Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0011570 (depression)
 172,036 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-two patients with heart disease in addition to another disability were monitored continuously with the ten-hour electrocardiographic (ECG) tape. Eighteen of the 32 patients manifested abnormalities of rate, rhythm or ST-segment depression. Patients with arrhythmia eventually did better than those with other ECG abnormalities because drug therapy was successful in abolishing the abnormal rhythm in most cases. Those patients with excessive tachycardia did poorly as a group in so far as their rehabilitation program was concerned. This technique of continuous ECG monitoring may be helpful in assessing myocardial performance in these patients and in defining the prescription for rehabilitation therapy.
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PMID:Myocardial performance of disabled patients in a rehabilitation program. 12 63

Insulin accelerates the entry of glucose and amino acids into muscle cells by acting upon the 'carrier-facilitated' transport mechanism. For glucose this process is passive and leads to equilibration of intracellular and extracellular concentrations. In heart muscle, glucose transport is a rate-limiting step for glucose uptake. During hypoxia and ischemia the heart turns to anaerobic glycolysis for energy production and therefore, maximal glucose transport becomes important. Insulin is necessary to insure proper protein synthesis, probably at the level of membrane-bound polyribosomes. However, during myocardial hypoxia, insulin alone cannot restore the associated depression in protein synthesis. Although insulin hyperpolarizes the cell, a change in the ratio of intracellular to extracellular activities of potassium is not its primary mode of action. An insulin-induced configurational change in the plasma membrane could simultaneously account for the effects of insulin on sodium and potassium permeability and the action on facilitated transport. Intracellular levels of cyclic adenylate may be reduced by insulin in adipose tissue because of inhibition of adenyl cyclase or stimulation of phosphodiesterase. However, at this time there is little evidence that insulin alters cyclic AMP levels in the heart. Insulin secretion is depressed in patients with heart disease in proportion to the reduction of cardiac index sustained. Since the ischemic heart is dependent upon glucose as the major fuel, insulin lack may deprive the heart of adequate substrate.
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PMID:Insulin: fundamental mechanism of action and the heart. 18 67

The widespread use of ethyl alcohol suggests its potential importance in clinical medicine. There is no proven therapeutic effect in cardiac patients and its role as an etiologic factor in heart disease has been disputed over the years and attributed to coexistent malnutrition. The latter factor, however, has been dissociated from ethanol use in many patients with the cardiomyopathic form of heart failure. Major support for the role of ethanol as a toxic agent when used in large amounts for a prolonged period has been obtained in various species of animals, including the subhuman primate. Abnormalities include depression of ventricular function, and metabolic and morphologic changes that parallel the changes in humans with preclinical malfunction of the heart. While the mechanism of progression to heart failure or arrhythmias is not known, several factors may be associated. These include, particularly in males, the cumulative effects of ethanol alone or after intensified drinking episodes, simultaneous exposure to trace metals in excess, and occasional specific nutritional deficiency or superimposed infection. The low prevalence of clinical nutritional deficiency in patients with alcoholic cardiomyopathy and the infrequency of heart disease in patients with cirrhosis or neuropathy supports the view that the cardiac abnormality is commonly not dependent on malnutrition. Clinical data indicate that the cessation of alcohol intake may reverse the disease or interrupt its progression in many patients. However, the pathogenic process may continue unabated in some patients who become abstinent.
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PMID:The role of ethanol in cardiac disease. 32 69

The effects of intravenously administered disopyramide phosphate were evaluated in seven patients with refractory ventricular tachycardia. All patients had organic heart disease, including acute infarction (three patients), chronic coronary artery disease (two patients) and cardiomyopathy (two patients). The severity of the heart disease was reflected in the advanced patient age (average 64 years) and the occurrence before disopyramide therapy of cardiac arrest in five patients and congestive heart failure in all seven patients. In five patients, disopyramide was given as a bolus injection, 2 mg/kg body weight, followed by an infusion of 20 to 40 mg/hour. The final two patients received 4 mg/kg divided as a bolus injection and an infusion over 1 hour followed by a 0.4 mg/kg infusion during the next hour. Intravenous administration of disopyramide resulted in more effective electrical stability in all patients and completely eliminated ventricular tachycardia in six. Recurrence of ventricular tachycardia was prevented in six patients with subsequent long-term oral administration of disopyramide. Possible dose-related cardiac pump depression occurred in two patients, but disopyramide was otherwise well tolerated. Therefore, these data document the therapeutic efficacy of disopyramide in the treatment of refractory life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
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PMID:Efficacy of disopyramide phosphate in the treatment of refractory ventricular tachycardia. 32 16

The National Exercise and Heart Disease Project (NEHDP) was funded by the Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA) of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, to determine the effects of regular physical activity on the rehabilitation, morbidity and mortality of patients with healed myocardial infarctions. Planning and development lasted from June 1972 through September 1974. Since 1974, 932 subjects were referred for evaluation. At randomization, 651 subjects were assigned to exercise treatment (323) or control (328) groups. Those who qualified for randomization had to complete an initial evaluation, attend 14 of 18 consecutively scheduled, low-level physical activity sessions during a period of 6 weeks, and complete a second evaluation. This prerandomization phase was accompanied by significant alterations in work capacity, heart rate levels at rest and during three levels of physical stress, systolic blood pressure reductions during stress but not at rest, and by changes in the level of anxiety and depression. The subjects will be followed for a minimum of 2 years at regular intervals to determine if regularly performed physical activity is beneficial to the rehabilitation of myocardial infarction survivors.
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PMID:The National Exercise and Heart Disease Project. The pre-randomization exercise program. Report number 2. 35 40

1) In "left-sided" cardiac diseases, the effects of nitroglycerin on arterial pressure and heart rate were noted to be modest and disappeared within 15 minutes whereas the effect upon venous pressure, measured on the median cubital vein, lasted for approximately 30 minutes. 2) At 30 minutes after a dose of nitroglycerin there occured a significant depression of venous pressure elevation on exertion in patients with such "left-sided" cardiac diseases as ischemic heart disease, arteriosclerotic heart disease and hypertensive cardiovascular disorder. In patients with mitral insufficiency and aortic stenosis, on the other hand, the exertional venous pressure elevation was significantly suppressed 7 minutes after nitroglycerin although the suppression did not longer exist 30 minutes after administration. 3) The arterial pressure, heart rate, resting venous pressure and venous pressure elevation on exertion were virtually not affected by the administration of nitroglycerin in "right- or both-sided" cardiac disorders. 4) There was no significant change in cardiac output 30 minutes after a sublingual dose of nitroglycerin. The data obtained seem to stress importance of the effect of dilating capacitance vessels in the mechanism of antianginal action of nitroglycerin.
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PMID:[Effect of nitroglycerin on peripheral venous pressure at rest and during exercise in patients with heart diseases (author's transl)]. 40 92

Trends in Australian heart disease mortality were assessed for association with the business cycle. Correlation models of mortality and unemployment series were used to test for association. An indicator series of "national stress" was developed. The three series were analyzed in path models to quantify the links between unemployment, national stress, and heart disease. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality and national stress were found to follow the business cycle. The two periods of accelerating IHD mortality coincided with economic recession. The proposed "wave hypothesis" links the trend in IHD mortality to the high unemployment of severe recession. The mortality trend describes a typical epidemic parabolic path from the Great Depression to 1975, with a smaller parabolic trend at the 1961 recession. These findings appear consistent with the hypothesis that heart disease is, to some degree, a point source epidemic arising with periods of severe economic recession. Forecasts under the hypothesis indicate a turning point in the mortality trend between 1976 and 1978. (Am J Public Health 69:772-781, 1979).
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PMID:Ischaemic heart disease mortality and the business cycle in Australia. 45 9

A comparison of health status between 779 Seventh-day Adventists, who have a strong commitment to heal-related life styles, and two other groups of people--8363 persons referred by general practitioners and 9825 volunteers--was made. The Seventh-day Adventists showed less impairment of systolic and diastolic blood pressures, of plasma cholesterol and plasma urate concentrations, and of lung ventilatory capacity; and less obesity at most specific ages. With increasing age, the level of breathlessness, reported heart disease, hypertension, and hypertensive and diuretic therapy in this sample approached that of the comparative groups, possibly because of natural attrition of high-risk persons in the latter. Depression, sleeplessness, use of sedatives and tranquillizers were lower in the Seventh-day Adventists; although, once again, a drawing together of the three groups in older age categories was evident. It is concluded that the life style of Seventh-day Adventists is conducive to lessened morbidity, delayed mortality, and decreased call on health services in comparison with the general population.
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PMID:Health status of Seventh-Day Adventists. 47 Jun 66

Exercise ECGs (bicycle ergometry in recumbency) were obtained in 252 women (aged 20-49 years) without evidence of organic heart disease. In 51 (20%) there was a false-positive change in the ECG with horizontal or descending S-T depression greater than or equal to 1 mm. The frequency of this change increased with increasing age. In group I (20-29 years) it was 5%, in group II (30-39 years) 20%, in group III (40-49 years) 38%. In 34 of the 51 women abnormal repolarisation changes were present even at rest. The S-T depression during exercise in most cases amounted to less than 2 mm and often occurred only on maximum exercise during the first or second minute of the recovery phase. These "ischaemia" changes disappeared in 29 of 41 women after administration of 100 mmol potassium chloride. Nine of 12 women in whom the positive ECG signs persisted after KCl, coronary angiography failed to demonstrate any abnormalities.
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PMID:[False-positive exercise ECG in women without organic heart disease (author's transl)]. 64 56

There is little doubt that high blood serum lipid levels are related to a higher incidence of atherosclerotic disease in humans. Experimental evidence to date suggests that dietary intervention can reduce blood lipid levels in most cases and that some small reduction in occurrence of cardiovascular disease will probably result. On the other hand no reduction in total mortality has been demonstrated in the well constructed dietary studies. It appears that there is considerable variation in the human population with regard to their patterns of lipid metabolism. Some apparently regulate body production of cholesterol in response to dietary changes, others do not. Some seem to excrete excess sterols efficiently, while some do not. It seems likely, therefore, that dietary manipulation would be useful for those disposed by heredity and other conditions to accumulation of excessive sterols in the body. On the other hand drug control of cholesterol biosynthesis and/or sterol excretion may be more effective solutions to the problem of sterol accumulation. Irrespective of whether diet or drugs prove to be the best answer to control of sterol balance, these should be applied only to that segment of the population known to require such treatment. The egg is an important dietary source of cholesterol and as a result is used sparingly in low cholesterol diets. On the other hand normal egg consumption of two eggs per day does not appear to overload cholesterol balance in the healthy human adult since depression in cholesterol biosynthesis and increased sterol excretion will result. Investigation of the lipid metabolism of the laying hen has shown that most of the cholesterol found in the egg is synthesized in the liver where it is under both dietary and drug control. Most of the cholesterol deposited in egg yolk may be essential for embryonic development. Drugs that severely limit cholesterol biosynthesis probably also limit synthesis of adrenal and sex hormones and hence limit reproduction. Moderate depressions in lipogenesis achieved without feeding of large amounts of dietary fat may offer a means for moderating cholesterol deposition in eggs. On the other hand, it also seems clear that genetic selection could be used to moderate egg cholesterol concentration. In any event, a great deal more evidence from well constructed human diet studies will be needed before low cholesterol diets can be recommended to the general population as an aid to control of cholesterol balance and heart disease.
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PMID:The cholesterol problem, the egg and lipid metabolism in the laying hen. 77 20


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