudes toward herpes, stress symptoms, mood states, depression, self-concealment, self-disclosure, substance use, and demographics. Univariate analyses and multiple regression techniques were used to identify variables predictive of depression in this sample. In women, increased anger, decreased vigor, increased confusion, a negative attitude toward herpes, self-concealment, and stress symptoms from genital herpes predicted more depression (R2 = 0.63). In men, increased depression was predicted by increased anger, a negative attitude toward herpes, and a decreased willingness to share personal information with a stranger (R2 = 0.51). Findings suggest that future psychoeducational interventions should address anger as a predictor of depression in this population. Gender-specific interventions need to be developed in order to assist young adults who are living with genital herpes.
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PMID:Gender differences for the predictors of depression in young adults with genital herpes. 1084 Feb 88

Tacrolimus is a potent inhibitor of immune mechanisms. It belongs to the macrolactam group. It inhibits the release of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines. It proves to be efficacious after topical application in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. In this indication, tacrolimus challenges topical corticosteroids. Irritation risks are present. The local immuno-depression can boost disseminated infections including herpes. The risk to promote photocarcinogenesis on the long term, and that bound to chronic resorption remain theoretical concerns that have not been assessed so far.
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PMID:[Drug of month. Topical tacrolimus (Protopic)]. 1240 29

The serotonin transporter (5HTT) plays a central role in serotonin neurotransmission. Abnormalities of 5HTT function have been implicated in depression, anxiety and alcohol intake. To better understand the functional role of this important molecule, we have utilized a viral vector approach to overexpress the 5HTT in regions of the rat brain. We have constructed a bicistronic defective herpes virus (HSV-1) vector that expresses both an epitope-tagged 5HTT as well as beta-galactosidase (beta-GAL) as a marker for infected cells. The vector was capable of conferring serotonin uptake activity to Vero cells in culture, indicating transfer of a functional 5HTT. Injection of the 5HTT virus into the rat brain resulted in a dense focus of specific 125I RTI-55 binding at the injection site, indicating that the virally expressed 5HTT can also bind ligand when expressed in the brain. We were also able to overexpress an epitope tagged 5HTT in serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) using this approach. These data demonstrate that the levels of the 5HTT in 5HT neurons can be manipulated in the adult rodent brain using an HSV-1 vector.
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PMID:Overexpression of an epitope-tagged serotonin transporter in serotonin neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus using a defective HSV-1 vector. 1252 44

The syndrome of behavioral, physiological, and neurochemical changes caused by ablation of the olfactory bulbs (OBX) in rats serves as a reliable and well-validated model of depression. Previous experiments have demonstrated that OBX leads to increased expression of the preproenkephalin (ENK) gene in the olfactory tubercle (OT) portion of the ventral striatum in rats. The aim of the present experiments was to investigate the role of OBX-induced ENK overexpression in the OT in the behavioral abnormalities exhibited by bulbectomized rats. A recombinant herpes virus carrying human preproENK cDNA was used to manipulate ENK gene expression in the OT of bulbectomized and sham-operated rats. Motivational deficits were assessed by the sucrose preference test, and 'agitation-like' behaviors were measured with the novel open field and footshock-induced freezing tests. ENK gene transfer in sham-operated rats mimicked some of the effects of OBX; it decreased freezing behavior in response to mild footshock and produced behavioral activation in the open field. In another experiment, virally mediated ENK gene transfer into the OT of intact rats decreased footshock-induced freezing, and this effect was reversed by naltrexone administration. PreproENK gene transfer into the OT did not produce analgesic effects in the tail-flick test. No effects on freezing behavior were observed following preproENK gene transfer into the frontal cortex. An additional experiment revealed that naltrexone administration attenuated the OBX-induced abnormality in freezing behavior. The results indicate that overexpression of the preproENK gene in the ventral striatum may mediate the 'agitation-like' behavior exhibited by bulbectomized rats.
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PMID:Herpes virus-mediated preproenkephalin gene transfer in the ventral striatum mimics behavioral changes produced by olfactory bulbectomy in rats. 1451 25

People with stigmatized illnesses often avoid seeking health care and education. The internet may be a useful health education and outreach tool for this group. This study examined patterns of internet use for health information among those with and without stigmatized illnesses. A national survey of internet users in the USA was conducted. Respondents who self-reported a stigmatized condition-defined as anxiety, depression, herpes, or urinary incontinence-were compared to respondents who reported having at least one other chronic illness, such as cancer, heart problems, diabetes, and back pain. The analytical sample consisted of 7014 respondents. Cross-sectional associations between stigmatized illness and frequency of internet use for information about health care, use of the internet for communication about health, changes in health care utilization after internet use, and satisfaction with the internet were determined. After controlling for a number of potential confounders, those with stigmatized illnesses were significantly more likely to have used the internet for health information, to have communicated with clinicians about their condition using the internet, and to have increased utilization of health care based on information found on the internet, than those with non-stigmatized conditions. Length of time spent online, frequency of internet use, satisfaction with health information found on the internet, and discussion of internet findings with health care providers did not significantly differ between the two groups. Results from this survey suggest that the internet may be a valuable health communication and education tool for populations who are affected by stigmatized illnesses.
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PMID:Internet use and stigmatized illness. 1602 78

I am a member of what has been called, perhaps too grandiosely, "The Greatest Generation." I grew up during the Great Depression and served in the U.S. Army during World War II. Because of my military service and the benefits of the GI Bill, I was able to attend college and, later, graduate school. Early in my graduate studies, I became fascinated with enzymes and the biochemical reactions that they catalyze. This fascination has never left me during the 50 years I have been a "DNA enzymologist." I was fortunate to have had as a mentor Arthur Kornberg, one of the great biochemists of the twentieth century, and a splendid group of postdocs and graduate students. I have studied DNA polymerases, DNA nucleases, DNA ligases, and DNA recombinases, enzymes that are critical to our understanding of DNA replication, repair, and recombination. Most recently, I have been studying herpes virus replication and inadvertently wandered into an entirely new area-viral latency.
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PMID:Wanderings of a DNA enzymologist: from DNA polymerase to viral latency. 1675 82

The efficacy of a quadrivalent vaccine against viral bovine respiratory diseases (BRD) was assessed in four experimental studies. Calves between 2 and 9 months of age were allocated to one of two treatment groups (n=9-15) and then received either the vaccine or sterile saline in two doses approximately 3 weeks apart. Three to 5 weeks after the second injection, animals were challenged experimentally with one of the viruses, bovine herpes-virus-1 (BHV-1), parainfluenza type-3 virus (PI(3)V), bovine viral-diarrhoea virus type 1 (BVDV), or bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and were then monitored for at least 2 weeks. The administration of the vaccine was associated with enhanced antibody response to all four viruses post-challenge, with the reduction of the amount or duration (or both) of virus shedding in the BHV-1, PI(3)V, BVDV and BRSV studies and with an improvement of some clinical signs in the BHV-1 (nasal discharge, and rectal temperature) and the PI(3)V studies (abnormal respiration, and depression).
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PMID:Efficacy of a quadrivalent vaccine against respiratory diseases caused by BHV-1, PI3V, BVDV and BRSV in experimentally infected calves. 1727 8

Previous neuroimmunological studies focused mostly on depression, regardless of its diagnostic category. In this paper, the studies on the immunological system in patients with bipolar affective illness, including manic episode, have been presented. Research possibilities of neuroimmunology of affective disorders using molecular-genetic methods have also been shown. The studies on the neuroimmunology of depression have always been connected with studies on changes in the immunological system related to stress situations. Disturbances of the immunological system regulation have features of either decrease or pathological increase of the immunological system, with increased activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1 and 6, interferon). Some pathogenic role for the disturbances of immunological system in depression is also played by viral infections (herpes, Borna viruses). The changes of the immunological system in mania are mostly similar to those observed during depression. An increase of activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines, connected with the lymphocyte Th1 system is especially evident. Like in depression, the role of viral infections has been pointed out (herpes, Borna, parvovirus B19). The oldest mood-stabilizing drug, lithium, has been shown to have strong action against herpes viruses. Molecular-genetic studies point to an association of some genes of the immunological system with both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. An association of some genes with a predisposition to depression and efficacy of antidepressant drugs has also been shown.
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PMID:[Neuroimmunology of bipolar affective disorder]. 2044 78


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