Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasma inhibitory factors, high levels of sex hormones, and depression of cell-mediated immunity may interfere with the natural host resistance to viral infections during pregnancy. It is apparent that hormonal, immunologic, and vascular changes in pregnancy may account for increased replication of herpes and for enhanced growth of condylomatous lesions. The challenge is to develop a rational plan of management for pregnant patients with herpes simplex or human papilloma virus infection. There has been a reevaluation of previous recommendations for the management of herpes in pregnancy. Although the consequences of neonatal infection are severe or fatal, the value of routine weekly screening is questionable. This regimen is a poor predictor of neonatal exposure to herpes since only one fourth of women shedding virus at the time of delivery can be identified by routine cultures. The mode of delivery should therefore be based on the presence or absence of lesions at the time of confinement. Cesarean section should be reserved for patients with lesions or with prodromal symptoms of recurrent disease at the time of delivery. Patients with ruptured membranes and active genital lesions should also be delivered by cesarean section. The spectrum of HPV-related diseases in pregnancy is poorly understood. Many questions remain unanswered. It may not be practical to treat very large or extensive genital warts during pregnancy. A cesarean section may be the best choice in these cases. It may be premature to recommend cesarean section for delivery of all pregnant women with symptomatic genital HPV infection. More data are needed. We recommend laser ablation of condylomatous lesions when discovered during pregnancy. Laser vaporization is associated with minimal morbidity when used by experienced surgeons. Trichloroacetic acid is excellent for minimal disease or for treatment of recurrences in pregnancy. Since the immune system seems to play an important role in control of viral disease, we advise pregnant patients to adopt a lifestyle which promotes health. We advise a balanced diet, an appropriate exercise program, and an environment free of unnecessary stress. We suggest avoidance of cigarettes, drugs, and alcohol.
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PMID:Herpes simplex and human papillomavirus genital infections: controversy over obstetric management. 196 24

The chronic fatigue syndrome is a poorly defined symptoms complex characterized primarily by chronic or recurrent debilitating fatigue and various combinations of other symptoms, including psychological symptoms, sore throat, lymph node pain, headache, myalgia, arthralgias. Psychological disturbances, ranging from mild depression or anxiety to severe behavioral abnormalities, are always present. Chronic fatigue syndrome is the name that more accurately describes this symptom complex of unknown cause. A viral aetiology has long been hypothesized: many viruses are potential candidates, including any of the 23 Coxsackie A or 6 Coxsackie B viruses, herpes viruses, particularly Epstein-Barr virus and varicella. These studies, though interesting, remain unconvincing because of methodological flaws such as a poor case definition and inadequate control groups. This syndrome may represent an infection by a yet unidentified virus. It is more likely due to an abnormal immune response toward different intracellular pathogens. There is no treatment to ameliorate the chronic fatigue syndrome. Epidemiological studies are essential with explicit operational case definition before progress can be made in the management of this distressing disorder.
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PMID:[The chronic fatigue syndrome. A multifactorial approach and the treatment possibilities]. 207 78

Herpes type infections in AIDS patients tend to be more severe, generalized and have a torpid evolution. We present here two cases of intravenous drug addicts with a clinical picture of ulcerative lesions with a scar in the perioral and ungual regions with an evolution of several months an which were diagnosed of Herpes Simplex by a histopathological study. They were treated with intravenous Acyclovir achieving a complete remission; one patient developed a pneumocystis carinii pneumonia a month later. We want to highlight the importance of this case as a clinical sign of profound cellular immunity depression as well as the risk of developing more severe conditions.
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PMID:[Herpes simplex infections in patients with AIDS]. 237 75

The replication of type 1 and type 2 strains of herpes simplex virus (HSV) was inhibited greater than 99.9% by low concentrations (0.1-0.2 microM) of anthracycline compounds. The degree of viral inhibition was dependent upon the host cell. N,N-dimethyl daunomycin (NDMD), a non-mutagenic compound, was more potent as an inhibitor of HSV synthesis than either daunomycin (DM) or adriamycin (AD). The depression of viral yield by DM or AD was attributable, in part, to a temperature-dependent direct effect on infectious virions. Tritium-labeled DM bound tightly to HSV particles. NDMD did not directly inactivate virions in spite of superior potency in reducing viral yields. All three anthracyclines could be added late in the infectious cycle (6-8 h p.i.) and retain effectiveness. Cesium chloride density gradient analysis verified that viral DNA synthesis was blocked by addition of all three anthracyclines early in the infectious cycle. The inhibition of HSV replication was not a simple consequence of the suppression of host DNA synthesis since treatment of cells with compounds for 24 h before infection did not reduce virus yields even though host DNA synthesis was inhibited by 90%. Further, the kinetics of inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis by anthracyclines was similar in HFF or Vero cells but the degree of inhibition of virus replication was markedly different. The data suggest that anthracyclines with substitutions on the sugar moiety may be useful anti-herpes agents.
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PMID:Inhibition of herpes simplex virus replication by anthracycline compounds. 283 Aug 45

This review presents recent studies examining the relationship between acute and chronic stressors, changes in immune function, and interpersonal relationships. Data are given which document immunosuppressive effects of commonplace, short-term stressors, as well as more prolonged stressors, such as marital disruption and caregiving for a relative with Alzheimer's disease. Immune changes included both quantitative and qualitative changes in immune cells, including changes in herpes virus latency, decreases in the percentages of T-helper lymphocytes and decreases in the numbers and function of natural killer cells. These effects occurred independently of changes in nutrition. Psychological variables, including loneliness, attachment and depression were related to the immune changes. The data are discussed in a framework in which quality interpersonal relationships may serve to attenuate the adverse immunological changes associated with psychological distress, and may have consequences for disease susceptibility and health.
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PMID:Immunological consequences of acute and chronic stressors: mediating role of interpersonal relationships. 328 39

The current study investigated the relationship of the passage of time and membership in a self-help group with coping behaviors and distress among people with genital herpes. A comparison between 116 people in herpes support groups and 36 community volunteers on the use of coping and level of emotional adjustment was undertaken. Results of the study indicated that people employed fewer coping strategies with increasing time since the onset of the stressor. This pattern was particularly clear in non-support-group subjects. In comparison, support-group members did not exhibit as significant a decrease in the use of coping strategies or as great an improvement in the level of depression and degree bothered by herpes over time. Selection factors and effects of self-help group membership are discussed as alternative explanations for these differences. Future research in the area of group membership as well as helpful and nonhelpful processes in these groups is suggested.
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PMID:Coping and adjustment to genital herpes: the effects of time and social support. 371 27

Hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA), a potent differentiating agent, was tested in patients with refractory, solid tumors. Twenty patients received 25 evaluable courses. HMBA was given by continuous i.v. infusion for 5 consecutive days with courses repeated every 4 wk, provided there was acceptable, reversible toxicity. The starting dose was 4.8 g/m2/day for 5 days with escalations in subsequent cohorts of patients to 43.2 g/m2/day for 5 days. The patients included 12 females and eight males with median age of 56 yr (range 35 to 75 yr) and a median performance status of 80% (range, 60 to 100%). All except two patients had received prior chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or both. Metabolic acidosis and neurotoxicity, consisting of agitation, hallucinations, confusion, and alteration of consciousness, were dose dependent and dose limiting. The one patient treated with 43.2 m/m2/day became acidotic, agitated, and disoriented but recovered to his previous mental and electrolyte status by 8 days after the end of the HMBA infusion. One patient treated with 33.6 g/m2/day became severely acidotic (pH 7.07) and obtunded and also developed myocardial and cerebral infarctions during the HMBA infusion. The other two patients treated with 33.6 g/m2/day became mildly agitated during drug infusion. Six patients were treated at 24 g/m2/day without neurotoxicity. Transient renal insufficiency was seen in the two patients with severe neurotoxicity and in three other patients. Dose-related, mild to moderate nausea and vomiting were observed in ten patients. Four patients developed cutaneous herpes infections during treatment. White blood cell depression was not dose related, and at 24 g/m2/day, the median white blood cell nadir was 4,500/microliter (range, 2,000 to 7,900/microliter). Thrombocytopenia was dose related. At 24 g/m2/day, the median platelet count nadir was 207,000/microliter (range, 66,000 to 542,000/microliter). No objective tumor regressions were noted. HMBA pharmacokinetics was studied at all dosages. Plasma and urine samples from 20 patients were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography for parent compound. HMBA plasma steady-state concentrations (Css) were achieved in all patients by 12 to 24 h into infusion. Once Css was achieved, daily variation was generally less than or equal to 10% from the mean Css. HMBA plasma Css increased linearly with dose, but there was variation in the Css achieved in individual patients at each dose. Doses of 24 to 33.6 g/m2/day consistently produced plasma HMBA Css of 1 to 2 mM matching concentrations required for differentiation in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of hexamethylene bisacetamide (NSC 95580) administered as a five-day continuous infusion. 379 Dec 46

Autopsy evidence of herpesvirus infection was found in visceral organs of four leukemic patients who had received large doses of cytarabine (cytosine arabinoside; Ara-C) shortly before their death. In three of these patients the infection was clinically unsuspected; in the fourth, cutaneous herpes zoster developed after administration of 300 mg of cytarabine daily for the preceding five days. Although cytarabine exhibits pronounced in vitro virucidal activity against herpes viruses and has been successfully used in clinical treatment of severe herpesvirus infections, the present findings and a review of the recent literature cast doubt on the antiviral effectiveness of this drug, particularly in already immunosuppressed patients, and suggest instead that such patients actually have an increased risk for development of disseminated herpesvirus infection owing to further depression of host defenses by the drug.
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PMID:Visceral herpesvirus infections in leukemic patients receiving cytarabine. 624 86

In vitro lymphocyte blastogenic responses to the commonly employed mitogens phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed, and concanavalin A were evaluated when acyclovir, adenine arabinoside, cytosine arabinoside, and idoxuridine were added to the culture materials. Similarly, specific antigen-induced blastogenic responses, including herpes group antigens, and cytotoxicity and leukocyte inhibitory factor assays with herpes group viruses were determined in the presence and absence of antiviral agents. No depression of these cellular immmune responses by acyclovir or adenine arabinoside ws demonstrated. This was in contrast to the effects of cytosine arabinoside and idoxuridine, which severely inhibited blastogenic and cytotoxic responses but not leukocyte inhibitory factor production. Even at concentrations up to 20 microgram/ml, the antiviral agent acyclovir did not depress selected cellular immune responses that are important for successful elimination of invading herpes group viruses.
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PMID:Comparative in vitro imunotoxicology of acyclovir and other antiviral agents. 624 51

Immune responses and infections with herpes viruses were studied prospectively in 36 cardiac transplant recipients. Specific lymphocyte transformation and interferon production in response to viral antigens, viral culture results, antibody levels, responses to phytohemagglutinin, and T-cell numbers were determined. Responses to phytohemagglutinin and T-cell numbers were depressed for six to 12 weeks. Cytomegalovirus infection occurred in 100 percent of seropositive patients and in 62 percent of seronegative patients. Primary infection was more frequently symptomatic. Heart implantation from a seropositive patient wwas significantly correlated with subsequent infection in seronegative patients. Depression of transformation in response to cytomegalovirus correlated with prolonged shedding. Herpes simplex infection occurred in 95 percent of seropositive patients but decreased after 12 weeks. Asymptomatic shedding was rare, and primary infection did not occur. Return of transformation in response to herpes simplex was associated with decreased infection. Herpes zoster occurred in 22 percent during the first year, and transformation responses to varicella-zoster returned thereafter. Depression of interferon production in response to viruses did not correlate with infection as well as did lymphocyte transformation.
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PMID:Specific cell-mediated immunity and infections with herpes viruses in cardiac transplant recipients. 629 87


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