Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To assess the efficacy of recombinant alfa 2b-interferon treatment "Heberon alfa R" in children with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) B virus, we conducted a long-term study (three years) in 22 children infected with hepatitis B virus (17 males and 5 females), age range 3 to 15 years. Diagnostic criteria included the clinical picture, laboratory tests, virus markers (HBeAg, HBsAg), laparoscopy and liver biopsy. Children under 12 years received 3 million IU of interferon per day whereas those older than 12 years received 6 million IU of interferon per day by intramuscular injection, three times per week for four months. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels had been elevated for six months in all patients and hepatitis B viral infection was replicative. A variance analysis was made to evaluate ALT response to interferon administration and the Mc Nemar test was used to analyze HBeAg/anti-HBe behavior. Seventeen (77%) out of 22 patients responded to treatment (clearance of HBeAg and ALT levels returned to normal. HBeAg seroconversion (anti-HBe) occurred in 36% of patients during the first year (p < 0.01) and it increased to 50% by the third year follow-up. ALAT levels also decreased and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01). This occurred during and after treatment with a steady and increasing tendency to return to normal levels within the first and third year. Side effects were scarce, transient and tolerable and they only appeared during the initial phase of treatment; symptoms were mainly influenza-like and they disappeared very soon. There were no late side effects such as medullar depression, renal toxicity and glycemia alterations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Long term study of the treatment with recombinant alfa 2b interferon in chronic active hepatitis due to B virus in children and adolescents]. 755 76

Seven horses developed clinical or subclinical hepatitis 48 to 87 days after administration of tetanus antitoxin. One horse had mildly high hepatic enzyme activity 120 days after inoculation with tetanus antitoxin. The first horse developed signs of depression, lethargy, and anorexia. During hospitalization, signs of hepatoencephalopathy were noticed, and laboratory data were consistent with hepatic disease. Another horse that was found dead had gross and histologic lesions compatible with serum hepatitis. Screening of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and aspartate transaminase activities were used to investigate the remaining horses in the herd. High GGT activities (71 to 206 IU/L) were detected in 5 additional herd members. These horses appeared clinically normal, apart from 2 reports of nasal photosensitization and an aborted fetus. In 3 horses, high serum GGT activity persisted over a 44-day testing period. All affected horses had been given tetanus antitoxin within 12 hours of parturition, and a common source of vaccine was identified for 7 horses. Findings in this group of horses indicate that clinical and subclinical serum hepatitis can develop after administration of tetanus antitoxin.
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PMID:Hepatic disease associated with administration of tetanus antitoxin in eight horses. 778 47

Recent advances have been made in the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis, mainly with recombinant interferon (IFN) alpha. However, the present treatment of chronic viral hepatitis is not entirely satisfactory because the efficacy is inconstant and/or incomplete. In chronic hepatitis B IFN-alpha induces a sustained interruption of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication, with a HBeAg to anti-HBe seroconversion in about 30% of patients. Patients most likely to respond are those with no immunosuppression, HBV infection acquired during adulthood or active liver disease with low HBV replication. Responders usually show a significant decrease in serum HBV DNA levels during the first 2 months of therapy, followed by a significant increase in the level of aminotransferases. New nucleoside analogues might be useful in combination with IFN-alpha in the treatment of those who do not respond to IFN therapy. In chronic hepatitis B-D, the rate of sustained response to IFN-alpha therapy is low. To be effective, IFN-alpha must be used at a high dosage (9-10 mega units) with a long duration (1 year). In chronic hepatitis C, IFN-alpha at a dosage of 3 mega units over 6 months, induces a sustained response in about 20% of patients. A higher dosage of IFN (5-10 mega units) and a longer duration of treatment increases the rate of sustained response but is associated with poor tolerance. Non-responders to a first course of IFN do not respond to a second course of treatment. In patients who respond but relapse after treatment, the rate of sustained response after a second course of IFN needs to be assessed. Ribavirin, which has a significant antiviral effect on hepatitis C virus, might be useful in combination with IFN-alpha. At the dosage (3-6 mega units) usually used, IFN-alpha is relatively well tolerated. In about 10% of the patients therapy is interrupted, mainly because of severe fatigue, thyroid dysfunction or depression.
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PMID:Treatment of chronic viral hepatitis. 794 57

Fifty-six patients with biopsy-proven, chronic active hepatitis B were included in a multi-center, randomized trial comparing steroid withdrawal followed by 1.5 MU recombinant interferon alpha 2b (Intron) with placebo withdrawal followed by either 1.5 or 5 MU interferon. The patients were equally distributed between the treatment groups with respect to biochemical and histologic activity as well as with respect to DNA levels and quantitative liver function tests. One patient was lost to follow up. After 1 year of treatment, 10/18, 13/19 and 11/18 patients had lost hepatitis B virus DNA in the three groups, respectively (non-significant). Transaminase levels were normal in 27/34 of the responders but in only 4/21 of the non-responders (p < 0.0001). Both galactose elimination capacity and aminopyrine breath test improved significantly in responders, but either did not change (aminopyrine breath test) or deteriorated in non-responders (galactose elimination capacity). Biopsy score improved in both groups but this reached statistical significance only in responders. This effect was due to improvements in both inflammatory and fibrotic activity. Side effects included almost universally a flu-like syndrome, granulocytopenia (1), depression (3) and thyroid dysfunction (2). Two deaths occurred, one due to hepatocellular cancer, and the other to hepatorenal syndrome after spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. A severe cytolytic episode was observed in three patients in the steroid withdrawal group. We conclude that in patients with marked histologic activity, lower doses of interferon may be as effective as the standard dose of 5 MU.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Efficacy of steroid withdrawal and low-dose interferon treatment in chronic active hepatitis B. Results of a randomized multicenter trial. Swiss Association for the Study of the Liver. 800 96

In order to examine the character and phases of injury to the nervous system in HIV infection, 207 persons were observed. In 100, antibodies to the virus and to its separate proteins were discovered by immunofermentation analysis (IFA) reaction and by Western blot test. In 67, first phases of acute inflammation asymptomatic of persistent generalized lymphadenopathy were registered; and in 33, other ailments were found. In this group, which consisted of 74 men and 26 women aged 18-45, 91 were citizens of the Community of Independent States (15 of whom had served in the military) and 9 were citizens of other countries (4 had seen military duty). 75% of cases contracted the infection via sexual transmission. The control group comprised 65 seropositive people at the first screening confirmed by IFA but negative or doubtful by Western blot. Clinical laboratory and special psychological investigations were carried out using a 16-factor personality questionnaire and standard personality analysis methods. Generalized lymphadenopathy was found in 78%, hepatomegaly in 69%, chronic infection of the upper respiratory tract 67%, dermatological pathologies 33%, acute infections 32% (syphilis, hepatitis B), splenomegaly 20%, diarrhea and loss of more than 10% of body mass 11%. There was significant decrease of T-helper cells in 82.8%, in the correlation of the quality of T helper cells and T suppressor cells in 72.4%. In 67 persons who were in the second stage of HIV infection, there was a high frequency of pathological psychological symptoms. According to the personality scale, 60% had schizoid signs, 50% had depression, 40% had psychopathy, 30% had psychasthenia, and 20% had paranoia. When 33 persons in the second and third phase of the disease were measured, schizoid signs increased to 85.7%, depression to 78.6%, psychopathy to 57.1%, psychasthenia to 71.4%, and paranoia to 64.3%. In the first phases of the disease mainly hypochondria, depression, and hysteria predominated, and as the disease progressed, psychopathy, paranoia, psychasthenia, schizoid signs, and mania rose.
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PMID:[HIV infection: the clinical and expert diagnostic aspects]. 817 5

The course of disease associated with infection with the human immunodeficiency virus varies widely. Some patients deteriorate rapidly, while others live for years, even after an illness that defines the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this study, comorbidity, or the presence of concurrent health problems, was investigated prospectively as a possible co-factor for different rates of decline in 395 homosexual/bisexual men in the San Francisco Men's Health Study (SFMHS) who were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Comorbidity data obtained from baseline interviews included both chronic and infectious diseases as well as depression. Smoking, alcohol, and drug use were also examined. The most prevalent comorbid conditions were sexually transmitted diseases (90%) and hepatitis B infection (76%). Most chronic and acute concurrent health conditions were not significant discrete predictors of survival to AIDS or death after controlling for immune status and markers of disease progression. Significantly, other risk factors (e.g., depression and smoking) were found to be associated with more rapid progression. Men with symptoms of depression had a higher risk of progression of AIDS diagnosis; the relative hazard (RH) was 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-2.08); smoking was associated with higher risk of death (RH, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.20-2.17). Older age was marginally associated with poorer survival to death. No associations were found between survival and alcohol and drug use.
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PMID:Comorbidity and survival in HIV-infected men in the San Francisco Men's Health Survey. 891 73

13 patients with generalized hyperergic vasculitides and 20 patients with rheumatism were examined for antibodies against antigens of viruses of hepatitis B and C. In the majority of patients with vasculitides and almost half of those with rheumatism, there have been revealed antibodies against antigens of hepatitis B or C. These findings allow some judgement about importance of viral infection in the development of autoimmune and infectious and allergic diseases, which observation may be related to a significant depression of the suppressor function of T-lymphocytes by viral infection.
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PMID:[Viral infection and rheumatic diseases]. 922 Nov 40

Interferon alpha is currently used in chronic hepatitis and side effects are well known. They always must be kept in mind to start and to follow a patient under this therapy. A large number of autoantibodies may appear during interferon therapy, usually without clinical manifestations. The detection of dysthyroidism, requires measurement of antithyroid antibodies and TSH before and during interferon therapy. Exacerbation of chronic liver disease under IFN may be found in case of seroconversion in a patient with hepatitis B cirrhosis or in patient with a misdiagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. Neurolopsychological disturbances are frequently reported; most of them spontaneously disappear. However, depression must be detected because of the risk of attempted or successful suicide. Worsening or sudden onset of psoriasis or lichen planus have been reported in patients treated with interferon. Appearance or aggravation of some clinical symptoms and biochemical tests may threaten life's patient under IFN therapy. The decision to maintain or to interrupt therapy should take into account the response to interferon and the severity of side effect.
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PMID:Practical management of patients treated with alpha interferon. 939 77

Cell mediated immune response (CMIR) was studies in 120 patients having chronic liver diseases. Patients were divided into 6 groups, (20 each). (1) Early hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis. (EHSS), (2) Late hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis. (LHSS), (3) Hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis with hepatitis B and/or C infections, (4) Hepatitis B virus cases. (HBV), (5) Hepatitis C virus cases (HCV), (6) Hepatocellular carcinoma cases. (HCC). Twenty within normal subjects taken as controls. Laboratory investigations revealed significant esinophilia in patients of group (1), haemoglobin level was significantly reduced in patients of group (1, 2, 3, & 6), serum albumin was significantly reduced in group (2). The percentage of positivity of skin testing using purified protein derivative, ranged between 10% of patients with LHSS, HBV, HCC and HSS with HBV and/or HCV, 20% of patients with HCV and 25% of patients with EHSS. Percentage of positivity in control group was 100%. The mean diameter of delayed intradermal reaction (2.2 +/- 0.5-6.1 +/- 2.1 mms.) was significantly lower in patients than controls. The response of lymphocyte transformation test to phytohaemmagglutinin was significantly lower in patients when compared to controls. The association of HBV and/or HCV with hepatosplenomegaly was accompanied with a marked depression in cell mediated immune response. Anaemia, hypoalbuminemia and nutritional status of the patients with chronic liver diseases play a major role in the suppression of cell mediated immune response.
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PMID:Cell mediated immune response in chronic liver diseases: schistosomal, viral and neoplastic. 991 13

The iridoid glycosides including aucubin (AU), catalpol (CA), swertimarin (SW), and gardenoside (GA) are frequently found as natural constituents of many traditional oriental medicinal plants including Chinese herbs. Among these iridoid glycosides, AU was systematically studied for its potent liver-protective activities using experimental systems of hepatic damage. AU showed high liver-protective activity against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in mice. Also AU showed significant protective activity against alpha-amanitin-induced hepatic damage in mice, and it prevented a depression of liver RNA biosynthesis caused by alpha-amanitin administration. Potent antidotal effects on mushroom poisoning in beagle dogs ingested with aqueous extract of Amanita virosa was observed; beagle dogs completely survived, even when AU administration was withheld for half an hour after mushroom poisoning. In addition, AU was found to suppress hepatitis B viral DNA replication in vitro. Conversion of AU to its aglycone form appeared to be a prerequisite step for an exhibition of such antiviral activity.
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PMID:Liver-protective activities of aucubin derived from traditional oriental medicine. 1010 May 10


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