Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (
depression
)
172,036
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
Most orchid species exhibit an extreme case of
hermaphroditism
, owing to the fusion of male and female organs into a gynostemium. Exceptions to this rule have only been reported from the subtribes Catasetinae and Satyriinae. Here, I report an additional orchidaceous example whose flowers are not always hermaphroditic. In several Japanese populations of
Eulophia zollingeri
(Rchb.f.) J.J.Sm, a widespread Asian and Oceanian orchid, some flowers possess both the anther (i.e., anther cap and pollinaria) and stigma, whereas others possess only the stigma. Therefore, pollination experiments, an investigation of floral morphology and observations of floral visitors were conducted to understand the reproductive biology of
E. zollingeri
in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. It was confirmed that
E. zollingeri
studied here possesses a gynomonoecious reproductive system, a sexual system in which a single plant has both female flowers and hermaphroditic flowers. In addition, hermaphroditic flowers often possess an effective self-pollination system while female flowers could avoid autogamy but suffered from severe pollinator limitation, due to a lack of agamospermy and low insect-mediated pollination. The present study represents the first documented example of gynomonoecy within Orchidaceae. Gynomonoecy in
E. zollingeri
may be maintained by the tradeoff in reproductive traits between female flowers (with low fruit set but potential outcrossing benefits) and hermaphroditic flowers (with high fruit set but inbreeding
depression
in selfed offspring). This mixed mating is probably important in mycoheterotrophic
E. zollingeri
because it occurs in shaded forest understorey with a paucity of pollinators.
...
PMID:Gynomonoecy in a mycoheterotrophic orchid
Eulophia zollingeri
with autonomous selfing hermaphroditic flowers and putatively outcrossing female flowers. 3319 32
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