Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Circulating immune complexes (CICs) were detected during the course of experimental hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection in 8 of 9 chimpanzees. In all cases, the predominant class of antibody detected in the CIC was IgM. The appearance of IgM-CIC usually preceded the onset of liver enzyme elevations, and in all instances, the appearance of IgM-CIC correlated with the presence of IgM anti-HAV. Six of 8 animals tested had significant depression of C3 concentrations during the course of infection, and this depression occurred at the peak of CIC activity. Immunohistologic studies demonstrated granular deposits of IgM localized in sinusoidal cells during peak of IgM-CIC activity. IgM-CICs appear to be a fairly consistent finding during HAV infection and probably represent the viremic phase of the disease. However, they do not appear to mediate hepatocellular injury by direct action on hepatocytes.
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PMID:Appearance of immune complexes during experimental hepatitis A infection in chimpanzees. 284 36

Sera from 37 Nigerian men with Kaposi's sarcoma were examined for evidence of infection with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and Candida albicans. For comparison purposes, sera from 30 patients with primary cell liver carcinoma and 150 health young adults were also assessed. The Kaposi's sarcoma patients were in poor general condition, with severe anemia and gross sepsis. In each case, cutaneous disease affected only the limbs-- a finding that is in contrast with the visceral organ involvement seen in most black African victims. The serologic testing provided clear evidence that tropical African Kaposi's sarcoma is not associated with HTLV-III infection; non of the 217 serum samples analyzed from the 3 study groups showed antibodies to this virus. A widespread pattern among the Kaposi's sarcoma and liver carcinoma patients was depression of peripheral blood monocyte chemotaxis and a diminished, delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to tuberculin. All patients in these 2 groups demonstrated circulating antibodies to CMV, EBV, HBV, AND HAV. Candida albicans was isolated from 30 of the 37 Kaposi's sarcoma patients and all 30 liver carcinoma patients compared with none of the health controls. These findings suggest that endemic tropical African Kaposi's sarcoma is a different disease than the epidemic AIDS-linked Kaposi's sarcoma reported from the US, and it is probable that different etiologic agents are involved in each case.
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PMID:Kaposi's sarcoma and HTLV-III: a study in Nigerian adult males. 302 63

Polymorphonuclear leucocytes function--Gey mobility, chemotaxis, NBT and myeloperoxidases--was studied in 29 patients with active viral infection and after clinic recuperation: 19 mumps meningitis, five measles, three varicella, one adenovirosis and one hepatitis A; these patients were compared with 31 age matched controls. Gey mobility and chemotaxis was markedly depressed during the acute period (p [0.05 and p less than 0.001 respectively), returning to normal values with clearing of infection. Also, myeloperoxidase decreases during acute period (p less than 0.05), but they don't return to normal values with clinic recuperation (p less than 0.05). NBT was similar in both groups. Studying mumps meningitis alone authors observed that results were similar to before: chemotaxis deficit (p less than 0.05) and myeloperoxidases (p less than 0,01). According to these results depression of polymorphonuclear function justifies only partially the higher predisposition to bacterial superinfection that some viral infections have.
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PMID:[Reduction of the function of polymorphonucleocytes: chemotaxis and myeloperoxidases in viral infections in childhood]. 609 60

A longitudinal study was carried out in 40 patients with typhoid fever, 21 with infectious hepatitis and 15 with amebic liver abscess in order to determine percentual values of lymphocytes T and B in relation with age and nutritional state as compared to a normal control group. In patients with typhoid fever, a decrease of percentual values of lymphocytes T was observed starting on the second week of evolution with intensification on the third week, predominating in patients less than seven years of age and in malnourished cases (p less than 0.001) and late recovery in the group of patients less than seven years old. In patients with acute infectious hepatitis, there was depression of lymphocytes T that persisted to the eighth week and was independent of age, but more severe in the malnourished (p less than 0.001). In cases with amebic liver abscess, depression of lymphocytes T was observed during the first six weeks of evolution without relation with age or the state of nutrition, but with increased slowliness in recovery in patients under seven years. There were no disturbances in lymphocytes B nor in cutaneous response to dinitrofluorobencene (DNFB) in the three groups of patients.
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PMID:[T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood during acute infections]. 696 54

A 37-year-old woman presented with increasing abdominal pain and jaundice. Six weeks before admission, she developed persistent diarrhea and jaundice of the skin. She also bruised easily, and her gums bled. In the subsequent weeks, her appetite decreased, she was fatigued, and she had nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distension. She had a history of drinking 1 quart of vodka every day for 20 years, with brief periods of abstinence; she stopped consuming alcohol 11 days before admission because it no longer provided symptomatic relief. Her past medical history was also notable for depression, including a suicide attempt 4 years earlier. She did not smoke, use illicit drugs, or have unprotected sexual intercourse. She had received no blood transfusions and had not traveled recently. She took no medications, except for occasional ibuprofen. On physical examination, she was thin and deeply jaundiced, and she trembled and responded slowly to questions. She was afebrile but tachypneic, and she had orthostatic hypotension. Her HEENT examination was notable for scleral and sublingual icterus, as well as crusted blood on her gums and teeth. The jugular veins were flat. The cardiac examination revealed tachycardia (heart rate, 103 beats per minute) without murmurs, rubs, or gallops. The abdomen was nontender and protuberant, with hypoactive bowel sounds; the spleen was not palpable, and there was no fluid wave or caput medusae. The liver percussed to 18 cm, with a smooth edge extending 10 cm below the costal margin. She had cutaneous telangiectases on her chest and bilateral palmar erythema. There was no peripheral edema. The neurologic examination was notable for asterixis. Her stool was guaiac positive. Laboratory studies revealed the following values: hematocrit, 21.2%; white blood cells, 17,310/mm(3); ammonia, 42 micromol/L; serum creatinine, 3.9 mg/dL; serum urea nitrogen, 70 mg/dL; albumin, 2.1 g/dL; total bilirubin, 26.8 mg/dL; alanine aminotransferase, 14 U/L; aspartate aminotransferase, 77 U/L; alkaline phosphatase, 138 U/L; prothrombin time, 103 seconds (international normalized ratio, 10.6); and urinary sodium, <5 mg/dL. Urinalysis revealed an elevated specific gravity and numerous muddy granular casts. Hepatitis A, B, and C serologies were negative. On abdominal ultrasound examination, there was no ascites, and the liver was echogenic. The portal and hepatic veins were patent, and the hepatic arteries were normal. The spleen measured 14 cm. What is the diagnosis?
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PMID:Cases from the Osler Medical Service at Johns Hopkins University. 1258 38

Pancytopenia is a very rare condition associated with hepatitis A infection. We managed a 12 year old boy who had hepatitis A infection with anemia. His hemogram and bone marrow examination were suggestive of pancytopenia. Pancytopenia recovered without any specific therapy. There are case reports of severe aplastic anemia with hepatitis A infection that required immunosuppressive therapy. The present case did not require any aggressive therapy and recovered. In a young child with hepatitis A infection and anemia, bone marrow depression should be suspected. The pancytopenia may be transient as exemplified by the present case.
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PMID:Pancytopenia in a child associated with hepatitis A infection. 1708 20

Glycyrrhetinic Acid and its salts and esters and Glycyrrhizic Acid and its salts and esters are cosmetic ingredients that function as flavoring agents or skin-conditioning agents - miscellaneous or both. These chemicals may be isolated from licorice plants. Glycyrrhetinc Acid is described as at least 98% pure, with 0.6% 24-OH-Glycyrrhetinic Acid, not more than 20 mu g/g of heavy metals and not more than 2 mu g/g of arsenic. Ammonium Glycyrrhizate has been found to be at least 98% pure and Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate has been found to be at least 95% pure. Glycyrrhetinic Acid is used in cosmetics at concentrations of up to 2%; Stearyl Glycyrrhetinate, up to 1%; Glycyrrhizic Acid, up to 0.1%; Ammonium Glycyrrhizate, up to 5%; Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate, up to 1%; and Potassium Glycyrretinate, up to 1%. Although Glycyrrhizic Acid is poorly absorbed by the intestinal tract, it may be hydrolyzed to Glycyrrhetinic Acid by a beta -glucuronidase produced by intestinal bacteria. Glycyrrhetinic Acid and Glycyrrhizic Acid bind to rat and human albumin, but do not absorb well into tissues. Glycyrrhetinic Acid and Glycyrrhizic Acid and metabolites are mostly excreted in the bile, with very little excreted in urine. Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate was undetectable in the receptor chamber when tested for transepidermal permeation through pig skin. Glycyrrhizic Acid increased the dermal penetration of diclofenac sodium in rat skin. Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate increased the intestinal absorption of calcitonin in rats. In humans, Glycyrrhetinic Acid potentiated the effects of hydrocortisone in the skin. Moderate chronic or high acute exposure to Glycyrrhizic Acid, Ammonium Glycyrrhizate, and their metabolites have been demonstrated to cause transient systemic alterations, including increased potassium excretion, sodium and water retention, body weight gain, alkalosis, suppression of the renin-angiotensis-aldosterone system, hypertension, and muscular paralysis; possibly through inhibition of 11beta -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 (11beta -OHSD2) in the kidney. Glycyrrhetinic Acid and its derivatives block gap junction intracellular communication in a dose-dependent manner in animal and human cells, including epithelial cells, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, hepatocytes, and astrocytes; at high concentrations, it is cytotoxic. Glycyrrhetinic Acid and Glycyrrhizic Acid protect liver tissue from carbon tetrachloride. Glycyrrhizic Acid has been used to treat chronic hepatitis, inhibiting the penetration of the hepatitis A virus into hepatocytes. Glycyrrhetinic Acid and Glycyrrhizic Acid have anti-inflammatory effects in rats and mice. The acute intraperitoneal LD(50) for Glycyrrhetinic Acid in mice was 308 mg/kg and the oral LD(50) was > 610 mg/kg. The oral LD(50) in rats was reported to be 610 mg/kg. Higher LD(50) values were generally reported for salts. Little short-term, subchronic, or chronic toxicity was seen in rats given ammonium, dipotassium, or disodium salts of Glycyrrhizic Acid. Glycyrrhetinic Acid was not irritating to shaved rabbit skin, but was considered slightly irritating in an in vitro test. Glycyrrhetinic Acid inhibited the mutagenic activity of benzo[a]pyrene and inhibited tumor initiation and promotion by other agents in mice. Glycyrrhizic Acid inhibited tumor initiation by another agent, but did not prevent tumor promotion in mice. Glycyrrhizic Acid delayed mortality in mice injected with Erlich ascites tumor cells, but did not reduce the mortality rate. Ammonium Glycyrrhizate was not genotoxic in in vivo and in vitro cytogenetics assays, the dominant lethal assay, an Ames assay, and heritable translocation tests, except for possible increase in dominant lethal mutations in rats given 2000 mg/kg day(-1) in their diet. Disodium Glycyrrhizate was not carcinogenic in mice in a drinking water study at exposure levels up to 12.2 mg/kg day(-1) for 96 weeks. Glycyrrhizate salts produced no reproductive or developmental toxicity in rats, mice, golden hamsters, or Dutch-belted rabbits, except for a dose-dependent increase (at 238.8 and 679.9 mg/kg day(-1)) in sternebral variants in a study using rats. Sedation, hypnosis, hypothermia, and respiratory depression were seen in mice given 1250 mg/kg Glycyrrhetinic Acid intraperitoneally. Rats fed a powdered diet containing up to 4% Ammonium Glycyrrhizate had no treatment related effects in motor function tests, but active avoidance was facilitated at 4%, unaffected at 3%, and depressed at 2%. In a study of 39 healthy volunteers, a no effect level of 2 mg/kg/day was determined for Glycyrrhizic Acid given orally for 8 weeks. Clinical tests in seven normal individuals given oral Ammonium Glycyrrhizate at 6 g/day for 3 days revealed reduced renal and thermal sweat excretion of Na+ and K+, but carbohydrate and protein metabolism were not affected. Glycyrrhetinic Acid at concentrations up to 6% was not a skin irritant or a sensitizer in clinical tests. Neither Glycyrrhizic Acid, Ammonium Glycyrrhizate, nor Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate at 5% were phototoxic agents or photosensitizers. Birth weight and maternal blood pressure were unrelated to the level of consumption of Glycyrrhizic Acid in 1049 Finnish women with infants, but babies whose mother consumed > 500 mg/wk were more likely to be born before 38 weeks. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel noted that the ingredients in this safety assessment are not plant extracts, powders, or juices, but rather are specific chemical species that may be isolated from the licorice plant. Because these chemicals may be isolated from plant sources, however, steps should be taken to assure that pesticide and toxic metal residues are below acceptable levels. The Panel advised the industry that total polychlorobiphenyl (PCB)/pesticide contamination should be limited to not more than 40 ppm, with not more than 10 ppm for any specific residue, and that toxic metal levels must not contain more than 3 mg/kg of arsenic (as As), not more than 0.002% heavy metals, and not more than 1 mg/kg of lead (as Pb). Although the Panel noted that Glycyrrhizic Acid is cytotoxic at high doses and ingestion can have physiological effects, there is little acute, short-term, subchronic, or chronic toxicity and it is expected that these ingredients would be poorly absorbed through the skin. These ingredients are not considered to be irritants, sensitizers, phototoxic agents, or photosensitizers at the current maximum concentration of use. Accordingly, the CIR Expert Panel concluded that these ingredients are safe in the current practices of use and concentration. The Panel recognizes that certain ingredients in this group are reportedly used in a given product category, but the concentration of use is not available. For other ingredients in this group, information regarding use concentration for specific product categories is provided, but the number of such products is not known. In still other cases, an ingredient is not in current use, but may be used in the future. Although there are gaps in knowledge about product use, the overall information available on the types of products in which these ingredients are used and at what concentration indicate a pattern of use. Within this overall pattern of use, the Expert Panel considers all ingredients in this group to be safe.
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PMID:Final report on the safety assessment of Glycyrrhetinic Acid, Potassium Glycyrrhetinate, Disodium Succinoyl Glycyrrhetinate, Glyceryl Glycyrrhetinate, Glycyrrhetinyl Stearate, Stearyl Glycyrrhetinate, Glycyrrhizic Acid, Ammonium Glycyrrhizate, Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate, Disodium Glycyrrhizate, Trisodium Glycyrrhizate, Methyl Glycyrrhizate, and Potassium Glycyrrhizinate. 1761 33

Polysubstance use has been posited to be a significant contributor to excess burden of HIV disease among men who have sex with men (MSM). The current study investigated polysubstance use and sexual risk among men who utilize Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH) van services (such as HIV, chlamydia, gonorrhea, or syphilis testing; Hepatitis A and B vaccinations) at venues targeting MSM. Participants (n = 214) completed a one-time, cross-sectional survey via an audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) in English or Spanish between June 2007 and September 2007. Fifteen percent of the overall sample did not know their HIV status; 11% reported polysubstance use (concurrent use of three or more: poppers, ecstasy, GHB, cocaine, crystal methamphetamine, Viagra) during sex in the 12 months prior to study enrollment. Polysubstance users were more likely to be HIV infected (odds ratio [OR] = 4.62; p = 0.03) and to have a history of one or more sexually transmitted diseases (STDs; OR = 4.74; p = 0.03) relative to participants who did not report polysubstance use during sex. After controlling for covariates of age, race/ethnicity, education level, insurance status, sexual orientation, STD history, HIV status, and depression, multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that polysubstance users were 9 times more likely to have reported unprotected anal (insertive or receptive) sex in the 12 months prior to study enrollment (adjusted OR = 9.53; p = 0.007) compared to nonpolysubstance-using MSM. Polysubstance users lacked access to care (21% were uninsured) and the overwhelming majority (96%) were first time users of mobile health van services. Accessible outreach services for MSM such as mobile van services need to include drug screening and interventions that triage men into treatment programs; year-round availability of van services is warranted.
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PMID:Polysubstance use and HIV/STD risk behavior among Massachusetts men who have sex with men accessing Department of Public Health mobile van services: implications for intervention development. 1875 4

A 52-year-old African-American woman with overall good health and medical history of asthma and depression presented with right lower quadrant abdominal pain, vomiting and icterus for 3 weeks. Her physical examination was remarkable for only sclera icterus and mild tenderness on palpation in the right lower quadrant. Investigations revealed marked hyperbilirubinemia and transaminitis, with other serological and radiological studies unremarkable and a hepatitis A, B and C panel negative 3 weeks before presentation. Repeat hepatitis panel showing hepatitis C antibody positive with viral load 20 739 524 IU/mL. Liver biopsy supported the diagnosis of acute hepatitis C infection.
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PMID:Profound jaundice in a patient with acute hepatitis C. 2403 Oct 74

In June 2015, a highly fatal and acute disease broke out in a duckling farm in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. The birds exhibited poor growth, reduced movement, lying in a dorsal recumbent position, depression, lethargy, ataxia and opisthotonus, with a high mortality rate of approximately 76%. By performing a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using primers specific for duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1), we obtained the PCR products of a predicted size. The nucleotide sequences of the PCR products showed a >96% identity with that of the DHAV-1, HB02 strain, which was isolated in China. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the DHAV-1 virus has been isolated since its outbreak in Japan in 1963.
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PMID:An outbreak of duck hepatitis A virus type 1 infection in Japan. 2841 74


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